Volume 14 | Issue 4

 Abstract

The ability to generate convincing synthetic audio, image, and video content has introduced significant challenges for the verification of digital media authenticity. Deepfake manipulation techniques can closely replicate real-world media characteristics, rendering single-modality and manual detection approaches ineffective in many practical scenarios. To address this issue, this work implements a multimodal deepfake detection system that processes audio, image, and video inputs through independent yet coordinated analysis pipelines. The proposed framework adopts modality-specific preprocessing and feature extraction strategies, followed by dedicated classification models tailored to the characteristics of each media type. Audio inputs are analysed using a machine learning-based classifier, while image and video content are evaluated using convolutional neural networks designed to capture spatial and frame-level manipulation artifacts. Experimental evaluation on benchmark datasets confirms the system's ability to accurately differentiate authentic content from manipulated media across all modalities. The modular structure of the framework supports extensibility and makes it suitable for deployment in forensic analysis, media verification, and security-oriented applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Deepfake Detection, Audio Deepfake, Image Deepfake, Video Deepfake, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Multimedia Forensics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study aimed to assess the psychological problems among first year GNM nursing students studying at District Sindhudurg. A descriptive research design was adopted, and a non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 60 students. Data were collected using a structured dichotomous questionnaire, and relevant information was also supported by secondary data from articles and internet sources. The findings revealed that the majority of students, 41 (68.3%), had good mental well-being with no psychological problems, while 18 (30%) students experienced anxiety and only 1 (1.7%) student reported stress related to hostel and school environment. No cases of depression or other psychological problems were found among the students. The study was limited to those students who were present and willing to participate during data collection. The findings emphasize the importance of early identification and management of psychological problems, and highlight the role of community health nurses in promoting the physical, psychological, social, and environmental well-being of students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Psychological Problems, Nursing Students, Stress, Anxiety, Assessment, Mental Well-being

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The paper attempts to analyse income volatility and source of occupation worries for the handloom weavers at Mangalagiri in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The study reveals wage inadequacy, unpredictable income and long hours of work as the chief problems among the weavers. The handloom sector is embedded in the Indian rural economy and millions of weaver households in traditional clusters depend on it for their subsistence and livelihood. Mangalagiri a GI tagged handloom cluster in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh is known for its unique cotton fabrics and at the same time one of the most poverty stricken weaver community in the state. The paper focuses on the level of income instability and occupational malady among the handloom workers with special reference to wages and working hours, and is based on field survey data obtained from 140 samples taken up in 2024. On the whole, the paper presents a comprehensive analysis of socio demographic characteristics, indicators of income variability, underpayment and overtime work by means of descriptive statistics, percentage analysis and cross-tabulations through chi-square association test. The results show that 75.7 percent of workers have fluctuating incomes, 70 percent earn lower than minimum wage, 85 percent work without written wage contracts, and 82.9 percent have no social protection. There is statistically significant evidence of gender discrimination in wages, and of a positive correlation between the irregular work order and the debt burden of the household. The study is concluded by suggesting policy instrument with justification concerning wage formalization, cooperative work distribution, gender parity enforcement and extension of social security integration to Mangalagiri's handloom weaver community.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Handloom workers, income instability, wages, working hours, Mangalagiri, weaving, occupational problems

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) peel, Dietary fibre, functional food development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this 21st century, in the era of globalization and digital advancement, just when science has achieved milestones touching the sky, nature repeatedly warn us with its vigilant bells. Even though today we have conquered the world with the blessings of science, there remains no opportunity to deny the exploitation of nature. Every nation must be conscious of how to protect nature, how to shield it from the hands of destruction. At such times when various policies, agendas, principles, and laws are being implemented to protect nature, it becomes crucial for us to be aware of nature's contribution and understand its essence. The relationship between humans and nature needs to be properly understood. A comprehensive understanding of who bears the greatest responsibility for the preservation of nature is of utmost importance. Therefore, the value of loving nature and the environmental education of the globally renowned nature enthusiast Rabindranath Tagore are more relevant today than ever before. In the twentieth century, when he speculated on nature's terrifying indifference, we find direct evidence in his writings. He repeatedly showed us with his vision, how the relationship between humans and nature should be, how to nurture nature, what kind of bond we should have with it. Hence, the paper made an attempt to understand the thought of Tagore, keeping in mind a global relevance in the contemporary era. Rabindranath portrayed his educational vision in his dream land, Santiniketan and Sriniketan. Tagore's prescient approach serves as the blueprint to solve the global hazards. This study is aiming to instill the right attitude, along with environmental awareness to understand the relationship between man and nature. His global vision was to anticipate the future state of nature. If we adhere to his path and actions, then we will be able to restore our golden earth. His nature education has the potential to prevent the endless destruction of nature. Therefore, without delay, we must follow his ideals and return to the lap of nature. Tagore's creations and works provide us with the guidance we need on this path.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Environmental Education, Sustainable Society, Rabindranath Tagore

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents the development and implementation of an Arduino-based weather station leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology for real-time environmental monitoring. The system is designed to measure and log critical weather parameters, including Air Quality/Gas Detector, rainfall detection and temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure using sensors such as the BMP280. The data collected is transmitted via an ESP32 Board to the Thing Speak IoT platform, enabling remote access to real-time weather information from anywhere in the world. The weather station is particularly suited for applications in agriculture, disaster management, and controlled environments such as industrial and residential areas, where continuous monitoring of climatic conditions is essential. The recorded data not only supports real-time decision-making but also aids in analysing weather patterns and studying climate changes. This implementation highlights the potential of integrating IoT with microcontroller-based systems to create cost-effective, accessible, and reliable weather monitoring solutions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IoT, Weather Monitoring, Node MCU, Real-Time Data, ThingSpeak, Sensors

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Big Five personality traits among adults belonging to the age group of 25-65 years. Childhood experiences have been considered to be of vital importance in influencing psychological development. Adverse experiences in childhood have been associated with different emotional and behavioral consequences in adulthood. However, there has been relatively less research on exploring the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and personality traits in the Indian context. The present study has employed quantitative research design and correlational research method for collecting data from 75 - 100 participants through the use of snowball and convenience methods. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Questionnaire and Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) are used for collecting data. The present study has employed Pearson's correlation coefficient for analyzing the data. The present study is intended to offer insight into the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and personality traits such as Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of personality development from a developmental and cultural perspective.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Personality Traits, Big Five, Adults, Psychological Development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The poetry of William Wordsworth occupies a pivotal place in the intellectual history of Romanticism, particularly in its reconfiguration of the relationship between human consciousness and the natural world. Romantic criticism has often interpreted Wordsworth's nature philosophy through European intellectual traditions such as idealism, pantheism, and Christian mysticism. Yet the conceptual vocabulary through which Wordsworth articulates the unity between mind and nature also invites comparison with philosophical insights articulated in the Upanishads, especially the idea of an underlying spiritual unity between individual consciousness and universal reality. The Upanishadic conception of Atman as identical with Brahman presents a non-dual understanding of existence in which the apparent distinction between subject and object dissolves within a deeper metaphysical unity. Wordsworth's major poems frequently evoke a similar intuition of inward presence within nature, suggesting that consciousness participates in a living spiritual continuum that transcends material perception. This study examines selected poems including Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, The Prelude, and Ode: Intimations of Immortality, exploring how Wordsworth's representation of nature resonates with philosophical structures comparable to Vedantic non-duality. The analysis proceeds through close reading informed by comparative philosophy and Romantic literary criticism. Rather than proposing direct textual borrowing, the discussion approaches these resonances as conceptual affinities that illuminate the metaphysical depth of Wordsworth's poetic imagination. By situating Wordsworth's poetry within a broader philosophical conversation between Western Romanticism and Indian metaphysical thought, the study contributes to a more globally situated understanding of Romantic nature philosophy and demonstrates how poetic language can function as a medium for exploring the unity of consciousness and existence.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Wordsworth, Romanticism, Upanishads, Advaita Vedanta, Nature Philosophy, Consciousness, Non-duality, Romantic Ecology, Comparative Philosophy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Coil winding is a critical manufacturing process in the electrical and electronics industry, widely used in the production of transformers, inductors, relays, solenoids, and motor windings. Conventional manual coil winding methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human errors such as inconsistent turn count and non-uniform winding tension, which directly affect product quality and performance. To overcome these limitations, this project presents the design and development of a low-cost, microcontroller-based Automatic Coil Winding Machine that ensures precise turn counting, improved accuracy, and enhanced operational efficiency.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Stepper Motor Control, DC Motor Drive, Microcontroller-Based System, Arduino Controller

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the impact of higher education on women's attitudes towards marriage. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used, and data were collected through an online survey using the Marital Attitude Scale (MAS). Participants were grouped based on educational qualification (graduates and postgraduates and above). Data were analyzed using R software, and an independent samples t-test was conducted to compare group differences. Findings suggest that higher education influences women's perceptions and expectations regarding marriage.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Higher education; women; marital attitude; marriage perception; Marital Attitude Scale (MAS)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abha Dawesar's 'Babyji' a provocative exploration of Sexual autonomy, conspiracy of silence and marginalization of the Lesbian self-focused upon the protagonist Anamika Sharma who navigates her lesbian self in a world that has no linguistic and social slot for her identity. Dawesar's portrayal of sexual autonomy is not merely a pursuit of pleasure but a subversive tool of the marginal lesbian identity to dismantle intersectional aspects of a heteronormative society. There are an erasure and obscurity shadowing the true lesbian identity revealing the conspiracy of silence where family and society know about the non-conforming but do not accept as a matter of shame. The silence marginalizes denying lesbianism as a valid identity and renders sexual autonomy not to break the silence.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Silence, Marginalization, Linguistic Erasure, Class, Power, Domestic Interior

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cloud adoption has accelerated faster than operational standardization, creating a persistent gap between infrastructure capability and daily manageability. Existing studies describe this gap through vendor lock-in, fragmented governance, and inconsistent automation practices. This paper addresses that gap with Nebula, an implementation-driven AWS orchestration platform that consolidates provisioning, inventory synchronization, health monitoring, and cost visibility into a single control surface. The system combines React for interface unification, FastAPI for service orchestration, PostgreSQL for persistent metadata, Celery and Redis for asynchronous execution, and terraform for reproducible AWS infrastructure workflows. The manuscript contributes both architecture and evidence. From a design perspective, it demonstrates how a layered orchestration model can decouple user-facing workflows from long-running cloud operations while preserving traceability and security controls. From an empirical perspective, the study reports observed project values: 25 AWS resources tracked with 8 active virtual machines, a sampled AWS cost of $580.0 (EC2: $350.0, S3: $150.0, VPC: $80.0) for 2024-02-01 to 2024-02-11, provider-health latency of 145 milliseconds, 10-minute synchronization cadence, and sub-100 milliseconds API acknowledgement under concurrent load. These findings indicate that practical cloud standardization is achievable without sacrificing responsiveness. Although the evaluated deployment is AWS-specific, the approach establishes a defensible technical baseline for controlled expansion to multi-cloud operation in future work

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AWS orchestration, Infrastructure as Code, Terraform, Celery, cloud standardization, SaaS platform, Nebula, Multi-Cloud Orchestration

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ???????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????-????????????? ??? ??????????????????? ??????? ??????

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

?????????????????, ????????????, ??????????????, ???, ????????, ????:, ????, ??????, ????????????????

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Corporate governance has evolved as a cornerstone of modern corporate regulation, where it ensures transparency and accountability and provides protection towards shareholders. In India, the corporate governance mainly came after the economic liberalization in 1909 and also major corporate scandals. This paper is focusing on corporate governance in India by critically examining the its legal framework, regulatory mechanism, institutional developments and its challenges also. The study highlights the Companies Act 2013, SEBI regulations and judicial cases in shaping governance norms. Instead of seeing much progress seen in governance, there are also issues present, such as promoter dominance, board independence concerns and enforcement issues also present. This paper concludes with the recommendations aimed at strengthening enforcement, enhancing board professionalism and also improving stakeholders' participation to align with the best Indian practices with global best interests.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Corporate governance, SEBI Regulation, Board independence and Shareholder Protection.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Acute cholecystitis is commonly caused by cystic duct obstruction, but unrecognized anatomical variants, such as an accessory cystic duct, can cause significant pathological variations and surgical complications. We report a case of a 40-year-old male who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis. Despite the successful clipping of the primary cystic duct and artery, the patient presented on the 19th postoperative day with biliary peritonitis. Diagnostic laparotomy and subsequent ERCP revealed a persistent leak originating from an accessory cystic duct. Given that approximately 10% of the population possesses anomalous biliary anatomy, this case highlights the clinical importance of identifying aberrant ducts to prevent delayed biliary peritonitis and the necessity of secondary surgical intervention.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Accessory Cystic Duct , Cholecystitis, Biliary Peritonitis, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Anatomical Variation , ERCP .

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Commercialization of traditional agriculture and shift towards crop diversification: A study in the context of Chaumu tehsil of Jaipur district

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Commercialization of traditional agriculture and shift towards crop diversification: A study in the context of Chaumu tehsil of Jaipur district

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Online job portals have expanded significantly in recent years, enabling organizations to reach a large pool of applicants efficiently. However, this growth has also led to an increase in fraudulent job postings, posing financial and privacy risks to job seekers and reducing trust in legitimate recruitment platforms. Manual identification of such postings is often inconsistent and impractical due to the large volume of listings. Recent studies have explored machine learning techniques for detecting fraudulent job postings using textual data [1]-[3]. In this study, multiple machine learning classifiers are evaluated using a publicly available Kaggle dataset containing job descriptions and related attributes [4]. The textual data is transformed into numerical form using a TF-IDF representation, and a combination of linear, tree-based, and ensemble models is trained and evaluated under a consistent experimental setup to ensure fair comparison [5], [6]. Given the imbalanced nature of the dataset, performance is assessed using precision, recall, and F1-score rather than accuracy alone. The results indicate that ensemble and boosting-based models achieve superior performance, particularly in terms of minority-class recall and F1-score [7], [8], highlighting their suitability for real-world fraud detection scenarios where undetected fraudulent postings can have significant consequences.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fake Job Posting Detection, Machine Learning Classifiers, Text Classification, TF-IDF, Ensemble Learning

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid proliferation of Android-based smartphones has made mobile devices the single most significant repository of forensically relevant evidence in contemporary criminal investigations. Existing digital forensic tools treat data acquisition and malware analysis as independent concerns, forcing investigators to operate across fragmented workflows that increase both processing time and interpretive risk. This paper introduces the Hybrid Android Forensic Framework (HAFF), a unified four-module pipeline that performs logical data extraction from Android devices via the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), concurrent multi-tier malware detection through permission analysis, signature matching, and behavioural heuristics, and synthesises findings through a weighted correlation and risk scoring engine before producing automated, court-admissible reports. Evaluated across 120 Android devices spanning OS versions 8.0 through 13.0, and a labelled corpus of 340 application samples, HAFF achieved a malware detection accuracy of 94.3%, a false-positive rate of 3.1%, and reduced average investigation time by 61% relative to manual forensic methodologies. The framework demonstrates strong operational utility for law enforcement and digital forensic practitioners, presenting a reproducible, extensible architecture that addresses a clear and previously unmet gap in the mobile forensics literature. Keywords: Android forensics, logical data extraction, ADB, malware detection, permission analysis, risk scoring, digital evidence, SQLite forensics, mobile cybercrime investigation

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Android Forensics, Logical Data Extraction, Mobile Forensics, Malware Detection, Digital Evidence Analysis, ADB (Android Debug Bridge), SQLite Database Analysis, Cybercrime Investigation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Varicose veins of the lower limb are a common vascular disorder resulting from valvular incompetence and venous reflux, most frequently involving the great saphenous vein. Among the various treatment modalities, stripping and ligation remains a well-established and effective surgical technique, particularly in resource-limited settings. This procedure involves high ligation of the saphenofemoral junction to eliminate reflux, followed by removal of the incompetent vein using a break wire cable (vein stripper). The break wire cable facilitates controlled stripping of the vein, ensuring effective removal with minimal residual segments. This method provides good symptomatic relief, reduces recurrence rates when performed adequately, and is cost-effective compared to newer endovenous techniques. Despite the increasing use of minimally invasive procedures such as laser and radiofrequency ablation, stripping and ligation continues to play a significant role in the management of varicose veins, especially in patients with extensive disease or where advanced facilities are not available.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Varicose vein ,Venous Insufficiency, Stripping and Ligation,Great saphenous vein,Vein Stripping,Break Wire Cable Technique, High Ligation Phlebectomy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र “हिन्दू” अवधारणा का वैज्ञानिक, तार्किक एवं सभ्यतागत विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। अध्ययन का उद्देश्य यह स्पष्ट करना है कि “हिन्दू” शब्द धर्म, संस्कृति, सभ्यता, जीवन-दृष्टि अथवा इन सभी के समन्वित रूप का सूचक है। इस शोध में ऐतिहासिक, पाठ-विश्लेषणात्मक तथा तुलनात्मक पद्धतियों के माध्यम से वैदिक, उपनिषदिक, पुराणिक, अभिलेखीय और विदेशी स्रोतों का सम्यक् अध्ययन किया गया है। “हिन्दू” शब्द की व्युत्पत्ति सामान्यतः ‘सिंधु’ से मानी जाती है, जिसका प्रारंभिक रूपांतरण प्राचीन फारसी प्रयोगों में दिखाई देता है। भारतीय ग्रंथों में इस भूभाग को ‘भारतवर्ष’, ‘आर्यावर्त’ और ‘जम्बूद्वीप’ जैसे नामों से अभिहित किया गया है। “एकं सद्विप्रा बहुधा वदन्ति” और “वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्” जैसे आदर्श हिन्दू चिंतन की उदारता, सहिष्णुता और वैश्विक मानवतावाद को अभिव्यक्त करते हैं। अध्ययन से यह निष्कर्ष प्राप्त होता है कि “हिन्दू” केवल एक धर्म नहीं, बल्कि एक बहुआयामी सांस्कृतिक, दार्शनिक और सभ्यतागत परंपरा है, जिसने भारतीय समाज को दीर्घकाल तक विचार, आचार और सामाजिक संरचना के स्तर पर प्रभावित और एकसूत्रित किया है।

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

हिन्दू, हिन्दू धर्म, संस्कृति, सभ्यता, सनातन धर्म, भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा, वेद, वेदान्त, सिंधु।

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition