Volume 12 | Issue 4

 Abstract

In today's rapidly changing world and rise in demand of fuel especially in developing nation we perpetually hear about the increasing fuel prices. This topic has become a major issue. As the increasing demand and increase prices there has been need to developed a digital fuel indicator to know the better about the fuel present and added to the vehicle. Fuel theft by petrol pump owner is also leading the common man to be cheated as the petrol pump are tempered such that it displays the amount as entered by the provider but the quantity of fuel that is filled in the customer's fuel tank is much lesser than the displayed value. As analogy meter does not show exact amount, we can't cross check the fuel added and thus people are helpless despite of knowing the fraud by petrol pump owners which make them earn fortune. Fuel theft while parking is also a disturbing fact all over the world. The main objective of our project is to present a proper solution for indicating the exact availability of fuel in the tank digitally which will calibrate the exact amount of fuel contained in the vehicles tank as well as flowing into the fuel tank with the help of an ultrasonic sensor. In our endeavour to make it more digital, we will also demonstrate the measure of fuel in a vehicle when it gets stolen.

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 Keywords

Fuel Level Indicator

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You can utilise a quick-lifting jack with a bevel gear configuration for lifting. The function of a quick-lifting jack with a bevel gear arrangement is identical to that of a screw jack. It is used to lift the weights back and forth from the bottom to the top. Bevel gears are used in this setup rather of the worm gears that were used in screw jacks. Compared to a screw gauge, this setup has some benefits. The highest load it can support is around 2000 kg. Pneumatic screw jacks, hydraulic screw jacks, and conventional screw jacks are all replaced by this arrangement. The major goals of this setup are to increase screw jacks' load carrying capacity, reduce costs, and get around various other challenges. The challenges with screw jacks are that they are expensive and need constant lubrication. This can be used in lifting cars, trucks, buses, and many other types of vehicles, as well as in industrial settings. As opposed to standard screw jacks, this method doesn't require a lot of physical labour. When compared to standard screw jacks, this setup does not harm the screw threads as quickly. It has the greater lifespan. It can bear a large amount of weight. It doesn't need to be lubricated frequently. Construction- wise, it is fairly straightforward compared to pneumatic and hydraulic systems. Pneumatic systems need air compressors, and hydraulic jacks use cumbersome cylinders and hydraulic fluids. When compared to both systems, it weighs less. The bevel gear design of the quick lifting jack makes it exceedingly portable.

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 Keywords

Bevel. Lubrication, Threads, Jacks, Load

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 Abstract

This fabrication is based on pneumatics which deals with the study and application of pressurized air to produce mechanical motion. Pneumatic jack is a fabricated model which when installed in four wheeler, will ease in the problems arising in the conventional operated jack. This fabricated model consists of a small size reciprocating air compressor which is driven by the battery used in four wheeler, an air tank to store the compressed air, and a pneumatic control valve which regulates the air flow and double acting cylinder used as a jack which performs lifting. Thus the car is lifted using jack and the problem related to tyres such as puncture tyres, tyre replacement and wheel balancing can be resolved with less effort and time.

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 Keywords

Compressor, Valves, conventional operated jack etc...

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The development of an improved pedal powered water pump machine was undertaken with the intention of providing a simple cost solution to the problem of delivery of ground water with relatively less effort. This project analyzes the development of an improved pedal powered water pump for rural use. This development was prompted due to the need for pumping systems that does not use electricity as its power source in under developed area the system is composed of a reciprocating pump powered by pedaling it can be used for irrigation and drinking water purposes. It is more productive operated pumping system and is time saving this mechanism is operated mechanically by pedaling therefore it's economical and healthy. A pedal operated water filtration system is a water filtering apparatus which can filter water by using human muscle power via a pedal operated mechanism. This apparatus is preferably mounted on a supporting frame for increased portability. It will be specifically designed to perform three important functions storing water, filtering it and transporting it to the final destination. The aim of this project is to solve purifying drinking water by creating a durable apparatus which is cheap to manufacture and to by which can last for long time in rural conditions and which can be detachable so that it can be mounted on any frame. The system works on the sprocket chain system.

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 Keywords

Reciprocating pump. Filter. Chain drive, Sprocket.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Two-wheelers are a very important part of our lives but also responsible for some minor and major accidents because most of the riders forget to stow the side stand to the riding position causing fatal accidents and injuries. About 40 percent of accidents happen due to the parked position of the side stand of the two-wheeler. According to research, there are 2300 two-wheeler accidents reported by over every million people in India. In which every 300 victims die at the site or during the medical proceeding. Forgetting to stow the side stand of the two-wheeler is one of the frequently done mistakes of the two-wheeler riders. These accidents can be prevented by using an automatic side stand retrieval system in two-wheelers. In this, a simple rack and pinion assembly is used to stow the stand when the rider starts the vehicle. The system will monitor the angle of the vehicle from the vertical axis and engine RPM with the help of a gyroscope and a photoelectric sensor. When the angle of vehicle is less than 15 degrees and the engine exceeds 1600 RPM the motor will receive power and the stand will be pushed to its riding position. The design and analysis of rack and pinion is done in Solidworks and Ansys workbench respectively. For manufacturing of rack and pinion and casing EN24 and Aluminum 6061 is used respectively and also achieved FOS of 1.5 for fatigue life cycle of 106 hrs. By using this method the rider will never have to worry about the stand ,and this will make sure the safe ride.

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 Keywords

Two-wheeler, Side-stand, Stove, Rack & Pinion, Interlocking, Reminder device, Clutch, Engine, Fatigue, Spring, Gyroscope

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This paper stands for spring less valve system for IC Engine valve. Conventional valve system uses one valve for opening of cam and closing of cam totally depends upon spring, but spring less valve system uses two cams for its operation. In this work we are going to design spring less valve system. Model analysis of opening and closing cam of spring less valve system is done. For different material we have done harmonic analysis to know about failure of closing and opening cam. Harmonic analysis represents when resonance will occur. This new system improves the performance of IC Engine. This new system uses less power for its working.

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Spring less valve, Closing cam, Opening cam, Modal analysis, Harmonic analysis

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Essentially, Most of cars use four lug nuts to fix wheels on vehicle. The traditional way to change a car's wheel tire is to unscrew the locking lug nuts one by one using a lug wrench. However, sometimes it can be so exhausting and time consuming. In project our aim is to design of 4 wheel nut rotating hand operated tool for tightening and removing of 4 nuts in one stroke. With the increment of number of car on the road, the number of cars problem due to tyre failure has increased. Often, the car is provided with tyre wheel nuts remover for tyre replacement. Due to difficulty in applying torque to remove nut and to save a time.We develop tool having a planetary mechanism. In our project we are tried to focus on the minimization of human effort for fixing all for nuts of 100 mm PCD wheel in one time. The main objective of work is to develop a single tool, which can be made use during assembling of wheels in automobiles. It can be successfully used as standard tool irrespective of the model of the car. It can be used in garages, workshops and service stations. The remover is designed to be ergonomic to be used for easy maintenance, easy storage, easy to handled and able to remove all nuts at once a time. In Automobile industry, Adjustable Unified wheel opener is a special purpose tool made to open and close all the nuts of a wheel in single operation with less effort. Although various methods are used for open the nuts, they require a lot of effort to open a single nut and also time consuming because you should open/close single nut separately. The main objective of work is to develop a single tool with use to open multiple nuts in single operation with simple mechanisms, which is widely use during assembling and dismantling of wheels in automobiles. It can be successfully used as a standard tool irrespective of the model of the car. Also it canbe used in assembly line of automobiles, garages, workshops and as well as service stations.

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Gear, Bearing, Shaft, Spanner, Socket

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This paper discuss about cad modeling, design and analysis of automatic hammering machine. Our goal for this paper is to design and Fabricate an automatic hammering machine. And for this, we have calculated the maximum torque, impact velocity for hammering, torque force and also shear failure in bolt joint. In our project we are using torque force to perform various manufacturing operation in industries like riveting, upset forging, punching etc. Also time required for operation is less so it is useful in mass production. In this project we have prepared solid model of project assembly by using CATIA v5R20 software {Computer aided three dimensional interactive application}. The snapshots of every component are attached in the file in design section. The model consists of motor, shaft, hammer, jigs and fixtures. From this we fabricate conceptual model of automatic hammering machine. Automatic portable hammering machine is one of the new techniques proposed in design in order to achieve instant Hammering accurate repetition and impacting, fast Hammering process. It should be user friendly without any risk and worker manual Effort can be used easily automatically. In the past, a labor used hammer for to drive nail, fit parts, break apart and more. It would be used manually with more effort and man power used in process. But now a day it is possible to make it process easy by invented automatic Hammering. There are very clear benefits that the industry sees while using automated systems. These advantages can be very beneficial in the long run. We assure that our products are one of the best and they are long lasting.

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CATIA v5R20 1, Automatic2, CAD modeling3, impact velocity4, torque force5, shear6, Accurate7

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In this we fabricate the pneumatic circuit with time delay circuit forging machine. It time delay valve has three different times like, low, medium, high. It control by a button and it consist many more electric and electronic components. This circuit run on adapter this adapter provide 12 volt DC current. This pneumatic circuit also have components like, compressor, FRL unit. Pressure gauge, 3/2 solenoid operated direction control valve, double acting cylinder, etc.

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pneumatic circuit with time delay circuit forging machine, 12 volt DC adapter, and compressor, solenoid valve, Pressure gauge

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 Abstract

This paper discusses design and fabrication of "Slotting/ Milling Attachment to Lathe". It is well known that lathe is considered to be a versatile machine in which several capabilities of machining are inbuilt. To further enhance its versatility, in this research, an attachment is designed and fabricated to add the capability of horizontal milling machine in lathe. A milling cutter is mounted in a cutting arbor, which in turn is mounted between the headstock and the tailstock of a lathe. A work holding device is designed and mounted on the tool post. With this arrangement, it is possible to do keyway cutting in a shaft or milling a plane surface on a work piece. This research is considered to be a milestone in the direction of increasing the capability of the machine tool like lathe.

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Milling, Slotting, Lathe, Attachment, Enhancement of Lathe Features.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project is based on pedal powered energy. The bicycle pedal is connected with the flywheel with the use of chain drive and belt drive. By applying force (bicycling action) on the pedal will make the flywheel rotate at some speed which is based on human effort. At the end of flywheel assembly, the small type of generator named a dynamo is connected for the generation of power. It generates the DC power which is stored in the battery and to make it useful to charge the mobile, Inverter is mounted in between this. The generation of power is only dependent on human effort. In this no fuel is require for the generation of power. That's why it does not harmful to the environment or any life. The concept of this project, It is also used for pedal hacksaw, pedal pump, pedal grass-cutter and many more. This project is very useful for those people who live in rural area. Ultimately the bicycle is used as fat reducing equipment for human and as travelling vehicle.

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 Keywords

Pedal Power, Dynamo, Rotary Motion, Flywheel, Bicycle, Mobile

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 Abstract

The pipe cutting process is a main part of all industries. Normally the pipe cutting machine is manually hand operated one for medium and small scale industries. Automation in the modern world is in inevitable. Any automatic machine aim at the economical use of man, machine, and material worth the most. In our project is solenoid valve and control timing unit is used for automation .The pipe cutting machine works with the help of pneumatic double acting single cylinder .The piston is connected to the moving cutting tool .It is used to cut the small size of the pipe. The machine is portable in size, so easy transportable. A compress air from compressor is used as force medium for this operation. There are pneumatic double acting cylinders, solenoid valve, flow control valve and timer unit is used. The arm from the compressor enters to the flow of control valve. The control air from the flow control valve enters to the solenoid valve. The function of solenoid valves all of air correct time interval. The 5/2 solenoid valve is used In one position air enters to the cylinder and pushes the piston so that the cutting stroke is obtained. The next position air enters to the other side of cylinder and pushes the piston return back, so that the remaining stroke is obtained .The speed of cutting releasing stroke is varying by the timer control unit circuit.

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 Keywords

Automation, Compressor, Solenoid vavle, Pneumatic.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Machine we designed and fabricated is used for cutting any shape of object like Circular, Rectangular, and Polygon. Hence our project namely Typical Pipe Cutting Machine is a Special type of Machine. According to the type of material to be cut, the cutting tool can be changed. This project gives details of Cutting various shapes and sizes of components. This machine can be widely applied in almost all type of industries. The pipe cutting process is a main part of the all industries. Normally the cutting machine is manually hand operated one for medium and small scale industries. In our project is pneumatically operated "TYPICAL PIPE CUTTING MACHINE". Automation in the modern world is inevitable. Any automatic machine aimed at the economical use of man, machine, and material worth the most. In our project is hand operated D.C valve and flow control valve is used for semi-automation. The pipe cutting machine works with the help of pneumatic double acting cylinder. The piston is connected to the moving cutting tool. It is also used to cut the small size of sheet metal. The machine is portable in size, so easy transportable.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pipe cutting machine, Automation, Pneumatic cylinder. Flow control valve, check valve.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Innovative urban environmental protection strategies are being explored, one of which involves the incorporation of cigarette butts into concrete. This approach not only addresses the issue of cigarette waste but also mitigates the urban heat island effect caused by concrete. The study focuses on understanding the impact of the cigarette butt content on the mechanical properties of footpath paver block. The cigarette butts are first cleaned, dried, and then hardened using bitumen. They are then mixed into the concrete cubic block at varying concentrations 0%,5%,7.5%and 10% of the total volume of concrete. A uniaxial compression test is performed to assess the strength of the footpath paver block. The findings suggest a decline in concrete robustness with an escalating proportion of cigarette butt content. However, the decrease in strength is gradual if the cigarette content does not exceed 10%, with the maximum strength loss being 12%. Beyond a cigarette content of 10%, the strength reduction is more pronounced, reaching a 25% loss at a cigarette butt content. Interestingly, the failure pattern of the concrete shows improved ductility with the increase in cigarette butt content. In contrast, concrete without any cigarette content shatters into many pieces upon failure. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of using cigarette butts in concrete for urban environmental protection.

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 Keywords

Urban Environmental Protection, Cigarette Butts, Concrete, Footpath Paver Block,Economy ,Circular Economy, Waste Management

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 Abstract

The dependence on oil has developed into a modern culture that permeates every aspect of life on earth. Petroculture emerges as a base dimension in the post-modern world as oil serves as the base ingredient of human life. Environment devastation is a pressing issue characterized by widespread destruction of ecosystems, deforestation, pollution, and loss of biodiversity. The high need of the hour is to mitigate the impact of environmental degradation and protect the planet for future generations. Oil pollution is a significant environmental threat caused by oil spills from transportation accidents, offshore drilling, and illegal dumping. The adverse effect transposes to contamination of water bodies, harming marine life, and damaging ecosystems. The petrofiction Oil on Water written by Helon Habila places the central issue of oil spillages in the Niger Delta. This paper focuses on Petroculture in the routine life of inhabitants of the Niger Delta as portrayed in Habila's Oil on Water.

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Petroculture, anthropocentrism, oil spillages, environment

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 Abstract

Oral dosage form are most popular among other dosage form. In terms of bioavailability liquid dosage form is better than that of solid dosage form. In the present scenario monophasic liquid dosage forms such as syrups ,elixirs , throat paints, mouth washes, Gargles have gained huge popularity. These are very basic preparations which involve brief processes machineries and are cost effective also. Pomegranate fruit, peels, fruit juice contains various bioactive compounds viz. polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acid and dietary fibres .

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Pomegranate Peels, Cough, Pomegranate peel extract , Elixir, Ethanol, Co-precipitation method

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 Abstract

This analytical study investigates the awareness and utilization of e-resources and services at the Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Central Library, Bangalore University. Through a comprehensive analysis of data collected from 560 respondents, including PG students, research scholars, and faculty members, the study reveals significant reliance on digital resources for academic and research purposes. Key findings highlight the popularity of web-based services such as OPAC and scholarly publication databases, along with high-frequency usage of e-resources. Specific preferences for databases and e-book providers are identified, emphasizing the importance of catering to diverse academic needs. Additionally, the study underscores the significance of infrastructure, particularly internet facilities, in supporting library services and enhancing user experience.

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Babasaheb Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Central Library, Bangalore University, e-resources and services, Library facilities.

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Gender Discrimination occurs when a person is treated negatively (or) unequally based on their gender. It includes restricted access to education, jobs and healthcare, unequal pay, sexual harassment and much more. Dalit Women in India have been vulnerably situated at the bottom of both caste and gender discrimination and violence as the consequence of deeply imbalanced economic, social and their socio-economic vulnerability, and political power equations coupled with the double risk factors of being Dalit and female.

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Oppressive caste system, Gender Practices

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The world runs on new development and new smart technologies, everything is going smart and easy way to human life. The main goal is to develop a web application on digital educational platform for to connect with student using different ways. Web application on digital educational platform involves a wide range of activities, designed for improving the application student and staff performance. As to make smarter, in the application HTML, CSS & JavaScript language are used as frontend & My SQL is used for backend to develop the web application, In the main connection point, you can view about mission and vision. The faculties' details and facilities of the department are also listed. Then the Occasion posting page is there, here the administrator can post the occasion which is coordinated by the association. Then the login page will be in the first interface. By using it, login into the page and choose any one of the options listed. Then, the archive or material transfer/refreshes in the application. Here the subject related archives are additionally transferred and the staff individuals can see the transferred reports.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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HTML,SQL,CSS,JAVASCRIPT

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Migrant labourers, denoted as individuals who relocate from one jurisdiction to another in pursuit of occupational opportunities or enhanced living standards, typically eschewing permanent settlement intentions, thereby proffering their services on a transitory, often seasonal, basis, have persistently confronted instances of discrimination and exploitation perpetrated by contractors, agents, and employers, constituting egregious violations of human rights. Migrants commonly encounter impediments in accessing indigenous health and social amenities, and are susceptible to rights deprivation, either owing to their undocumented status or due to impediments in availing judicial redress. In acknowledgment of the systemic exploitation endured by interstate migrant labourers, the legislative body of India promulgated several statutes, including The Minimum Wages Act, 1948, The Payment of Wages Act, 1936, The Factories Act, 1948, and notably, the Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979. The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 was legislatively conceived with the explicit objective of overseeing the employment of interstate migrant labourers, enhancing their labour conditions, and addressing associated concerns. The ongoing scholarly inquiry undertakes an examination of the statutory safeguards afforded to interstate migrant labourers, scrutinizing the efficacy of the Inter-state Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1979 through a comprehensive empirical inquiry conducted within the brick kiln establishments situated in the Bathinda district of Punjab.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Migrant workers, Inter-State migration, Labor Protection, Human rights violations, Brick kilns.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition