Volume 14 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Blockchain innovations have acquired interest in the course of the most recent years. One of the most talked about issues is currency exchange, but its application is not limited only to Digital currency. So it has the potential to influence different business sectors. Blockchain technology has brought greater transparency and ease in large transactions. We can detect counterfeit goods using blockchain technology. The question arises when buying any item in today's world that the product is fake or genuine. And the lack of these things has been shown a huge impact on economic progress. Therefore, in order to curb all counterfeit goods, it is important to bring transparency about the goods to the notice of the consumers. The growing presence of counterfeit and unsafe products in the world is a cause for concern and blockchain technology has taken the next step towards its complete annihilation. Not only the use of technology will reduce the production of counterfeit goods, but everyone needs to be aware of this. By producing and packaging the right items each of those items needs to be given a digital code with its own identity. In this application, the supplier will register their products and customers will scan QR code using any QR scanning application and then the system will verify if the given product is counterfeit or not.

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 Keywords

Blockchain Technology ,Counterfeit Goods , Product Authentication , QR Code Verification , Transparency , Consumer Awareness

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Traditional storytelling methods lack the scalability and personalization required for modern digital education. This paper introduces StoryGenAI, an advanced Artificial Intelligence framework that utilizes Natural Language Processing (NLP) and deep learning to autonomously generate customized, age-appropriate children's stories in real-time. To ensure a deeply immersive and multimodal learning experience, the system features a dynamic visual synthesis engine that generates highly unique, context-aware illustrations for every scene. Crucially, this module guarantees absolute visual novelty, ensuring no illustration is ever repeated, even when identical story parameters are processed. This rich visual layer is synchronized with a highly versatile Text-to-Speech (TTS) auditory interface, providing multi-regional accent support (Indian, US, UK, Australian, and a specialized pediatric voice) alongside customizable reading velocities ranging from 0.5x to 2.0x. To facilitate an uninterrupted reading flow, the framework also integrates an intelligent auto-pagination mechanism that seamlessly transitions pages upon the completion of each audio segment.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Generative AI, Deep Learning, Transformers, Large Language Models, Multimodal Storytelling, Text-to-Speech (TTS), Educational Technology, Kids Story Creation

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The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and drug-induced nephrotoxicity has created a need for safe and effective therapeutic alternatives. Unani medicine provides a holistic approach to renal protection through the concept of Muhafiz-e-Kulya, which focuses on maintaining Mizaj (temperament), proper functioning of Quwa (faculties), and elimination of fasid maddah (morbid matter). This review aims to explore the conceptual framework of kidney function in Unani medicine and to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of Unani drugs in the light of modern scientific evidence. A comprehensive analysis of classical Unani texts along with recent pharmacological studies was carried out. The Unani system describes the kidney (Kulya) as an active organ governed by five faculties responsible for absorption, retention, transformation, discrimination, and elimination. Several drugs such as Kasni (Cichorium intybus), Gokhru (Tribulus terrestris), Biskhapra (Boerhavia diffusa), and Karafs (Apium graveolens) have shown significant nephroprotective effects through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic mechanisms. Compound formulations like Jawarish Zarooni Sada and Sharbat-e-Bazoori further enhance renal protection by improving detoxification and organ strength. Modern experimental studies support these traditional claims by demonstrating reduction in serum creatinine, urea levels, and renal tissue damage. The review suggests that Unani nephroprotective drugs offer a multi-targeted approach in the management of renal disorders. However, further clinical studies and standardization are required for their wider acceptance in modern medicine.

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 Keywords

Unani Medicine, Nephroprotection, Muqawwiyat-e-Kulya, Chronic Kidney Disease

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India's dairy sector, valued at approximately INR18-20 lakh crore (USD 220-250 billion), has historically been characterised by inelastic demand, stable margins, and predictable revenue streams. This paper challenges the prevailing assumption that the organised sector's reported 8-10% CAGR reflects genuine demand expansion. Using primary survey data (n = 30, urban respondents aged 18-35) and secondary financial and industry sources, this study argues that reported growth is predominantly a formalisation effect the structural migration of consumers from unorganised local vendors to branded organised players rather than net new consumption. The analysis integrates three financial constructs: risk perception (measured through health, safety, and ethical concern variables), demand elasticity (assessed through substitution intent and attitudinal sensitivity to perception shocks), and profitability (evaluated through revenue quality deterioration, margin compression, and EBITDA sensitivity in Tier-1 urban markets). Survey findings reveal that 83.3% of respondents hold positive health perceptions of dairy, yet 63.3% express some degree of ethical concern or uncertainty regarding dairy farming practices a figure that constitutes the paper's primary leading indicator of future demand fragility. A simple OLS regression of consumption intent on perception variables confirms that ethical concern is the dominant and statistically significant predictor of switching intent (? = -0.61, p < 0.05), outweighing both health and safety perception in explanatory power. The paper concludes that Tier-1 urban markets contributing an estimated 30-40% of organised dairy profit pools face a structural demand transition driven by Gen Z and millennial value-based consumption shifts. Unless dairy firms invest in brand repositioning, product innovation, and ESG-aligned communication strategies, they face material long-term risk to revenue quality, pricing power, and enterprise valuation.

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 Keywords

Demand Elasticity, Risk Perception, Profitability, Dairy Industry India, Gen Z, Ethical Consumption, EBITDA Compression, Formalisation Effect, Plant-Based Alternatives.

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In cellular wireless networks, resources are constrained. These limited resources must be utilized effectively. There are two categories of voice users in a cellular network: new calls and handoff calls. Handoff calls are prioritized higher than new calls, leading many researchers to investigate methods to block new calls while terminating ongoing calls. Numerous schemes exist, but we have chosen to focus on the two-threshold guard channel scheme in wireless cellular networks and we are going to implement this and observe the results.

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Cellular wireless network, Two-Threshold Guard Channel Scheme

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Deforestation is a major environmental challenge that contributes to biodiversity loss and climate change. Conventional forest monitoring techniques rely on manual surveys or delayed analysis of satellite imagery, which limits timely detection of illegal forest clearing. This research proposes a deep learning-based system for automated deforestation detection using satellite imagery. The proposed approach utilizes transfer learning with the ResNet50 convolutional neural network combined with a spatial attention mechanism to improve the identification of deforested regions. The system is implemented within a web-based platform consisting of a React frontend, a Flask backend, and a deep learning inference module. Experimental evaluation using satellite image datasets demonstrates that the proposed model achieves approximately 88% classification accuracy while maintaining an average inference time of less than two seconds per image. Additionally, an automated alert module notifies users when deforestation is detected with high confidence. The results indicate that the proposed framework can support large-scale environmental monitoring and assist authorities in identifying deforestation activities more efficiently

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 Keywords

Deforestation Detection, Deep Learning, ResNet50, Satellite Imagery, Environmental Monitoring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership on organizational change management, with Artificial Intelligence (Al) and open communication serving as moderating. variables. Drawing on structured survey of 58 respondents comprising HR professionals, managers, team leaders, and employees from technology and Al-driven organizations, the research. employs a descriptive quantitative design using five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistical analysis reveals strong consensus across all 20 survey items, with mean scores ranging from 4.02 to 4.50, confirming that respondents across age, educational, and experience groups perceive transformational leadership as central to successful change outcomes. The findings support all three research hypotheses: (H1) transformational leadership positively influences change management success; (H2) ethical Al adoption strengthens leadership effectiveness during change; and (H3) open internal communication reduces employee resistance to change. The study concludes with theoretical and practical implications for organizational practitioners seeking to integrate leadership development with digital transformation strategies.

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Transformational leadership, Change management, Artificial intelligence, Open communication, Organizational adaptability, Digital transformation.

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 Abstract

It is a highly sensitive task in the treatment of the early stages and the provision of the treatment as the CT scan showed the presence of the tumors in the kidneys. Human hands can screen and categorize kidney tumors, therefore, subject to errors and wastage of time, computerized systems should be incorporated to make sure that the process has been improved to be effective and to achieve better results. The article recommends an efficient architecture of the deep learning i.e. the integration of the Transformer networks with the 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to increase the percentage of kidney tumor detection. The system rests upon the diversity of the available trained models i.e., DenseNet121, ResNet101, VGG19, InceptionV3, GoogleNet and MobileNet, to get features. In order to achieve classification, Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN), and Generalized Fuzzy Neural Network (GFNN) is implemented in a way that it could have been categorized in four classification niche; Cyst, Normal, Stone and tumor under which it would have been classified in four categories.

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 Keywords

CT Scan Analysis, Deep Learning, Kidney Tumor Detection, 3D CNN, Transformer Networks, Fuzzy Neural Network, MobileNet, DenseNet121, Tumor Classification, Feature Extraction, Accuracy.

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Abstract Parenting styles play a significant role in shaping the emotional wellbeing of adolescents, a developmental stage marked by psychological and emotional changes. The present study aims to examine the impact of different parenting styles authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful--on adolescent emotional wellbeing. A quantitative research design was adopted with a sample of 50 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires assessing parenting style and emotional wellbeing indicators such as self-esteem, anxiety, and emotional regulation. The findings reveal that 40% of adolescents experienced authoritative parenting, which was strongly associated with higher emotional wellbeing (78%), while authoritarian (25%) and neglectful parenting (15%) were linked to increased anxiety (70%) and poor emotional regulation (72%) respectively. The study concludes that parenting style significantly influences adolescent emotional health, with authoritative parenting being the most beneficial.

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Parenting style, emotional well-being

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Hardened adder and carry logic is widely used in commercial FPGAs to improve the efficiency of arithmetic functions. There are many design choices and complexities associated with such hardening including: circuit design, FPGA architectural choices, and the CAD flow. However these choices have seen little study, and hence we explore a number of possibilities. We also highlight front-end elaboration optimizations that help ameliorate the restrictions placed on logic synthesis by hardened arithmetic. We show that hard adders and carry chains increase performance of simple adders by a factor of four or more, but on larger benchmark designs that contain arithmetic improve overall performance by 15% Approximate addition is a technique to trade off energy consumption and output quality in error-tolerant applications. a novel bit truncation approach is proposed to design dynamically energy-quality scalable adders with graceful degradation. As main idea, instead of being set to zero, the truncated input bits are set to the constant value that maximizes the output quality.

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 Keywords

Field programmable gate arrays, Digital arithmetic, Logic design, Design automation

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 Abstract

Caste and politics both are interrelated with each other. Caste is deeply rooted in Indian society.Relationship between caste and politics looks like two variables.Caste is nothing but social stratification which determined by birth.Caste used as a tool or mechanism from ancient India to 21st century india for various purposes.In Indian society as per as Electoral democracy is concerned Caste becomes an integral part in Indian politics. India being a diverse country in terms of culture ( food habit, wearing clothes,rituals etc) caste plays a very significant role in Indian politics.Caste forms political socialization in Indian society.Some times Caste based politics in Indian society gives rise to Regionalism which obstacles national integration and unity. The word caste derived from Latin word caste which means race. Caste and politics interaction is seen through the lens of the reservation policy of India.

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 Keywords

political socialization, Regionalism, Social stratification ,Electoral democracy, Democracy.

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Continuing Nursing Education (CNE) is a fundamental component of professional development that enhances nurses' clinical competence and ensures the delivery of safe, evidence-based patient care. Despite its recognized importance, participation in continuing education programs among nurses remains inconsistent due to various influencing factors. The present study aimed to assess the barriers and facilitators affecting nurses' participation in continuing nursing education programs in selected hospitals of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. A quantitative non-experimental descriptive research design was adopted. A total of 100 staff nurses were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique from both government and private hospitals. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising demographic variables, perceived barriers, and facilitating factors related to continuing nursing education. The tool was validated by experts, and reliability was established prior to data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency, percentage, and chi-square test. The findings revealed that major barriers to participation included excessive workload, time constraints, staff shortage, and limited organizational support. Conversely, key facilitating factors included self-motivation, career advancement, enhancement of professional competence, and institutional encouragement. A statistically significant association was observed between selected demographic variables and participation in continuing nursing education. The study concludes that both individual and organizational factors significantly influence nurses' engagement in continuing education. Addressing structural barriers and strengthening institutional support mechanisms can improve participation and promote a culture of lifelong learning in the nursing profession.

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 Keywords

Continuing Nursing Education, Barriers, Facilitators, Staff Nurses, Professional Competence, Organizational Factors

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 Abstract

Educational institutions often experience uneven utilization of classroom infrastructure, where several rooms remain unused during non-peak hours while external organizations search for affordable venues for academic and training activities. This paper introduces EduSpace, an online platform created to help institutions organize and rent out their classrooms more efficiently. Through the system, users can view available rooms, send booking requests, and confirm reservations using a guided process. At the same time, administrative staff can review requests, approve them when appropriate, and keep track of overall usage from a single control panel. Results indicate reduced confirmation delays and improved accuracy in maintaining reservation records, with infrastructure usage increasing from approximately 60% to nearly 85% in the implemented model.

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classroom management system, educational resource utilization, online booking platform, space allocation, web-based application

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This project presents a smart agricultural robot based on the rocker-bogie mechanism, designed to assist farmers with soil monitoring, seed dispensing, water spraying, and live visual field observation. Using an ESP32 controller with IoT connectivity, the system measures soil moisture and temperature, sends real-time data to the Arduino IoT Cloud, and allows remote control of movement, seed dispensing, and spraying operations. The integration of the ESP32-CAM module provides live video streaming, enabling users to visually monitor farming activities and field conditions from anywhere. The robot enhances precision agriculture by reducing manual labor, improving seed and spray accuracy, and supporting real-time decision-making through IoT-enabled monitoring and camera feedback.

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Keywords: Rocker-Bogie Mechanism, IoT, Smart Agriculture, ESP32, Precision Farming, Soil Moisture Monitoring, Autonomous Robot, Remote Monitoring.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Childhood is a critical period where children are vulnerable and require proper guidance to ensure their safety and well-being. In recent years, increasing cases of child abuse have highlighted the need for awareness regarding good touch and bad touch among school-age children. Educational interventions like video-assisted teaching can play an important role in improving children's knowledge and helping them protect themselves from abuse. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school-age children (6-12 years) in a selected school of Kishanganj, Bihar. Objectives: 1) To assess the existing knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school-age children (6-12 years). 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school-age children. 3) To determine the association between knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch and selected socio-demographic variables among school-age children. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a quantitative research approach with a one-group pre-test and post-test design to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school-age children (6-12 years). The study was conducted in Saraswati Vidya Mandir School, Kishanganj, Bihar, among 100 children selected using non-probability convenient sampling. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic details and knowledge-based questions. After obtaining consent, a pre-test was conducted, followed by the implementation of video-assisted teaching, and then a post-test was administered to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results and Findings: The findings of the study revealed that in the pre-test, the majority of school children (59%) had moderately adequate knowledge, 24% had adequate knowledge, and 17% had inadequate knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch. After the implementation of video-assisted teaching, there was a significant improvement, with 92% of children attaining adequate knowledge and none remaining in the inadequate category. The mean post-test knowledge score (26.57) was higher than the pre-test score (18.87), and the calculated paired t value showed a highly statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the intervention. Additionally, a significant association was found between knowledge levels and class of study, while other demographic variables showed no significant association. Conclusion: The study concluded that school-age children had moderate to inadequate knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch before the intervention, but video-assisted teaching significantly improved their knowledge levels. The findings demonstrate that video-assisted teaching is an effective educational strategy for increasing awareness and promoting child safety. Therefore, such teaching methods should be encouraged in schools to empower children to recognize and respond to inappropriate touch.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Video-assisted teaching, Good touch, Bad touch, School-age children, Knowledge, Child safety, Child abuse prevention

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 Abstract

The unchecked propagation of misinformation across digital media ecosystems has emerged as a critical societal challenge, undermining public health discourse, democratic processes, and financial market integrity. Existing automated factchecking solutions are largely confined to research environments, lack multi-modal input support, and offer no user-facing infrastructure for persistent history or administrative oversight. This paper presents TruthCheck AI, a deployable web-based platform that enables registered users to submit news claims in either textual or image form and receive a structured, AIgenerated verdict in real time. The system orchestrates four distinct processing layers: Optical Character Recognition (OCR) via Tesseract for image-to-text extraction; sentiment and subjectivity analysis through TextBlob; live evidence retrieval from the web using SerpAPI; and verdict generation via Google 2.5 Flash operating under a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) paradigm. Each verification is persisted in a MySQL relational database tied to a secure user account, while an administrator dashboard provides platform-wide analytics and user management. Experimental results confirm that wellestablished factual claims receive verdicts with confidence scores exceeding 80%, whereas ambiguous or temporally sensitive claims are correctly classified as UNVERIFIED. The platform demonstrates the feasibility of combining contemporary AI services into a cohesive, production-ready application for misinformation detection at scale.

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 Keywords

Fake News Detection, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, Natural Language Processing, Optical Character Recognition, Generative AI, Flask, Google Flash 2.5, SerpAPI, TextBlob, MySQL, Misinformation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Numerically Controlled Oscillators (NCOs) play a crucial role in modern digital communication systems due to their flexibility, precision, and ease of integration with digital architectures. With the advancement of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the implementation of compact, low-power, and high-speed NCOs has become feasible for System-on-Chip (SoC) applications. This paper presents a comprehensive review of CMOS-based NCO architectures, focusing on design methodologies, key building blocks, and performance trade-offs. Special emphasis is given to low-bit architectures such as 4-bit NCOs and the concept of dual frequency select words for multi-frequency generation. The study highlights recent advancements, design challenges, and future research directions in CMOS-based digital oscillators.

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NCO, CMOS, Phase Accumulator, Digital Oscillator, Dual Frequency Word, Low Power Design, FPGA/ASIC Implementation

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 Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have gained considerable attention as an alternative to conventional oral and injectable routes of drug administration. Although the oral route is widely preferred for its convenience and patient acceptance, it often faces limitations, including gastrointestinal degradation, poor absorption, and first-pass metabolism. Parenteral administration can overcome some of these issues, but is associated with disadvantages, including pain, risk of infection, and the requirement of trained personnel. These challenges have spurred the development of transdermal drug delivery approaches that enable non-invasive administration through the skin. Despite several advantages, conventional transdermal systems are significantly limited by the barrier properties of the stratum corneum, which restricts the permeation of most therapeutic molecules. Only a limited number of small, lipophilic drugs can effectively penetrate the skin using traditional patches. To overcome this limitation, microneedle technology has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing transdermal drug delivery. Microneedles are micron-scale needle projections capable of creating temporary microchannels in the skin without causing significant pain or tissue damage. This review discusses the structure and barrier function of the skin, mechanisms of drug permeation, and the role of microneedle technology in overcoming these barriers. Various types of microneedles, including solid, coated, dissolving, hollow, and hydrogel-forming systems, are described along with their mechanisms of action. The article also highlights applications of microneedle-based systems in insulin delivery, vaccine administration, and macromolecule transport. Furthermore, the current market developments, advantages, limitations, and prospects of microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery systems are discussed.

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TDDS,Microneedles,Advantages, Future Scope

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Ayurveda is a science where number of herbs was explained in classics for various diseases. Although this science has huge classical herbal data, there is a big drawback of the availability of those herbs. For this purpose the Acharyas explained about the concept of Abhava Pratinidhi Dravyas (Substitution of drug). The concept of substitution is available in the treatise of Bhavaprakasha and Yogaratnakara which explains Pratinidhi as; when there is unavailability of any particular drug during preparation of a compound, one should try to get another drug having similar potency in terms of Rasa, Guna, Veerya, and Vipaka. In present era, many pharmacies facing difficulties in getting genuinity of the raw herbal drug due to many reasons like deforestation, over exploitation, extinction of many species and incorrect identification of many plant species, which hampers the quality of the formulation which gives rise to the alternative use of substitution and adulteration of herbal raw drug. This paper is an attempt to understand the concept of substitution and adulteration in both classical as well as present era, which will enrich the current practices of Pratinidhi Dravyas (Substitute Drugs) in Ayurvedic science.

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 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Abhava Pratinidhi dravya, Substitution, Adulteration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper examines the evolution of women's political participation in India's Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), focusing on the gap between numerical representation and substantive empowerment. Following the enactment of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, women's representation in local governance has expanded significantly, with women constituting over 46 percent of elected representatives. While this marks a major achievement in advancing gender-inclusive governance, the study argues that increased participation has not uniformly translated into effective decision-making power or sustained political agency. Through a policy-oriented analysis supported by comparative data, the paper identifies key structural, socio-cultural, and institutional barriers that constrain women's political empowerment. These include patriarchal norms, proxy representation, limited access to capacity-building mechanisms, and the disruptive effects of seat rotation. Additionally, the study highlights the emerging challenge of the gender digital divide, which increasingly affects women's ability to engage with digitised governance systems. The findings suggest that while reservation policies have been successful in achieving descriptive representation, their impact remains conditional on broader enabling factors such as institutional support, socio-economic context, and access to digital resources. The paper concludes by proposing a comprehensive policy framework that integrates capacity-building, digital inclusion, institutional reforms, and financial support to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of women's participation in governance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women's Political Participation, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Gender Quotas, Digital Divide, Governance and Empowerment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition