Volume 5 | Issue 4

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ABSTRACT : The Hindu law vests the guardianship of the minor in the sovereign a parens patriae , and was exercised by the courts. The During the British regime the law of guardianship was developed by the courts. It came to be established that the father is the natural guardian of the children and after his death, mother is the natural guardian of the children and none else can be the natural guardian of minor children. The concept of guardianship has changed from paternal power to the idea of protection in modern times and the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 codifies the laws regarding minority and guardianship with the welfare of the child at the core.

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Guardianship, Minor child, Hindu law, Father and Mother.

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Socialist political philosophy has existed seeing that the beginning of recorded records. It has additionally taken on a incredible quantity of bureaucracy since its emergence in antiquity. But, no principle of socialism has had a greater impact at the contemporary world than the philosophy constructed by using the 19th-century German philosopher Karl Marx. Marx’s theory of socialism originated from (and was an immediate reaction to) the capitalist mode of manufacturing. Marx, specially, focused on the relationship among capitalism as a monetary device and commercial improvement in Western Europe for the duration of the middle of the nineteenth century. Alongside together with his lifelong collaborator, Friedrich Engels (1820–1895), Marx wrote numerous epic volumes that impacted almost all Western political thought from his time via the present. some of Marx’s most influential works, together with the primary quantity of Capital and The Communist Manifesto, have been published all through his lifetime. However, lots of his extensive writings, together with two subsequent volumes of Capital, the German Ideology and the economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, have been published posthumously. In those volumes and in many more portions, Marx advanced an evaluation of industrial capitalism that became each complicated and complete. After his demise in 1883, Marx’s idea becomes repeatedly elevated on with the aid of devotees and detractors alike. Whether or not they offered a brand new interpretation of a specific element of Marxian idea or a rigorous critique of his ideas, all individuals who spoke back to Marx ensured that his thoughts will hold to stay far past his corporeal life. More than a century after his demise, Marx stays the unequivocal “father” of modern-day socialist thought.

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Marxism,Political Perception

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Maximum textbooks on worldwide members of the family (IR) symbolize liberalism as one of the predominant theoretical faculties of the IR area—usually along realism and perhaps a few different much less mainstream tactics like global society, Marxism, constructivism, or feminism. As such, liberalism is normally considered to be the primary competing theoretical method to the dominant IR principle of realism. The common comparisons made among realism and liberalism in the IR literature usually entail realism advancing a pessimistic view of human nature, versus the more optimistic view espoused by means of liberalism. Realists consequently see conflict as the norm in international affairs; at the same time as liberals are greater hopeful approximately the possibilities for peace and international cooperation. Realists are searching for to give an explanation for worldwide politics with the aid of analyzing kingdom-to- nation relations within an anarchical system of mutual mistrust and suspicion, even as liberals keep in mind other international actors, as well as actors and establishments inside the nation, because the underlying reasons of a greater interdependent and law-ruled global.

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Idealism and Liberalism in Political Science

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What explains the divergent development trajectories of various international locations and societies? Why has the growing global failed to near the distance with the industrialized nations? This research paper evaluations the literature through pupils in the Marxist tradition that addresses these and other questions of development, beginning with the writings of Karl Marx, persevering with through the work of Vladimir Lenin, and finishing with the greater recent work of the dependency theorists. This literature is full-size. And like the writings of Marx himself, there are frequently competing or maybe opposing theoretical arguments from pupils considered a part of this culture. Taken together, this literature bureaucracy a long lasting theoretical counterpoint to the liberal economic principle that has informed generations of policymakers from both developed and developing countries.

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Dependency and Development

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Studies of political management, which are frequently implemented to the foreign coverage and disaster control domains, look at how the behavior of man or woman political leaders can have an effect on policymaking methods and how this could have an effect on what forms of decisions are made. This literature attracts on psychology to pick out character characteristics that may have a crucial impact in the political realm and then uses those characteristics as independent variables to provide an explanation for how they could affect the political manner. Those characteristics can be very strong, along with personality traits, or may be more volatile over time and content count number, including cognitions and motives. Man or woman leaders are considered one of three types of selection gadgets that are used to explain varieties of outcome in overseas coverage selection making. Other varieties of choice gadgets are a single organization and a coalition of independent actors. This phase mainly makes a specialty of political leaders.

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Political Leadership

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The Hoysala temple art and structure is a critical architectural characteristic of Indian art records in trendy and Karnataka particularly. The fashion of architecture has now not just risen by using itself and it took hundreds of years to grow to be a matured and well advanced architectural fashion of Hoysala duration. If we communicate beginning and development of artwork and structure in South India, we should check out the foundation and evolution of Badami Chalukya architecture in Karnataka and Pallava architecture in Tamilnadu. Both these dynasties began their test on temples. Badami Chalukyans made test on all of the forms of Indian temple structure and that is the beginning of Vesara style in Karnataka. Similarly in Tamilnadu Pallavas also made experiment and it emerge as makeup sturdy base for the origin of the Dravidian style of architecture in South India.

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The Contribution of Hoysalas to Art and Architecture of Karnataka

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Ethnic war is one of the foremost threats to international peace and safety. The conflicts in the Balkans, Rwanda, Chechnya, Iraq, Israel/Palestine, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Darfur are best the various satisfactory-recognized and deadliest examples. The destabilization of provinces, states, and in a few cases even entire areas are commonplace outcomes of ethnic violence. Ethnic conflicts are regularly followed by gross human rights violations consisting of genocide and crimes in opposition to humanity, economic decline, state failure, environmental troubles, and refugee flows. Violent ethnic war results in first-rate human suffering.

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Ethnic Conflicts- A Study of different Countries

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In 1976, Peter Merkl discovered that the field of comparative politics were woefully poor with admire to the look at of ladies (Merkl, 1976). Few comparative researches on gender existed, almost no shows or panels regarded at professional meetings, and no instructional magazine specialized in the guide of research within the subfield. More than 40 years later, the observe of women, and greater extensively gender, in comparative politics has flourished, becoming a vital place of studies. A current issue of perspectives on Politics committed a whole phase of the magazine to evaluate of comparative politics of gender. This studies paper is supposed as an overview for college kids who wish to gain a standard expertise of the evolution of this discipline of observe. Numerous aspects of the study of women in comparative politics are summarized in this studies paper. the primary segment highlights how the comparative take a look at of ladies and politics has evolved for the reason that Nineteen Seventies, noting an increase inside the wide variety of students inside the field and the recognition of this location of studies into mainstream political technological know-how journals. The second section examines a number of the important thing issues and theories, which includes women and illustration and feminist comparative public policy. The boom of research on gender regimes and the welfare country, kingdom feminism, the formation and implementation of ladies-friendly policies, and they have an impact on of women’s moves on policy debates are supplied. Subsequent, a few realistic implications of those studies are referred to, followed by a discussion of future directions of research.

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Gender and Politics Perspective

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This research paper is supposed as a starting point for supporting students understand the couple of perspectives and various procedures of feminist international members of the family (hereafter referred to as “feminist IR”). Rethinking topics of mainstream worldwide relations (IR) in new ways, feminist IR opinions, expands, and deepens theories and methodologies that specify how international politics have an effect on and can be impacted with the aid of gender. Feminist IR starts off evolved with exposing the experiences of women in worldwide politics, explores how gender is socially built and what the ones social structures do at both the nearby and the worldwide stages, and uses gender as an analytical category in information the interconnectedness of global monetary and political phenomena.

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Feminist International Relations

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One of the conventional challenges of political corporation is the territorial or spatial department of strength. Simply as constitutional engineers, politicians, and philosophers have struggled over the awareness or separation of horizontal (e.g., executive, legislative, and judicial) powers, so too have battles been fought over the distribution of vertical (e.g., relevant, local, and neighborhood) authority. Even though the overdue twentieth and early twenty first centuries have featured massive movement in prefer of boundary broadening and the interdependence of outward-looking geographical regions, the salience of interactions among nations’ inner devices remains excessive. Scholars have commonly classified methods to the geographic dispersion of governmental authority by means of grouping countryside into unitary, federal, and co federal types. studies at the different machine kinds has developed from early work on nation constructing and pacification of nearby tensions to contemporary efforts to explain differences inside the great of representation, in the sturdiness of opportunity models, and in the adaptability of structural designs to the changing needs of world interdependence.

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Federalism, Co federalism, and Unitary Systems

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Elections are vital to the functioning of democratic structures, and as such they have been the point of interest of big political technological know-how research for hundreds of years. Scholars and practitioners are looking for to recognize the version in alternatives of different electoral structures go-nationally. Additionally they attempt to isolate the effect of these choices on various man or woman-, institutional-, and machine-stage effects.

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Electoral Systems in Various Regions

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When you consider that September 11, 2001, giant attention has been dedicated to the study of terrorism, yet scholarly analysis of the situation has honestly been energetic for several a long time. With this multiplied attention, confusion has arisen as to the very that means of terrorism. in addition, there are competing theories in regard to the reasons and results of terrorism, with contributions coming from economists, sociologists, psychologists, and political scientists. The study of terrorism is in reality a multidisciplinary enterprise. This research paper presents a review of the controversy concerning the definition of terrorism, presents ancient examples of terrorism to provide context, and introduces the number one theoretical and empirical contributions of foremost scholars inside the area.

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Terrorism ,Causes and Effects on Nation

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Angelou’s goal, beginning with her first autobiography, was to “tell the truth about the lives of black women”, but her goal evolved, in her later volumes, to document the ups and downs of her own life. Life has not gifted her better experiences but bitter ones. She has the power to struggle everything. This paper entitled “Injustice of Racism in Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” aims to discuss the difficulties encountered by the writer as a girl, young mother, daughter and black woman in the society and how has boosted her spirits to rise from the struggle under the title injustice of racism. Her works stand as testimony for her suffering as well as success.

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Racism, Identity, Motherhood, Family, Travel

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John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men is a powerful book, for its simplicity, for its moving quality and for many other reasons. This article will be focused on the analysis of the loneliness, the kind of relationship between George and Lennie, the main protagonists, and the role their dream plays in their lives as a way to escape the society they live in. This need to escape is shared by other characters as well. It is indeed this strange situation that celebrates the loneliness as an inevitable part of human life.

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lonely, escape, relationship, society, marginalization, aloof, solitaire

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The Stone Angel and A Jest of God were the Manawaka Novels of Margaret Laurence. In all her works the major role was played by her heroines. Hagar is the protagonist of the novel The Stone Angel. She is so pride and she feels ashamed to show emotion. Because of this reason, she commits mistake and at last she realises all her mistakes which she committed in her life. In the same way, Rachel in A Jest of God ruins her own life by having affair with Nick. Only at some stage of her life, she realises her mistake and begins to live a new life.

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Pride, survival, freedom, realisation, marriage

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Khaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner reveal around the family relationship between a father and a son who helps to prepare a boy to understand right from the wrong. Khaled Hosseini in, The Kite Runner, uses the complex emotional bond between fathers and sons to demonstrate the necessity of an empathetic fatherly figure. The relationships that clearly demonstrate in this novel. Stories connect with humans in a way that other information does not and cannot.The Kite Runner is a universal story and, while it is set in an unfamiliar place for many readers, it is woven with familiar themes of friendship, family, courage, struggles, betrayal, guilt, and loyalty. Hosseini himself expressed his surprise that it did well at all and the main character is weak and not likable, all the good people die.

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Father, son, relationship,guilt, friendship, oppression,struggle

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Henrik Ibsen was an extremely influential Norwegian playwright who stood responsible for the rise of the modern realistic drama. In A Doll’s House, Ibsen employs the themes and structures of classical tragedy while writing in prose about every day, unexceptional people. . They do not understand each other but in practical life woman is judged by masculine law, as though she is not a woman but man. A woman cannot be herself in modern society. It is an exclusively male society with laws made by men and women are judged based on masculine stand point. In this study an attempt is made to know the sacrificial role played by Nora the heroine of this play and symbolic suffering of all women. It also focuses on the suppression of women and how women struggle to overcome the confines of traditional roles.

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Suppression, Womanhood, Emancipation

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Atwood in her first novel, The Edible Woman gave a vision of the society in which man has converted the whole of his environment into a commodity market so much so that even, man himself has become a commodity fit to be consumed. Marian finally regains her true identity which she has been searching for a long time. Marian declares that she can no more be exploited by males like Peter and Duncan. She therefore affirms that she is not an edible product. Thus Marian, becomes the modern woman who revolts against the patriarchal power structure, against the system of gender and its oppression and shows a path to other women like her to attain self-identity in this male-dominated society.

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self-identity,freedom,search,suppression,liberation,independence

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Indian English Literature has a long history of growth and development. To stabilize their empire the imperialists encouraged the spread of English education in India. They thought that Indians would by and large assimilate western culture, and help them to administer India without much trouble. The natives, however, adopted English language to express Indian sensibility effectively. Raja Ram Mohan Roy wrote thirty two essays originally in English on various subjects within the first three decades of the nineteenth century which are the early prose writings of Indian English Literature.

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Indian English Literature has a long history of growth and development. To stabilize their empire the imperialists encouraged the spread of English education in India. They thought that Indians would by and large assimilate western culture, and help them to administer India without much trouble. The natives, however, adopted English language to express Indian sensibility effectively. Raja Ram Mohan Roy wrote thirty two essays originally in English on various subjects within the first three decad

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Kamala Das was noted for her many Malayalam short stories as well as many poems written in English. It is well-known that Kamala Das has succeeded in her aim to reveal her covered secrets to the readers. In My Story, Kamala Das tells her personal experiences including her growth into womanhood, her unsuccessful quest for love in and outside marriage, and her living in matriarchal rural South India after inheriting her ancestral home. Das talks about the domestic details of food, familial relations, marriage, childbirth, sexual liaisons, and the internal and external struggles of one woman in a repressive world. Her autobiography can be read as a critique of the victimization of women in a patriarchal society. She realizes the powerlessness of the female body and she believes that for the victimized women in a patriarchal society, sexuality not only makes her vulnerable physically but also makes her vulnerable emotionally and spiritually.

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feminism, victim, tradition, inequalities and social oppression

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