Volume 8 | Issue 4

 Abstract

In the present investigation barnyard millet seeds were mutagenized with different doses of gamma rays (GR) ranging from 100, 200 and 300Gy, varying concentration of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% and Sodium azide (SA) 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%. Variations in the germination of seeds, seedling height, seedling injury and survival of plant at maturity of barnyard millet were recorded in M1 generation. The effects of the mutagenic treatments on quantitative traits resulting in reduction in traits such as seed germination except 100Gy (91.02%), 0.1% EMS (90.87%) seedling height except 100Gy (7.02cm) and 0.01%SA (7.18cm) and survival of plant at maturity except 100Gy (88.09%) and 0.1%EMS (87.57%) but increases seedling injury except 100Gy (-00.86%) and 0.01%SA (-3.16%) was observed in treated M1 generated plants.

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 Keywords

Mutagens, barnyard millet, seed germination, seedling injury

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Corona virus disease 2019 is phrase as COVID-19 is pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 it can spread from mild to sufficient to cause of death. The disease was first papulared in december 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. The COVID-19 disease which unfurl from infected person to healthy one by droplet, hand shaking, coughing, sneezing, so it is risk of having COVID-19 through mucosa( Mouth and Nose) or through the conjunctiva and even it transmits through indirect contact with surfaces in the immediate environment or with objectives used on the infected person. People may be risk with COVID-19 for 1-14 days before developing symptoms which termed as subclinical infections or silent disease, like cough, fever, tiredness, difficulty in breathing. It can be tested through cultures of nose and throat and there is no specific treatment for corona virus disease, only a symptomatic treatment is available to functioning of vital organ of the body. Recently researchers coined that convalescent plasma which boost their ability to fight against the corona virus. It can be prevented by maintaining personal hygiene, social distance between people, animal and in the hospital by maintaining sterilization techniques for the covid-19 objects and fallowing protocols of corona virus disease.

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COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Subclinical Infection, Pandemic

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: The idea of using waste plastics in road construction is relatively new. Laboratory tests have shown positive results when a small amount (10-15% by weight) of plastic is incorporated in bituminous mixes (asphalt), resulting in improved pavement stability, strength, and durability. However, international field experience using plastics in actual road construction is quite limited. While roads constructed using waste plastics have shown good longevity and pavement performance to date, the first roads constructed using this technology are only about ten years old, so long-term outcomes are not yet clear. The mix polymer coated aggregate and modified bitumen have shown higher strength. Use of this mix for road construction helps to use plastics waste. Once the plastic waste is separated from municipal solid waste, the organic matter can be converted into manure and used. Our paper will discuss in detail the process and its successful applications

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Modified bitumen, Bituminous mixes, Road construction

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This paper formulates and presents the findings on prison system of colonial rulers in Malabar. Munro directed the attention of the government to the deplorable state of the goals, the government of Madras paid scant attention to the problem of prison administration. Prisons were confined in several scatted places. Prison life was veritable hell. Severity of treatment was the order of the day. Death in prison was a usual occurrence. Hygienic conditions were extremely bad. By the regulation of 1802, the magistrate was put in charge of the prisons in the district. The colonial rulers introduced many radical reforms to improve the conditions of the prisoners in Malabar.

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 Keywords

Judiciary, Colonialism, Legal system, Modernity, Customs, Regulations, Justice, Prison, Jail

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The major challenge in preventive geriatric care is that physical activity decreases with age and inactive older people are at high risk of diseases. This was a study conducted on 60 community dwelling elderly rural population. Sampling technique was simple random technique and study material was Cone markers, Chair without arm rest, Measuring tape. The entire procedures involved in the study was explained to each subject. After explaining the purpose of the study a written informed consent was obtained from the participants and then the foot up and go test, chair sit and reach test and 2 -min walk test was taken for balance, flexibility and endurance respectively over the elderly rural population. The result shows that the mean values of balance, flexibility and endurance in elderly rural population. And also the value of balance, flexibility and endurance in men and women and their mean value according to different age groups. The study concluded that the endurance is more in elderly population than balance and flexibility. And as compared between the gender, the balance is more in men and women has greater flexibility and endurance as compared to men.

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Physical fitness, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Community dwelling elderly rural population, Senior Fitness Test, Balance, Endurance, Flexibility.

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The engagement of faculty is considered to have an enormous effect on the success of the student and the overall development of the society. The aim of the study is to determine antecedents which influence the engagement of faculty members working in educational institutions. In accordance with this aim, a cross-sectional survey design was applied to a sample of 360 faculties in the survey. The antecedents were identified and analysed using Factor analysis technique. Based on the outcome of the analysis, four antecedents were extracted, namely: Institutional Support, Institutional Orientation for Results, Supervisory Support and Teacher Self-Efficacy.

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Faculty engagement, Institutional Support, Institutional Orientation for Results, Supervisory Support and Teacher Self-Efficacy

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A major part of the construction works are done on red soil. But the problem associated with red soil is that they are loosely packed and void space is more which results in reducing the strength of the soil. Hence to rectify this we need to stabilize the soil. An effective method of soil stabilization is to add additives. These additives bind the particles together thereby reducing the void space. But there comes a question that which additive is the best whether natural or artificial fibre. In this study, a comparative analysis on the increase in strength of soil by adding natural as well as artificial fibre in various concentration of fibre (0.5%, 1%, 2%) is done. As a natural fibre, a mixture of coir fibre and sugarcane fibre is used and as an artificial fibre, polyester fibre is used. Various tests such as plastic limit and liquid limit test, standard proctor test, UCC, direct shear test is done to check out the strength parameters of soil by adding additives. From the study, we have concluded that by adding natural as well as artificial fibre the strength increases. There is not much difference between natural and artificial fibre hence natural fibre can be used.

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Natural fibre, artificial fibre, soil stabilization, red soil.

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Novel watermarking scheme is proposed that would notably enhance cutting-edge watermarking strategies. This scheme exploits the capabilities of micro images of watermarks to build affiliation policies and embeds the guidelines into a bunch photograph in preference to the bit circulation of the watermark, that is usually used in digital watermarking. Next, similar micro pics with the same policies are amassed or even constructed from the host picture to simulate an extracted watermark. This technique, known as the Features Classification Forest, can obtain blind extraction and is adaptable to any watermarking scheme the use of a quantization-based mechanism. Furthermore, a bigger size watermark may be established without an negative impact at the imperceptibility of the host photograph. The experiments demonstrate the successful simulation of watermarks and the application to five different watermarking schemes. One of them is barely adjusted from a reference to specially withstand JPEG compression, and the others show native benefits to resist different photo processing attacks. Noises.

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Watermark ,Features

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Energy demand and supply has always been a core issue in the world for decades. These days all the countries are trying to cope up with the rapidly growing energy demands due to high energy appliances and industrial machines. The renewable energy resources are a preferred area of interest for researchers as these resources are harmless to the environment. The aim is to contribute towards wind energy conversion systems based on doubly fed induction generator by designing an intelligent controller based on fuzzy systems to improve reference tracking and robustness. Two controllers, PI and Fuzzy Intelligence based controllers are designed for decoupled control of stator active and reactive power. The responses of the two controllers are compared using MATLAB Simulink.

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Active Power; DFIG; Fuzzy Logic; Membership Functions; Reactive Power; Rule Base; WECS

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In this paper we do the analogical study of two different numerical methods in respect to iteration. Any numerical analysis model or method is faster if and only if a sequence of model solutions with increasingly refined solution domains approaches to a fixed value. Newton�Raphson and False Position methods are very e?ective numerical procedures used for solving nonlinear equations of the form f(x) = 0.Their analyses can be carried out from comparing Newton-Raphson and False Position. Given that a model is consistent, it is not feasible to apply any method to a problem without testing the size of the time and iterative steps which form the discrete approximation of the solution of the given problem. And we can say that Newton Raphson is best and faster than False Position method. The contents of this note should also be a useful exercise/example in the application of polynomial interpolation and divided di?erences in introductory courses in numerical analysis.

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Comparison , Newton-Raphson , False Position

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The article is intended towards the pioneering role which a woman can play in her own empowerment. It articulates the need of arousing the consciousness of a woman concerning her potentialities in bringing immense social change. The article aims to evolve the ideology of feminism in the contemporary social order.

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Conscious feminism

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Linear algebra is a branch of mathematics. Linear algebra is widely use in both abstract algebra & functional analysis. Linear algebra is a sub-field of mathematics concerned with vectors, matrices, and linear transforms. Like vectors can be implemented by lists and matrices can be implemented with the help of nested lists. In this article we are discussing applications of Linear Algebra like matrix, and explore matrix operations on an image and Processing of images using mathematical operations.

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Digital Image, Vectors, Matrices, Linear Transforms, Mathematical Operations

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The time required for a construction project is vital attention as a delay in the schedule can lead to damages and financial impacts on the contract parties, mainly client and contractor. The main objectives of construction projects include completing the project on time. Moreover, the success or failure of a delayed project ultimately depends on the effectiveness of the appropriate actions taken at the right time to recover the project. Before these actions can be taken, however, organizations need to be able to recognize problems and prepare to take appropriate corrective measures. The Indian construction industry is also facing a lot of challenges in completing construction projects within the estimated time as well as cost. The basic technique utilized for assessing the effect of individual delaying events on the overall project duration is network analysis, also known as Critical Path Method analysis or CPM. The longest sequence of required construction activities to complete the project is its critical path. Delay to any of the critical path activities will extend the project duration. Several steps can be explored to recover the schedule such as re-sequencing activities or reducing other critical path activity durations. Also, the noncritical activities can be delayed without affecting the project duration within the available float. This paper outlines the process effectiveness of utilization of floats in the project scheduling as an attempt for schedule recovery.

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Float types, Allocation of floats, Utilization of floats, Schedule Recovery

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Values are those characteristics of human beings that provide them motivation and guidance throughout their lives. It is considered as the guiding principles of life that govern behaviour at the core of the personality. Value education means inculcation of discipline, a sense of humanism and a deep concern for the well-being of others and the nation among the students. It is the process by which people give moral values to each other. Value education helps in the development of social, moral, aesthetic and spiritual sides of a person which are often undermined in formal education. It teaches us to preserve whatever is good and worthwhile in what was inherited from our culture. A teacher is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values and plays a vital role not only as an interpreter of culture and dispenser of knowledge but also acts as a builder of attitudes, values and beliefs. The teacher is role model of student and society and play major role in inculcating ethical behaviour among students and they are expected to act as facilitator for acquisition of knowledge, inculcator of values and transformer of inner being. Value education is the much debated and discussed subject in the present scenario of education in our society. Perhaps in the coming years, the main purpose of any education will go with value orientation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to conceptualize the value education for students. The methodology of this paper is descriptive and required informations are collected from different secondary sources like books, research articles, different government documents etc.

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 Keywords

Value education, students, school, college

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This is regarding the ways of generating the solar energy from conventional and unconventional sources

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Solar panel

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Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is one of the important rate to measure the situation of any country whether developed or undeveloped or underdeveloped. IMR depends on so many things like Medical facilities, Economic Conditions, Age fertility rate, Literacy rate etc. It is a study to measure the relation between IMR and Literacy rate through the application of Python.

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IMR, Literacy Rate, Linear Regression Model, Python

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The 21st century is the world of technology where most people do not even imagine their life without technology. The growth and popularity of social media has created a new world of collaboration and communication. Social networking sites refer to various applications, websites or new online media that allows large numbers of individuals to share their information and develop a proper social and specialized contact. These sites emphasize the creation of a connection between people to enable them to share their interests. More than a billion individuals around the world are connected and networked together to create, collaborate, and contribute their knowledge and wisdom. Teenagers, especially students also engage in social media whether to use it as a platform to seek for new information or connect with their friends. Despite the importance of social media, it also brings the drawbacks to those who misuse this technology Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the awareness of Social Media among student-teachers and to find whether there is any significant differences with respect to gender, locality and type of management of colleges. The research design is of normative survey method and the sampling technique used for the study is stratified random sampling. Keeping in view the aim of the study, 440 student-teachers from B.Ed students belonging to government, government aided and self finance colleges of education in the Chennai district were randomly selected. Further, it is observed that male student-teachers have high social media awareness when compared to female student-teachers and rural locale student-teachers have high social media awareness when compared to urban locale student-teachers. It is further inferred that student-teachers of government colleges of education had exhibited high social media awareness than student-teachers of government aided colleges of education and then followed by self finance colleges of education. In the modern world, we need to develop the awareness of social media among student-teachers in the colleges of education because today's student-teachers are going to be future teachers, who are responsible to monitor, regulate and shape the future generations.

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Social Media, Awareness, Student-teachers.

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Now a day�s agriculture is facing a wide range of challenges all across the world. The important challenges are crop yield stagnation, decrease in arable land due to land degradation and urbanization, low nutrient use efficiency, deficiencies of more than one nutrients in soil, declining soil organic and water availability etc. It would be difficult to produce enough food to feed the ever increasing populations. Fertilizers play a vital role in increasing agricultural production, but excessive use of chemical fertilizers irreversibly damages the chemical ecology of soil and reduces the available area for crop production. Nanomaterials in fertilizers improves the productivity of crops. In this article we are discussing about the use of Nanofertilizers in agriculture and their extensive uses compared to conventional bulk fertilizers.

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Nanofertilizers, Conventional Bulk Fertilizers, Nanostructured Formulations, Agriculture, Efficiency.

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Abstract: Social capital is the expected collective on common benefit derived from the potential treatment and cooperation between individuals and groups. The social capital theory gained the importance through integration of the classical sociological theory with the description of an intangible form of capital. Many studies on social capital starts with the early evolution of the concept of social capital which has relevance in understanding the historic development of the concept , not the term which has deep roots in the early sociology and economics . The concept of social capital or the value that can be derived from social ties created by goodwill, mutual support, shared languages, common beliefs and a sense of mutual obligation, has been applied to a number of fields from sociology to management. Social capital is generated collectively but can also be used individually, bridging the dichotonomized approach. Over the last few years there has been a remarkable increase in the number of published studied dealing with social capital issues. However, there are scanty studies at village level relating to social capital and bank performance. In this background the present study examines how social capital affects bank�s efficiency for a sample of financial institutions in Kaipamangalamgramapanchayath.

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social capital , intangible capital, bank performance

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Concrete is a brittle material which has a low strength and limited ductility. These weak points of concrete can be resolved by including fibers made of different materials with high technical specifications. This special type of concrete is known as Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) which exhibits superior properties in terms of ductility, fracture energy, toughness, strength and durability due to the addition of steel fibers when compared to conventional concrete. SFRC has a varied application area. In practice, steel fibers which have different lengths, diameters, and aspect ratios are used. These variable characteristics of steel fibers have highly influence on the performance of SFRC.The paper presents results of an experimental investigation carried out to study the properties of reinforced cement concrete and steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) containing mixed fibres of different aspect ratio. An experimental programme was planned in which workability tests were conducted to investigate the properties of the fresh concrete mixes. Meanwhile, the properties of the hardened concrete were investigated using compressive tests, split tensile tests and flexural strength tests. And effect of fibres when it is distributed in hinged zone of structural element was also examined to achieve economy by reducing steel fibre content in concrete mix. The results indicate that the Mixed steel fibre reinforced concrete (at volume fraction of 1.5%, consisting of 75% macro fibres and 25% micro fibres) can be adjusted as the most appropriate combination to be employed in SFRC for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. However, better workability was obtained as the percentage of shorter fibres increased in the concrete mix. And there is little amount of variation in properties of concrete between fibres in full length of the beam and fibres in hinged zone of the beam.

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 Keywords

Ductility,steel fiber, Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete,aspect ratio

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition