Volume 11 | Issue 4

 Abstract

India social structure is based on caste system. It is matter of shame that the Indian culture, which gave the message of world-brotherhood, but call some of its own brother's untouchables. After independence, the influence of caste in political field has increased. Whereas, the influence of casteism in social and economic life (such as the standard of living of dalits, poverty, education, literacy, income, employment, health) has decreased to some extent, in politics it has increased. The study has been framed with the objective to access the influence of casteism on social and economic life of the dalits and with special reference to Indian politics. Indian politics changed dramatically after the Mandal commission issue hit the national consciousness. In the present paper we have tried to explore movements of dalit in India and provisions made in the constitution of India for improving the conditions of dalits to bring them at par with other members of society and with the objective to access the influence of casteism not on social and economic life of the dalits and with special reference to Indian politics. For this purpose data was collected through secondary sources. We have found that as the development movements of dalits is increasing day by day and the role of casteism is also influencing Indian democracy.

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Casteism, Social Structure and Democracy

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The use of over-the-top (OTT) services as a source of entertainment by young adults has grown. Research indicates that excessive use of these platforms may have psychological impacts on young adults, including addiction, social isolation, and poor mental health, even while they provide ease and a diversity of information. Additionally, the algorithms employed by these platforms have the potential to amplify filter bubbles and promote prejudices and preconceived notions. To lessen these harmful consequences, it is crucial for young adults to be aware of their consumption and practice appropriate media practices.

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OTT platforms, Psychological effects, Young adults, Mental health, Social skills

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The implementation of an IoT-based smart night patrolling robot is presented in this paper, utilizing an Arduino Uno, camera module, sound sensor, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, motors, Nodemcu, and buzzer. The proposed robot is designed to autonomously patrol a designated area and capture images and videos of the area using the camera module. The ultrasonic sensor is used to detect obstacles and prevent collisions, while the sound sensor is used to detect unusual sounds and alert the user. The buzzer is included to provide an audible alarm in case of any significant disturbance in the patrolling area. The robot is designed to move around and change directions using the motor driver and motors, which are operated by an Arduino Uno. The Nodemcu provides internet connectivity, enabling remote monitoring and control. The proposed system can be used for a variety of applications, such as surveillance and security, and has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of night patrolling operations. The proposed system is developed at a low cost, making it accessible to a wider range of users. The implementation of the proposed system has been tested, and the results indicate that the system is efficient and effective in detecting and responding to environmental stimuli. The system is controlled using a web-based interface, and the users can monitor and control the system remotely.

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Arduino Uno, camera module, sound sensor, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, motors, Nodemcu, and buzzer.

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This paper presents an IoT based smart trolley system for automated billing using RFID, ultrasonic sensor, Nodemcu, Arduino Uno, BO motors, WIFI module, buzzer, LCD, and webserver. The proposed system aims to provide a convenient and efficient way of shopping by automating the billing process. The system employs RFID technology to identify the products placed in the trolley and ultrasonic sensors to detect the distance of the trolley from obstacles. The trolley is powered by four BO motors controlled by an Arduino Uno and a Nodemcu is used to connect the system to the internet. The WIFI module enables the user to connect to the system through a mobile app to control the trolley movement, while the buzzer and LCD provide real-time feedback to the user. The webserver facilitates the management of the inventory and generates to show an electronic bill for the customer. The cart overall information and total value will be displayed on the own webpage

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buzzer

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Solid waste management is a major issue in many cities, with overflowing and improperly disposed of garbage causing health and environmental problems. We here propose an IoT Based system to overcome this problem. A smart dustbin system that uses IoT, Nodemcu, Arduino Uno, two ultrasonic sensors, a gas sensor, a buzzer, a servo motor, and an LCD module can greatly improve the management of solid waste. The system detects the level of garbage inside the dustbin using ultrasonic sensors and alerts the user when the dustbin needs to be emptied. It also detects harmful gases produced by the garbage using a gas sensor and alerts the user using a buzzer. The device will monitor the real time data and continuously show real time value on LCD display. The servo motor is used to open and close the lid of the dustbin automatically, providing a more convenient and hygienic way of disposing of garbage. The system is connected to the internet using Nodemcu and is controlled remotely using the Webserver Platform. This smart dustbin system can help reduce the spread of harmful gases, provide a more efficient way of managing solid waste, and ultimately contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment.

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 Keywords

Arduinouno, IoT, NodeMCU, Webserver, Gas Sensor

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The IoT-based Smart Inventory Management System is an automated system designed to manage inventory efficiently using the Arduino Uno, Nodemcu, three IR sensors, Load cell sensor, Status LED, and Ultrasonic sensor. This system utilizes the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) to provide real-time data on inventory levels, making it easier to manage and maintain inventory. The IR sensors detect the quantity of goods in the inventory, while the ultrasonic sensors are used to detect the presence and level of inventory items. The system incorporates load cell sensors to accurately measure the weight of items in inventory and convert it into quantity count by dividing the total weight by the weight of a single item. The collected data is transmitted to the cloud using the Nodemcu, and the Status LED indicates the status of the inventory, making it easy to monitor the system. The system is user-friendly and can be operated through a web or mobile interface, providing a convenient and efficient way to manage inventory. Overall, the IoT-based Smart Inventory Management System helps businesses reduce their inventory management costs and improve their operational efficiency.

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IoT

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The aim of the study was to construct and standardize a tool called: the techno-pedagogical content knowledge response scale (TPACK) for teachers so that they could evaluate their content, pedagogical, and technological knowledge and upgrade themselves in accordance with future needs. The test was administered to a total of 200 prospective teachers, selected from the urban area of Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh State. Data were collected on a total of 79 items constructed. t-test on a total of 79 items of upper30 and lower 30 students were calculated. Then the items were selected and rejected according to the t-test. 28 items were eliminated, and 51 items got selected for the final draft of the TPACK scale, which was then proceeded for item analysis. The reliability of the tool was taken out through the Cronbach alpha method which is 0.88. The parallel reliability test is .0.8. The construct validity of the test was established through the Pearson correlation method through SPSS software, and content validity through experts.

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TPACK Scale, Item Analysis, Reliability, Validity, Norms

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 Abstract

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Robot, Arduino ,Bluetooth app.

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Capital expenditures (CAPEX) are investments made by companies to acquire, upgrade, or maintain fixed assets such as property, plant, and equipment. The impact of capital expenditure on shares can be significant, as it can affect the a company's profitability, growth potential, and overall value. This abstract aims to explore the relationship between capital expenditure and shares, examining how CAPEX decisions can affect the stock market performance of a company. The study will analyze the factors that influence CAPEX decisions, the impact of CAPEX on earnings and cash flow, and how CAPEX decisions can affect a company's risk profile. The results of this study will provide valuable insights for investors seeking to make informed decisions about investing in companies that make significant CAPEX investments.

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CAPEX, Stock market, Investment, Shares, Risk profile

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 Abstract

According to a recent poll, water has become a major concern due to reduced rain fall and a rise in population in many places. People are suffering as a result of this problem since they do not have enough for their daily requirements. Water cannot be delivered efficiently due to a lack of monitoring; certain portions of the city receive water while others do not; hence, continual monitoring, water supply scheduling, and proper distribution are required. Other issues include excessive usage, tank overflow, pipeline leaks, and interruptions in water delivery. Water is a basic need for every human being. Many times, due to a lack of monitoring, overflow of these overhead tanks can occur, wasting a lot of water. Another issue is that overflow in the pipelines with more pressure can cause pipeline damage, and leakage detection is another issue. All of these issues are caused by a lack of monitoring, manual work, and a lack of man power. Before beginning this project, I conducted a study of Bangalore city to better understand water supply distribution and system challenges. After doing the survey, I discovered that all of the labor is manual and that a better technology is required to ensure appropriate distribution. This allows the consumer to adjust their water consumption without incurring additional costs. If the consumer consumes too much water, the supplier will cut off the water supply. The fundamental purpose of this project is to ensure that there is no wastage or blockage in the delivery of water to all homes, as well as to create water bills for specific families utilizing IoT platforms. To put this system together, we'll be using Arduino. Water how sensors and a valve to regulate the water from the tank ultrasonic sensor provides a sequence of electric pulses through which the user's water use, flow rate, can be determined.

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ARDUINO UNO, BLUETOOTHMODULE, DC MOTOR, LCD

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The focus of the content is on the use of facial recognition technology for automating attendance management in educational institutions. It highlights the drawbacks of traditional manual attendance systems due to human errors and time consumption. The content introduces facial recognition technology as a solution that uses Machine Learning algorithms to accurately identify and track students' attendance without additional hardware. It discusses the benefits of using facial recognition technology, such as reducing the workload on teachers, improving accuracy, generating real-time insights into student performance, and providing a safer option for attendance management. The content emphasizes the importance of implementing facial recognition technology for modernizing attendance management in educational institutionsThe focus of the content is on the use of facial recognition technology for automating attendance management in educational institutions. It highlights the drawbacks of traditional manual attendance systems due to human errors and time consumption. The content introduces facial recognition technology as a solution that uses Machine Learning algorithms to accurately identify and track students' attendance without additional hardware. It discusses the benefits of using facial recognition technology, such as reducing the workload on teachers, improving accuracy, generating real-time insights into student performance, and providing a safer option for attendance management. The content emphasizes the importance of implementing facial recognition technology for modernizing attendance management in educational institutions

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Face recognition, Attendance, College, Schools, Automation

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Finding relationships and patterns among varied data has become much simpler with the use of machine learning technology. The major task of this research is to determine the type of crime that might occur given the place where it has already happened.Using a training set of data that has undergone data cleansing and data transformation, we have developed a model using the machine learning idea. Criminal activity is expanding exponentially in modern society. The police's main obstacle is effectively identifying criminals to prevent crime; however, there are not enough police officers available.Although there are many technical ways to catch thieves, many methods fall short. In this project, a machine learning algorithm is used to create a face detection and recognition system for criminal identification. This system will be able to distinguish criminals' 3D faces in real-time and automatically detect their faces. The one shot learning technique used by this system would also just need a single photograph of the culprit to identify him. The goal is to recognise the criminal face, retrieve the data from the database for the recognised criminal, and send a notification to the police staff with all the details and the place where he was being watched by the camera.

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Machine learning Crime prediction Data cleansing Data transformation Criminal activity Police officers Face detection Recognition system 3D faces Real-time detection One shot learning Culprit identification Database retrieval Notification Camera surveillance

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 Abstract

In today's environment, digital approaches for measuring any quantity are required. Because current gasoline meters are analog, we are attempting to digitize them in order to display the fuel value digitally. In our project, we display the amount of fuel in the fuel tank digitally, such as 1 liter, 1.5 liter, 2 liter, and so on. Fuel theft is also a major issue all around the world. With our solution, if gasoline is stolen, a text message is sent to the owner of the bike, and a buzzer produces a noise to alert the owner of the bike. In typical car systems, such as displaying fuel availability digitally and preventing bike fuel theft, such systems are not implemented. The oil is one of the most significant assets in our modern world, engine oil inventory management is a crucial monitoring and control application. Vehicle oil expenditures may account for up to one-third of the total cost of maintaining a fleet. One of the most important strategies to cut running expenses and enhance efficiency is to have precise oil monitoring systems for engines. In our project, we display the amount of oil in an oil tank digitally, such as 1lit, 1.5lits, 2lits, and so on. Such a system is incorporated in the vehicle system, such as digitally displaying oil availability. Fuel theft is also a major issue all around the world.unusual patterns. In the event of a fuel theft, the system can detect the anomaly and immediately notify the authorized personnel through SMS, email, or an alarm system. The system can also track the location of the fuel theft, allowing for quick and efficient recovery of the stolen fuel. Overall, this technology provides a comprehensive solution to fuel management and theft prevention, ensuring that businesses can operate with greater efficiency and security

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Keywords--ARDUINOUNO, IOT,FLOW SENSOR,ULTRASONIC SENSOR

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 Abstract

The use of electric vehicles (EVs) has been increasing due to the need for sustainable transportation. However, the main challenge of EVs is the limited range of travel, which depends on the capacity of the battery. In order to ensure reliable and efficient use of EVs, it is necessary to monitor the state of the battery. Therefore, an IoT-based battery monitoring system can be used to track the health of the battery. The proposed IoT-based battery monitoring system for electric vehicles comprises of battery sensors, microcontroller, wireless communication module, and cloud server. The battery sensors measure the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery and send the data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller processes the data and transmits it to the cloud server through the wireless communication module. The cloud server stores the data and analyzes it to generate insights about the battery's health. The IoT-based battery monitoring system provides real-time monitoring of the battery's state, including its voltage, current, and temperature. This information can be used to optimize the performance of the battery and prolong its lifespan. The data generated by the system can also be used to predict the remaining range of the EV, which can help the driver plan the journey more efficiently. Electric vehicles are popular for transportation in the current world and are taking the place of conventional vehicles since they provide a pollution-free environment. Several battery types, including lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal batteries, and solid-state batteries, are utilized in electric cars. The Lithium battery is the most recommended of these battery kinds. Since it is more efficient than conventional batteries and has a high energy content per unit of mass. It can also be recycled. In this study, an Internet of Things-based battery management system is suggested. This this project, observing the display of the car utilizing IoT approaches is proposed in this study, thus the testing should be apparent. The design and development of an IoT-enabled battery monitoring system. Monitoring entails keeping an eye on critical operating factors like as voltage, smoke, and temperature during charging and discharging. This is a hardware-timed sensor system that monitors and reports different variables such as temperature, voltage, and smoke on IOT so you can see when everything has achieved the correct value. In today's hectic environment, electric vehicles play an important role in mobility. Electric vehicles (EVs) produce no emissions and help to keep our environment clean. To help the global environment grow green, the Indian government has tackled and launched the upgrading and manufacture of electric cars in the country. Electric vehicles improve power efficiency and provide fuel alternatives. EVs are battery electric vehicles that run entirely on energy and are more efficient than others. A hybrid electric vehicle is one that uses both an engine and a battery. A fuel cell electric car is one that operates on electricity generated by chemical energy. Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable transportation. However, one of the major challenges in EVs is the limited range of travel, which is dependent on the capacity and health of the battery. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the state of the battery to ensure the reliable and efficient use of EVs. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant attention in various industries, including automotive, due to its potential to provide real-time monitoring and control of devices remotely. The application of IoT in EVs can improve the performance and efficiency of the battery, as well as enhance the driving experience of the users. This paper proposes an IoT-based battery monitoring system for electric vehicles. The system consists of battery sensors, microcontroller, wireless communication module, and cloud server. The battery sensors measure the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery and send the data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller processes the data and transmits it to the cloud server through the wireless communication module. The cloud server stores the data and analyzes it to generate insights about the battery's health. The proposed system provides real-time monitoring of the battery's state, enabling the optimization of the battery's performance and prolonging its lifespan. Moreover, the data generated by the system can be used to predict the remaining range of the EV, which can help the driver plan the journey more efficiently.

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 Keywords

ARDUINO UNO, MOTOR, IOT, SENSORS INTRODUCTION

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The application of principles of natural justice is not a new phenomenon in the legal system. It pertains to moral justice and is governed by the laws of equity. The principles of natural justice ensure that a justice is met out to all and not only to one of the parties in a judicial proceeding. One person's justice shouldn't jeopardize it for another. The righteousness of the law lies in maximizing the beneficiaries and decreasing the disadvantaged. This has led to the significance of due process and rule of law in judicial proceedings and the legal system. There exists a close connection between moral principles and legal procedures as per principles of natural justice, rather than being two watertight compartments. Principles of natural justice can be said to be the rules of fair play. It is a common law concept that represents higher procedural aspects developed by courts which every judicial, quasi-judicial, and administrative body must abide by. Natural justice equates with fairness, equality and equity. The concept also extends to a general duty to act fairly and to ensure that fair decision is reached by an objective decision maker. The chance to be heard by an impartial judge is what lies at the heart of the principle and procedural fairness. Ensuring procedural fairness protects individual rights and enhances public trust in the process.

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Natural Justice, Reasonableness, Justice, Equity, Good Conscience.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common and significant complication in diabetic patients, posing a considerable challenge to healthcare providers. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of UTIs in diabetic patients, exploring the prevalence, pathogenesis, risk factors, and management strategies. We discuss the interplay between diabetes and UTIs, highlighting the role of hyperglycemia, immune dysfunction, and other diabetes-associated factors in predisposing individuals to UTIs. Furthermore, we examine the challenges in diagnosis, given the atypical presentation and asymptomatic bacteriuria often observed in diabetic patients. We also delve into the various therapeutic approaches, emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment plans and the need for prompt intervention to prevent complications. Finally, we underscore the necessity for preventative measures, patient education, and ongoing research to improve the overall management of UTIs in this vulnerable population.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI), Antibiotic therapy, Prevalence

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This dissertation presents a comprehensive criminological analysis of the global trends of crime and imprisonment. By utilizing data from various reputable sources, including the National Crime Records Bureau, TATA Trust, and Amnesty International, this study provides a nuanced understanding of the complex factors that contribute to crime and imprisonment worldwide. The author conducted primary research through surveys and interviews with prisoners and other stakeholders in the criminal justice system, and obtained a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the US Department of Justice allowing for the use of their content, demonstrating the significance and potential impact of this research on informing criminal justice policies and practices in the United States and beyond. The study emphasizes the value of criminology in developing evidence-based policies and practices that prioritize the protection of human rights and reduce recidivism globally. As such, this research contributes to a better understanding of imprisonment and crime worldwide, and provides a foundation for future research on this important topic. The holistic approach to criminology, which considers a range of factors beyond the traditional legal and criminal justice system, including the social context, is explored in this dissertation. By emphasizing the interdependence of various factors, such as anthropology, psychology, sociology, culture, politics, forensic psychology, neuro psychology, neuro criminology, nature versus nurture, biology, environment, and spirituality, the holistic approach can provide insights into the complex causes of crime and inform more effective interventions. Specifically, this dissertation examines the impact of social factors such as poverty, social inequality, and discrimination on criminal behavior and how a holistic approach can inform interventions that address these factors to prevent and reduce crime. The findings of this research have important implications for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in the field of criminology, and highlight the potential for a more inclusive and just approach to addressing crime worldwide.

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Criminology, Holistic approach of criminology, Criminal Justice System,

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 Abstract

Background of the study: One of the most frequent and unfavourable effects of stroke is hemiplegia. The upper extremity paralysis has a longer duration of daily disability than the lower extremity paralysis. Gripping, holding, and manipulating items are among the upper extremity's functional recovery activities, and doing so calls for the complex integration of muscle action from the shoulder to the fingertips. Objective: To evaluate and establish the effectiveness of Mirror Therapy on the Motor Function of the Upper Extremity in Stroke Patients at Selected Panipat, Haryana Hospitals and Rehabilitation Centre Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was used in this investigation. Patients were chosen specifically for the control group and the experimental group using a sampling procedure. The current study was carried out on stroke patients in selected Haryana hospitals and rehabilitation facilities. The sample size for the current study was 60, with 30 patients randomly assigned to the control group and 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria placed in the experimental group. To gather the baseline data, the researcher used the clinical and demographic characteristics of stroke patients. After confirming validity and reliability, the data was gathered using the Fugl- Meyer motor assessment tool and the Modified Ashworth Rating Scale for patient satisfaction. After establishing the feasibility and practicability through a pilot research, the primary data collection was carried out. For four weeks, samples in the experimental group received the intervention--mirror therapy--twice daily for 20 minutes on five days a week. Statistics, both descriptive and inferential, were used to analyse the collected data. Results: In the experimental group of samples, 29 (96.7%) of the samples had severe levels of impairment in their upper extremities during the pre-test. In the control group, all 30 samples (100.0%) had substantial impairment during the pre-test. Conclusion: This study confirmed that mirror therapy is beneficial for improving upper-extremity function and self-care when performing activities of daily life.

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Key Words: Effectiveness, Mirror Therapy, Upper Limb, Motor Function, Stroke Clients

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The covid-19 was the newly existing disease that affected the health of the many healthcare employees who worked during a covid pandemic. Due to this pandemic, the healthcare personnel has come across psychological distress and which affected the personal life of the staff workers. Many staffs are afraid while handling the covid patients as it is a new infection globally. Healthcare providers are the most vulnerable group as they handle the infected clients who are covid positive. It is difficult to adjust to a new situation. Individual distress reactions are triggered by a variety of circumstances in life. Workplace changes, financial problems, sleeping and eating habit changes, and illness are all common causes of psychological anguish.

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Healthcare workers, psychological distress, impact on personal life

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Worldwide urbanization is increasing at rapid rate and is responsible for establishment of underprivileged settlements deprived of basic amenities. India has the second largest urban population in the world. With the expansion and spread of urbanization, the population growth in the urban areas has been growing rapidly, since people have migrated from rural to urban areas in search of better jobs and life style. Many countries have facing challenges in providing adequate sanitation for their entire populations, leaving people at risk for water, sanitation, and hygiene related diseases. Safe disposal of waste is essential to maintain the well-being of the people in the urban slums. Sanitation is a key tool of action to maintain the environmental health. This helps in managing waste, providing safe environment, proper drainage system and other health management systems. An in-depth empirical study has been carried out by means of collecting case studies from urban slum to find out their risky hygiene practices, health and sanitation. Collecting water to fulfill their daily chores is highly challenging among people in slum. They do not have proper practice of disposing wastes. Practice of sharing latrine and its improper maintenance has been found in the present study. In this scenario, the present study has been assessing risky hygiene practices and sanitation in Namashivayapuram slum, Chennai.

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Sanitation, Hygiene practices, Health practices, Waste disposal, Slums

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