Volume 14 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Situation awareness (SA) is a crucial factor affecting flight safety for pilots, yet few studies have focused specifically on modeling SA for pilots, resulting in limited success. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal deep learning approach to monitor pilots' SA. The approach combines handcrafted and deep features obtained from eye movement and flight control data collected from 27 novice pilots across different training phases using a flight simulator. Ground truth SA measurements were obtained using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT). The handcrafted features included 13 eye movements and 22 flight control features, while deep features were extracted from time-series of gaze positions using a deep extractor based on Transformer. By fusing the handcrafted features of eye movement and flight control, along with one deep feature of eye movement, we predicted the final SA level. Through leave-one-flight-out cross-validation, our model achieved a higher accuracy of 92.04%. The results indicate that the multimodal model outperforms the unimodal models, with the eye movement modality demonstrating superiority over the flight control modality in predicting SA. This suggests our method provides an objective means of predicting pilot's SA and offers new insights for SA assessment in aviation and other fields.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Human factors in aviation, pilot situation awareness, virtual profile for pilot

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

DrugInsight predicts drug-drug interactions (DDIs), returning an interaction probability, a severity tier, and a structured clinical explanation for any queried drug pair. The system combines AttentiveFP graph neural network encodings of molecular structure with curated pharmacological data from DrugBank and post-market adverse event signals from TWO SIDES. RDKit and PyTorch Geometric convert SMILES strings into molecular graphs; the GNN encodes each graph into a 256-dimensional structural embedding. These embeddings are concatenated with a 12-dimensional feature vector derived from shared biological targets, metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and carriers (DrugBank), and the Proportional Reporting Ratio from TWOSIDES. An MLP classifier processes the combined vector. A tiered fusion layer then weights the DrugBank rule score, MLP output, and TWOSIDES signal according to what evidence is available for the queried pair, producing a 0-100 risk index and a severity label. We evaluate the model under a drug-level cold-start split: neither drug in any validation pair appears during training. This tests whether the system can handle newly approved or understudied compounds rather than simply interpolating over seen chemical space. The best checkpoint reaches a validation AUC of 0.7065. Clinical explanations are generated by a rule based module covering CYP enzyme-mediated metabolic competition, shared pharmacological targets, and pharmacovigilance signal strength; no language model is involved, so explanation outputs carry no hallucination risk. Per-source confidence scores accompany every prediction. The system is accessible via a Streamlit web interface, a FastAPI endpoint, and a command-line interface.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drug-drug interactions, graph neural networks, AttentiveFP, evidence fusion, explainability, pharmacovigilance, DrugBank, TWOSIDES

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nowadays e-commerce platforms are growing rapidly; a number of people visit websites and also use them. On the other side data, privacy and security challenges also increase. If these privacy and security challenges are not resolved, consumers can never trust or visit any e-commerce websites. This study provides a comparative analysis of the data security and data privacy in traditional and modern digital system. It gives a detailed evaluation of different aspects of data privacy and issues related to its implementation. It also examines the need to secure the personal data of the users and the frequent security concerns that online business encounter. This paper also examines strategies that are helpful for users to stay safe in the digital era by taking security precautions. The results have shown that the efficiency of modern security solutions, their scalability and ability to detect threats real-time are better than the traditional approaches, but modern solutions have also brought privacy and data transparency challenges. Recent cybersecurity statistics establish the validity of the analysis and provide an understanding of the need to develop advanced security frameworks to tackle the rapidly increasing cyber threats.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Data security, E- commerce, E- commerce privacy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Millions worldwide suffer from chronic pain, which impairs quality of life and function. Pharmaceuticals and surgeries can cause dependency, side effects, and limited long-term efficacy. Naturopathy and yoga are holistic, non-pharmacological, and patient-centered alternatives to chronic pain management. Naturopathy emphasizes the body's natural ability to heal through diet, herbal remedies, hydrotherapy, acupuncture, and physical therapy. Through asanas, pranayama, and meditation, yoga can reduce chronic pain by improving flexibility, stress, and neurobiological changes that increase pain perception. Both methods address physical, psychological, and physiological pain to reduce arthritis, fibromyalgia, lower back pain, and migraines, according to research. Scientific validation, regulatory standardization, and integration into traditional healthcare remain despite growing evidence supporting these techniques. This study examines the efficacy, mechanisms, and potential integration of naturopathic and yogic therapies for chronic pain management, emphasizing personalized, evidence-based approaches. To improve the credibility and accessibility of complementary therapies for chronic pain, clinical trials, mechanistic studies, and policy reforms are needed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chronic Pain, Naturopathy, Yoga, non-pharmacological, physical therapy, clinical trials.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project proposes a government-driven sustainable tourism platform for Kerala that leverages advanced AI capabilities to enhance travel planning, monitor visitor experiences, and generate measurable sustainability insights. The system integrates a Gemini-powered intelligent engine to provide real-time itinerary recommendations tailored to user preferences, environmental conditions, and local regulations. By dynamically optimizing travel routes and activities, the platform promotes eco-friendly tourism while improving overall visitor satisfaction.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords-- Sustainable Tourism, Kerala Government, Responsible Tourism Mission, Google Gemini API, NLP, Flask, React, JWT Authentication, PDF Report Generation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid evolution of cyber threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DoS), backdoor intrusions, and advanced persistent attacks has made traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) increasingly ineffective. Signature-based systems fail to detect unknown or zero-day attacks, leading to significant security vulnerabilities. This paper presents a Deep Learning-Based Network Intrusion Detection System (DL-NIDS) designed for real-time monitoring and classification of network traffic. The proposed system utilizes a two-stage deep learning architecture trained on the UNSW-NB15 dataset to first distinguish between normal and malicious traffic, and then classify the attack into specific categories such as DoS, Backdoor, and Generic attacks. The system integrates real-time traffic monitoring, data preprocessing, machine learning inference, and an interactive web-based dashboard for visualization. Experimental results demonstrate improved detection accuracy, reduced false positives, and efficient real-time performance compared to traditional IDS approaches.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Intrusion Detection System, Deep Learning, Network Security, Real-Time Monitoring, Cyber Threat Detection, UNSW-NB15

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is secular country and source of knowledge , Values, Norms of society should have the ground of this i.e. secularism. And Religion Has revealed it self as Ideology system of thoughts located in the domain of sacred. But at present India we can observe that, Religion continuously has been customising for Build a new form of that by the force of politics. I named it Religious modernism. That's mean it is a New Replica of the old Version of Architects. And what is the impact of this on society, is it all over negative weather positive, I discussed in my paper. Even not only that, I also discussed about how India and his neighbour countries especially Bangladesh and Pakistan are Constantly doing Support and Spread Religious Intolerance in world. And is Religious Tolerances that things that we need in this Situation? In India we can see the Many kind of impact of the Religious Modernism and Political Exclusivism . And not only that at the present time it is being caused of Mass-hysteria . So for this reason I also discussed what is centre, ground, and future of this social phenomena. And which sphere of society is mostly targeted and influenced by this. But in spite of this there are Few atheists and I also tried to lightened the roll of them in a democratic world. In this present world we can see that Religion is being driven by politics and politics is being Navigated by Religion. This Customised form of religion can become a blessing for any country, and what is the present religious Scenario in India I also discussed about it. And at last I have tried to Make it clear that can we say that Being Spiritual is identical with being religious? how India is shifting torwards a new Religious order where religion is beyond of Spiritual property.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Religious modernism, Secularism, Intolerance, Acceptance , Mass hysteria, Politics Religion, Pseudo Religion.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the financial literacy of tribal and non-tribal households in two villages of the Ghatsila Block, Jharkhand, using data collected from 240 households. A Financial Literacy Index (FLI) was developed following the OECD/INFE framework, which captures financial knowledge, behaviour, and attitudes. The findings show clear differences in financial capability across household groups, with tribal households generally displaying weaker financial understanding and more limited engagement with formal financial practices. Analysis of the three dimensions of financial literacy reveals significant gaps in basic financial knowledge, moderate performance in day-to-day financial behaviour, and mixed attitudes toward long-term financial planning. The logit model further indicates that socio-economic factors such as education, gender, employment type, and access to bank accounts influence the likelihood of being financially literate. These patterns highlight the need for context-specific financial education initiatives tailored to rural and tribal communities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Financial literacy, Tribal households, OECD framework, Rural Jharkhand, Financial inclusion.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The competitive job market presents significant challenges for candidates, where approximately 40% of applicants are rejected due to performance anxiety and a lack of confidence. Traditional preparation methods, such as static guides or informal practice, often fail to provide the objective, micro-level feedback required for corporate success. This research proposes a new approach using a unified, serverless ecosystem to enhance interview readiness through an AI-powered Resume Analyzer and a Real-Time Voice-Agent. By integrating the Google Gemini 2.0 API for semantic parsing and the Vapi Web SDK for low-latency WebRTC-based audio orchestration, the system extracts critical professional metadata and evaluates delivery fluency via prosodic feature analysis. System evaluation demonstrated a highly effective Semantic Parsing Accuracy (SPA) of 94.2% for the ATS module and an average Round-Trip Latency (RTL) of 1.15 seconds for the real-time voice agent. The aim of this research is to propose a data-driven pipeline that democratizes professional coaching and eliminates visual demographic biases to ensure ethical governance and inclusive assessment by relying strictly on voice and text analytical modules.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Large Language Models, WebRTC, Semantic Parsing, Real-Time Audio, Prosodic Analysis, Mock Interview System, Applicant Tracking System (ATS), Bias Mitigation, Generative AI

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Typical live USB systems do not retain runtime changes, causing all configurations and data modifications to be discarded after shutdown. This limitation restricts their use in scenarios requiring continuity and repeatability. To address this issue, a compact persistence-enabled USB solution is proposed, integrating automated disk initialization, Debian system deployment, and snapshot-based state management. The storage medium is configured using a GPT scheme, where a Btrfs partition functions as the primary writable layer. This partition is internally divided into dedicated subvolumes for the operating system, user data, and snapshot storage. Data compression using zstd is applied to reduce write overhead and improve flash storage efficiency. Boot support is implemented for both UEFI and legacy BIOS platforms, ensuring compatibility across diverse hardware. A snapshot management mechanism records system states and dynamically incorporates them into the GRUB boot menu, enabling direct restoration of previous configurations without requiring external tools or network connectivity. Experimental validation across multiple systems confirms stable boot behavior and consistent preservation of system state across power cycles, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach for portable and reliable computing environments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Persistent Bootable USB, Btrfs-Based Storage Design, Portable Debian Environment, Hybrid Firmware Boot (UEFI/BIOS), Filesystem Snapshot Management, Automated OS Deployment, GRUB Boot Integration, Flash Storage Efficiency, Hardware-Independent Computing, Offline System Restoration

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive examination of linear operators in Interval-Valued Fuzzy Metric Space (IVFMS). Interval-valued fuzzy metric spaces generalise fuzzy metric spaces and classical metric spaces by characterising distances as intervals, which facilitates uncertainty management. The main objective of this work is to define linear operators in IVFMS and investigate their fundamental properties, such as operator norms, continuity, and boundedness. Many new theoretical conclusions are made and confirmed. The study also covers recent developments in fuzzy metric spaces, showing how interval-valued techniques provide a more flexible framework for complex mathematical investigation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Interval-Valued Fuzzy Metric Space (IVFMS), Linear Operator in IVFMS, Bounded Linear Operator, Continuous Linear Operator, Operator norm in IVFMS.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In many small cities, public transportation plays a vital role in daily commuting; however, the lack of real-time information often leads to uncertainty, long waiting times, and reduced passenger satisfaction. Traditional public transport systems usually rely on static schedules that fail to reflect real-world conditions such as traffic congestion, delays, or route deviations. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a Real-Time Public Transport Tracking System specifically designed for small cities. The proposed system utilizes GPS-enabled devices installed in public transport vehicles to continuously capture live location data. This data is transmitted to a central server through a wireless communication network and processed to provide real-time updates to passengers via a mobile application or web interface. Users can view the current location of buses, estimated arrival times, route details, and delay notifications. The system also allows transport authorities to monitor fleet movement, improve operational efficiency, and respond quickly to disruptions. By providing accurate, real-time information, the proposed solution enhances passenger convenience, reduces waiting time, and promotes the use of public transport. The system is cost-effective, scalable, and well-suited for small city environments, making it a practical step toward smarter urban mobility

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Communication Network, GPS, Transport System

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Removable storage devices such as USB drives remain a significant vector for malware propagation, insider threats, and unauthorized data exfiltration. Despite their widespread use, many existing forensic tools primarily support post-incident analysis and provide limited visibility into real-time USB activity. This paper presents USBGuard-AI, an AI-enabled forensic monitoring and risk detection framework designed to detect, analyze, and document USB device activities in real time while preserving evidentiary integrity. The proposed system integrates real-time USB detection, forensic session management, cryptographic hash-based integrity verification, activity timeline reconstruction, and AI-assisted risk classification. Additionally, a keyword intelligence mechanism is incorporated to identify sensitive information across multiple categories. The system also supports USB history tracking, limited deleted file recovery, and structured forensic report generation for investigative and legal purposes. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that USBGuard-AI achieves high accuracy in detecting suspicious files while maintaining reliable chain-of-custody records. The framework bridges the gap between traditional security monitoring tools and forensic intelligence systems, enhancing the effectiveness of digital investigations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

USB Forensics, Digital Forensic Investigation, Real-Time USB Monitoring, AI-Assisted Risk Classification, Chain of Custody, Cryptographic Hashing, Forensic Reporting

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a systematic account of the consonant system of Tiwa, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Northeast India, particularly in Assam and Meghalaya. Tiwa has two principal varieties, Hill Tiwa and Plain Tiwa (Moral, 2002). Previous descriptions of Tiwa phonology show considerable disagreement regarding the size and composition of its consonant inventory, especially in the treatment of voiced stops [b, d, g] and the alveolar fricative [z]. To address this, the study re-examines the consonant system of Hill Tiwa based on primary field data collected from native speakers in Umswai area of West Karbi Anglong district, Assam.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tibeto-Burman; Phonemic contrast; Positional distribution; Northeast India; Descriptive phonology.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the intricate relationship between an individual's cognitive worldview and their internal state of energetic balance. The research focuses on two foundational concepts that bridge Eastern philosophy and human behavior: the Law of Karma and the Chakra system. In this study, karma is explored as a psychological "lay theory" for moral cause and effect, while the chakra system serves as a bio-psycho-spiritual model for psychological development and somatic alignment. The background highlights the need for empirical evidence to support spiritual wellness by examining how a belief in a just universe influences internal self-regulation. The researcher used a quantitative design to examine these variables in a measurable way. A sample of 201 participants provided data through standardized tools. The primary instruments were the Belief in Karma Scale (BKS) and the Chakra Assessment Tool (CAT). Data analysis using Pearson Correlation revealed a significant positive correlation between the belief in karma and total chakra alignment. The correlation coefficient was .331, significant at the 0.001 level. These findings indicate that as a person's belief in the ethical consequences of their actions increases, their psychological and energetic balance also tends to rise. Specifically, the Third Eye and Root Chakra had the strongest correlations, while the Heart Chakra showed a moderate relationship. In conclusion, this research provides empirical support for the idea that a moral worldview predicts internal energetic health. Perceiving the world as an orderly place helps individuals maintain better self-regulation and grounding. This study contributes to positive spiritual psychology by validating the chakra system as a measurable framework for psychological maturity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Karma, Chakra Alignment, Spiritual Psychology, Moral Worldview, Somatic Health, Lay Theory, Indian Psychology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of molecular interactions in four binary liquid mixtures, namely methanol-cinnamaldehyde, acetone-cinnamaldehyde, p-dioxane-cinnamaldehyde, and cyclohexane-cinnamaldehyde, over the entire mole fraction range. Ultrasonic velocity and density measurements were carried out, and various thermodynamic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, volume expansivity, excess adiabatic compressibility, and excess volume expansivity were evaluated. The variation of ultrasonic velocity and density with mole fraction indicates significant changes in molecular packing and intermolecular forces across different systems. Negative values of excess adiabatic compressibility observed in methanol and acetone systems confirm strong heteromolecular interactions dominated by hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions. In contrast, the p-dioxane system exhibits weak interactions characterized by small negative deviations, while the cyclohexane system shows positive excess values, indicating weak dispersive interactions and structural loosening. The study reveals that the nature and strength of molecular interactions strongly depend on the polarity and hydrogen-bonding ability of the components. Overall, the results provide valuable insight into non-ideal behavior, structural effects, and interaction mechanisms in binary liquid mixtures, which are essential for understanding solution chemistry and industrial applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ultrasonic velocity, Density, Compressibility, Excess properties, Molecular interactions, Cinnamaldehyde, Binary mixtures, Hydrogen bonding

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Byronic hero, originating in Lord Byron's Romantic poetry as a figure of magnetic contradiction--proud yet tormented, rebellious yet affectionate, alienated by guilt--traditionally embodies grand passion amid isolation and moral complexity. This paper contends that Kazuo Ishiguro reimagines this archetype in his protagonists, Masuji Ono of An Artist of the Floating World, and Stevens of The Remains of the Day, transforming spectacular Romantic rebellion into subdued 20th-century tragedies of denial and self-suppression. Ono, reflecting on his wartime propaganda collaborations and betrayal of student Kuroda, and Stevens, complicit in his employer's fascist sympathies while suppressing love for Miss Kenton, share Byronic hallmarks: unreliable narration masking inner turmoil, professional personas as emotional shields, subtle social ostracism, and paradoxical pride amid unrecognised errors. Through close textual analysis of their memories, narrative evasions, and late epiphanies, the study reveals Ishiguro's innovation: Byronic suffering persists not in defiance of gods or tyrants, but in ordinary lives entangled with imperialism and fascism, where autonomy yields to misguided duty.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Byronic hero, Kazuo Ishiguro, Masuji Ono, Stevens, unreliable narration, moral ambiguity, historical complicity, social isolation, guilt, denial, emotional suppression

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Groundnut, Phosphorus, PSB, Nutrient use efficiency, Biofertilizer, Sustainable agriculture

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Climate Change Has Significantly Increased The Frequency And Intensity Of Extreme Weather Events Such As Floods, Heatwaves, And Cyclones. Accurate Prediction Of Such Events Is Essential For Disaster Management And Policy Planning. While Artificial Intelligence (AI) And Machine Learning (ML) Models Have Shown Promising Results In Climate Prediction, They Often Suffer From Two Major Limitations: Poor Performance In Predicting Extreme Events Due To Data Imbalance, And Lack Of Interpretability Due To Their Black-Box Nature.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Climate Prediction.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the relationship between space and power in Mario Vargas Llosa's The Time of the Hero through a Foucauldian framework of discipline and control. Focusing on spatial allegory and constructions of masculinity, the paper analyzes how institutional environments such as the military academy function as sites of surveillance, normalization, and resistance. It argues that space operates not merely as a physical setting but as a dynamic force that structures power relations and shapes subjectivity within the narrative.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Spatial Allegory, Discipline, Masculinity, Power, Foucault, Latin American Literature

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition