Volume 12 | Issue 4

 Abstract

This research investigates the relationship between social support, life satisfaction, and self-esteem among working individuals. The study utilizes the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and a Life-satisfaction questionnaire by O.H. Ojha to assess self-esteem, perceived social support, and life satisfaction, respectively. The findings contribute to understanding the nuanced relationship between specific dimensions of social support and overall well-being among working individuals. Preliminary findings suggest a significant positive correlation between perceived social support and both life satisfaction and self-esteem among working individuals. Moreover, specific dimensions of social support, such as emotional support from colleagues and supervisors, emerge as crucial factors contributing to overall well-being. This research contributes to our understanding of the importance of social support in the workplace and its implications for employees' psychological health and job satisfaction. The findings have practical implications for organizations aiming to promote employee well-being and productivity through fostering a supportive work environment.

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Social-support, Life-satisfaction, Self-esteem, Life stressors

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Understanding consumer behavior is essential for businesses navigating the complexities of today's competitive marketplace. This research paper delves into two influential models in consumer behavior analysis: Philip Kotler's Consumer Decision-Making Process and McKinsey's Consumer Decision Journey. Through a comparative analysis, this paper examines their structures, advantages, disadvantages, and applications in the contemporary marketplace. Additionally, it discusses the implications of these models for evolving marketing strategies, particularly in the digital age, while integrating insights from customer analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior dynamics.

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"Deciphering Consumer Behavior: A Comparative Analysis of Kotler's and McKinsey's Models with Insights from Customer Analysis"

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Tax planning is an essential part of our financial planning. Efficient tax planning enables us to reduce our tax liability to the minimum. This is done by legitimately taking advantage of all tax exemptions, deductions rebates and allowances while ensuring that your investments are in line with their long-term goals. The purpose of the study is to find out the most suitable and popular tax saving instrument used to save tax and also to examine the amount saved by using that instrument. Over all findings reveals that the most adopted tax saving instrument policy, which got the first rank in this study and the second most adopted tax saving instrument is Provident Fund.

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Tax introduction, Tax planning ,Tax rate, tax information.

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Murvadi Yoga is a herbal formulation with ingredients such as Murva, Bala and Chitraka. This formulation is used in the treatment of Patients having Pandu Roga. The ingredients such as Murva and Bala have properties like Guru Guna, Madhura Vipaka and Sita Virya which will help the Patients as they will be having symptoms such as Daurbalya, Shrama, Bhrama etc. meanwhile another ingredient Chitraka which is having Tikshna Guna, Katu Vipaka and Usna Virya will cure the symptoms of digestive system such as Aruchi and Agnimandhya etc. Preliminary Physico chemical study was done using standard procedure with aqueous, chloroform, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of Murvadi Yoga. The inference from this study can be used as reference standard in further quality control research.

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Physico Chemical Analysis, Pandu, Murvadi Yoga, Iron Deficiency Anemia.

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Trash or waste material are the substances disposed of by individuals because of an apparent absence of utility or handiness. An expansion in the level of these waste materials might prompt expanded degrees of contamination, an Earth-wide temperature boost or even reason significant medical problems as they might contain poisonous, non-biodegradable substances too. Consequently, there emerges a requirement for legitimate strategies for removal of waste. Fast urbanization and populace development are generally answerable for extremely high expanding pace of strong waste in the metropolitan regions, its legitimate administration and reusing is serious issues of Municipal Corporation. Biodegradation is elective method for overseeing or to corrupt the loss through eco-accommodating and much practical strategy contrasted with other conventional procedure like cremation and treating the soil. The primary motivation behind this paper is to focus closer towards biodegradation of waste in Indian urban communities. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) encompass bunches of waste like family trash and junk, road clearing, horticultural waste, development and destruction garbage, sterilization buildups, exchange and non-unsafe modern decline and treated bio-clinical strong waste. This survey paper centered qualities, assortment, transportation, removal and distinctive microbial course of biodegradation, their restriction and the cycle to microbial distinctive waste unloading locales and these confines could be crucial hotspots for the microbial variety is expressed here and talked about.

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waste management, sustainable development, India, population growth, resource retrieval

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This research project explores efficient financial management within the manufacturing industry, investigating how financial decisions impact operational efficiency, strategies for optimizing financial resources, and the pivotal role of financial management in fostering sustained long-term growth. Data was collected via surveys and analyzed using statistical tools, revealing diverse perspectives on financial management within manufacturing, with a focus on enhancing shareholder value, leveraging technology, and balancing cost efficiency with sustainability in supply chain management. However, hypothesis testing results indicate no significant correlation between the implementation of advanced financial analytics tools and the maintenance of a debt-equity financing equilibrium in manufacturing enterprises. Nonetheless, the study highlights a notable correlation between financial management strategies and supply chain performance in manufacturing entities, recommending the adoption of new technologies, incorporation of sustainable practices, and vigilance regarding market trends. It underscores the complex nature of financial decision-making in manufacturing, showcasing contrasting viewpoints on automation and the influence of external factors, referencing numerous research studies to substantiate its conclusions.

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Financial Managament, Operational Efficiency, Manufacturing Industries

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The rapid industrialization of India in the early 20th century brought with it a host of challenges for the burgeoning workforce. As factories and manufacturing units proliferated across the nation, the absence of comprehensive labour laws left workers vulnerable to exploitation and hardship. Recognizing the pressing need for intervention, the Indian government embarked on a series of legislative reforms to safeguard the rights and welfare of industrial workers.

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THE PAYMENT OF WAGES ACT,1936 THE MINIMUM WAGES ACT,1948 THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 THE EMPLOYEE'S COMPENSATION ACT, 1923.

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With the growing demand for food security and sustainable agricultural practices, there is an urgent need for accurate and efficient methods to assess crop development and identify potential issues affecting yield. Remote sensing plays a crucial role in timely monitoring of land, water and soil. Geospatial technology offers a suite of tools and techniques that enable remote sensing, data analysis and monitoring of agricultural landscapes at various scales. Optical Earth Observation satellite data forms the basis for crop monitoring, agriculture practices, policy making, etc. In our study we used public datasets to get crop map of a cash crop; sugarcane. Sentinel 2 satellite data were used to produce maps depicting field ranges of sugarcane crop grown in part of north Karnataka, India. Data collected for 3 years was used an multi dated input for machine learning models in contrary with a single dated image. Dynamics nature of the crop and overlapping spectral behavior makes crop identification using single date image more challenging. Different Decision tree algorithms are used with the same set of data. Cloud computing service offered through Google Earth Engine is used for accessing satellite data and as well for computation. Near Infrared (NIR), Visible (Red, Green, Blue), Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) are the bands selected for our study. Our study revealed that using temporal images for crop identification is more complicated but resulted in good accuracies when compared with real data. Single date and multitemporal classification accuracies were compared using ground truth data as references. Multitemporal classification accuracies were more accurate than single date images for mapping sugarcane crop in this region.

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Sentinel 2, Decision tree, Google Earth Engine, NIR, SWIR.

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With the increasing demand for image storage and sharing, traditional centralized image drive platforms are facing issues such as data breaches, censorship, and lack of transparency. In this project, we propose a decentralized image drive system that leverages blockchain technology to provide a secure, transparent, and immutable solution for image storage. To ensure transparency and trust, the blockchain records all image-related activities, including uploads, downloads, and modifications, in a tamper-proof and auditable manner. The system also incorporates consensus algorithms to achieve consensus on image updates, making it resistant to unauthorized changes and providing a reliable source of truth. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we have implemented a proof-of-concept prototype using popular blockchain frameworks. We conducted experiments to evaluate the system's performance, including image retrieval time, scalability, and security. Our results indicate that the proposed blockchain-based image drive system provides a robust and efficient solution for secure and transparent image storage. Our decentralized image drive system has the potential to revolutionize the way images are stored and shared by eliminating the vulnerabilities associated with centralized platforms. It can be applied in various domains, including social media, healthcare, art, and e-commerce, where image privacy, security, and ownership are paramount. Future research directions include exploring incentive mechanisms, optimizing performance, and integrating with other emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality to enhance the functionality and usability of the system.

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Decentralized, Centralized, Tamper-proof.

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The concept of hybrid working conditions, characterized by a blend of remote and in-office work arrangements, has gained prominence in recent years, primarily driven by advances in technology and the need for flexible work environments. This abstract provides an overview of the research on how these hybrid working conditions affect employee productivity. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of existing literature, this study highlights key findings related to the impact of hybrid work arrangements on employee productivity. The research suggests that while hybrid working conditions offer numerous benefits, such as increased work-life balance, reduced commute times, and enhanced flexibility, they also pose challenges to maintaining high levels of productivity. Factors such as communication difficulties, feelings of isolation, and distractions in home environments can negatively affect employees' ability to stay focused and perform optimally. In conclusion, this abstract provides a concise overview of the research on the impact of hybrid working conditions on employee productivity. It underscores the complexities and nuances of this evolving work model, emphasizing the significance of proactive management and support to maximize the benefits of hybrid work while minimizing its potential drawbacks.

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Hybrid working conditions , Flexible working environment , High Levels of productivity , Evolving work models

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The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has emerged as a cornerstone in defining and molding the framework of the Indian securities market. This research paper delves into the audacious journey of SEBI, tracing its pivotal role in establishing the intricate securities market system in India. By scrutinizing the nature of the Indian securities market and dissecting SEBI's multifaceted role, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the market dynamics. Additionally, the paper explores the challenges encountered by SEBI in its regulatory endeavors. The Indian securities market, characterized by its complexity and dynamism, has undergone significant transformations over the years. SEBI, as the regulatory watchdog, has been instrumental in shaping the contours of this market ecosystem. The paper begins by exploring the historical evolution of the Indian securities market, highlighting key milestones and regulatory shifts that have influenced its current structure. A critical analysis of SEBI's role unfolds, emphasizing its proactive measures in maintaining market integrity, ensuring investor protection, and fostering transparency. SEBI's functions extend beyond mere regulatory oversight; it actively contributes to the development and enhancement of market infrastructure. By implementing innovative policies and frameworks, SEBI has sought to strike a balance between fostering market growth and safeguarding investor interests. Furthermore, the study delves into the challenges faced by SEBI in fulfilling its regulatory mandate. From addressing market volatility to adapting to technological advancements, SEBI navigates a myriad of challenges inherent to the ever-evolving financial landscape. The paper explores the regulatory dilemmas faced by SEBI, such as striking a balance between innovation and risk mitigation, and the ongoing quest for effective enforcement mechanisms. The paper also sheds light on the global context, drawing comparisons with international regulatory frameworks. By benchmarking SEBI's practices against global standards, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on regulatory convergence and divergence. Understanding the global landscape provides insights into potential areas of improvement for SEBI and identifies best practices that can be adopted to enhance the efficiency of the Indian securities market.In conclusion, this research paper serves as a comprehensive analysis of the Indian securities market, focusing on the instrumental role played by SEBI in its evolution. By examining the nature of the market, evaluating SEBI's functions, and addressing the challenges encountered, the paper offers valuable insights for policymakers, market participants, and scholars. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on regulatory frameworks, offering a nuanced understanding of the delicate balance required to foster a thriving securities market while safeguarding the interests of all stakeholders.

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SEBI, Securities and Exchange Board of India, Securities Market

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Bridge construction today has achieved a worldwide level of importance. Extension development today has accomplished an overall dimension ofsignificance. Extensions are the key components in any street system and utilization of strengthened support type spans picking up notoriety in scaffold building organization in light of its better security, functionality, economy, stylish appearance and auxiliary effectiveness. By and large for long range Box brace spans are progressively basic proficient. Box support opposes the torsional unbending nature and appropriate for critical bend. For this investigation, four distinctive scaffold supports are viewed as specifically Rectangular Single cell Box Girder (RSBG), Trapezoidal Single cell Box Girder (TSBG) of ranges 20 m, 30 m, 40m and 50m. Direct Static and Modal Analysis are performed on all the considered extension supports utilizing connect wizard. IRC Class AA Tracked Loading framework is considered for the examination. A near give an account of dynamic Characteristics of all the considered extension braces utilizing Staad Pro.

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Stiffness, modal analysis, Linear Static analysis, loading system, Dynamic Characteristics.

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Financial changes and the arrangements of LPG i.e. Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization has become a central change in Indian economy, India has encountered in the revenue of the IT industry is predicted to grow annually at the rate of 12.98% from 2024 to 2028 due to the global business in the ITEs industry set by India both locally as focus in internationally. The market cap is 43 billion of dollar by the end of the period. IT and ITeS is one such segment which picked up its development force amid this period, along these lines it has noticeable place for India in Global market. This part has visible promise to GDP and is one of the real exporters in profit division. Today this is the segment which is pulling in major outside speculators to put their cash in India. The significant criteria for speculation are remarkable money related performance. Hence, the target of the present study is to examine the money related performance of chosen [forty-five] Indian IT and ITeS organizations, recorded in National Stock Exchange. The examination demonstrated that huge organizations are better performers and medium organizations are steady performers.

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IT and ITeS, Financial Performance, Profitability, Solvency, Activity, Liquidity

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The automation and complexity of supply chains are resulting in significant advantages in the present environment. Concurrently, individuals are placing more emphasis on the quality of food goods. Traditional supply networks are centralised and depend on an external entity for transactions. Centralised structures lack transparency, accountability, & auditability. We have developed a detailed plan for a blockchain-powered food and agricultural supply chain. The system leverages the fundamental characteristics of blockchain technology and employs intelligent contracts that are structured within the blockchain network. Blockchain guarantees data permanence inside the network but does not resolve critical supply chain management challenges including party trustworthiness, trade procedure transparency, and item tracking. The storage system generates a hash value for the data saved on the blockchain to provide an effective, secure, and reliable solution.

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Blockchain, NGO, SHA

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Folk performances known as "Danda Nata," performed by rural farming communities and tribal people in Western and Southern Odisha, resemble religious festivals. It commences once a year, starting in the month of April (Chaitra), and continues for thirteen or twenty-one days that finish on Maha Vishuba Sankranti or Pana Sankranti. It comprises not just dance, music, theater, magic, circus, and stand-up comedy but also intricate rites and worships. It is a religious-theatrical performance done by the tribal or non-tribal people of Southern Odisha mainly Kandhamal district without any caste prejudice. The devotees of Danda Nata are named Dandua or Bhokta, and the head of them called Pata Dandua or Pata Bhokta. The thirteen Bhoktas conducted all ceremonial tasks in Danda Nata. It was also separated into four stages, i.e., Dhuli Danda, Pani Danda, Agni Danda, and Suanga Danda. The Dhuli Danda contains sixteen varieties of sand service, workout, theater, prank, etc. The Agni Danda and Pani Danda also cover all ceremonial procedures in Danda Nata. Lastly, the Nrutya Danda incorporates not only sixteen genres of dance, music, and band but also theater, stand-up comedy, mime, etc. The major gods of the Danda Nata are Lord Shiva and goddess Kali. It is also an amalgam of Hindu and tribal deties. In Danda Nata, a minimum of traditional musical instruments are employed. A broad range and diversity of fascinating music is generated by employing a dhol, a mahuri, a flute, a mardal, a ghanta, a ghungur, a tasa, a lishan, etc. This present Paper intends to study on the Dhuli Danda Nata and the ritual practices in Kandhamal district.

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- Danda Nata, Dandua, Bhokta, Suanga, Dhuli Danda, Pani Danda, Agni Danda, Mime, Flute

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This article focuses on saliva as a diagnostic medium of choice and the various biomarkers that are elevated in oral cancer. The outcome of Research proves that 90 % of the oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma. The causative factors, risk factors, and screening for oral cancers are elaborated. Salivary biomarkers can be classified into genomic and protein bio markers. Among Genomic biomarkers the role of micro RNAs is specified and these nitidity of various protein biomarkers such as matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines are studied.

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? Lymphoma ? Minorsalivarygland ? MucosalMelanome ? Sarcomas ? SquamousCellCarcinoma

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In the realm of hypothesis testing, students often encounter a perplexing dilemma: when to employ a z-test versus a t-test. Traditional guidelines suggest that a z-test is appropriate for sample sizes exceeding 30, while a t-test is suitable for smaller samples. However, this distinction becomes murkier when considering statistical software like SPSS, which exclusively utilizes t-tests for hypothesis testing, leaving the z-test seemingly absent. In this paper, we aim to provide clarity on the appropriate circumstances for employing both z-tests and t-tests, thereby dispelling the confusion surrounding their usage. Through a comprehensive exploration, we endeavor to equip readers with the knowledge necessary to confidently navigate hypothesis testing scenarios, elucidating the nuanced differences between these two methodologies.

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Hypothesis, z-test, t-test

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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various image classifi- cation tasks. However, recent studies have shown that CNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where imperceptible perturba- tions added to input images can lead to misclassification. This vulnerability raises concerns about the reliability and security of CNN-based systems, especially in critical applications such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis. In this research paper, we investigate the robust training of CNNs against adversarial attacks, focusing on the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM). We propose a training methodology that incorporates adversarial examples during the training process to enhance the network's robustness. Through extensive experiments on the CIFAR-10 dataset, we demonstrate that our proposed approach effectively improves the CNN's resilience against FGSM attacks, resulting in enhanced performance and reduced vulnerability to adversarial perturbations. Our findings contribute to advancing the understanding of adversarial robustness in CNNs and provide insights for developing more secure and reliable deep learning systems.

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Index Terms--Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Ad- versarial Attacks, Robust Training, Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Image Classification, Deep Learning, Cybersecurity, Adversarial Examples, Resilience Security

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In this Research Blood cells help us to fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and germs that invade the body. White blood cells originate in the bone marrow but circulate throughout the bloodstream, while red blood cells help transport oxygen to our body. Accurate counting of those may require laboratory testing procedure that is not usual to everyone. Generating codes that will help counting of blood cells that produce accurate response via images gives a relief on this problem. The suggested method includes preprocessing blood cell pictures, feature extraction and training machine learning models for cell detection and counting. A variety of advanced classification techniques are used they are Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used to evaluate the shape of cells and differentiate between various cell types. To guarantee accurate results in a wide range of applications the model is trained on a Blood Cell Images dataset which includes different blood cell types and conditions.

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RBC, WBC, Blood cell Detection, Blood cell counting, Machine Learning.

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The AIDA model (attention, interest, desire, and action) is used to analyze the influence of social media marketing influencers on skincare products. The analysis help to understand how influencers grab the attention through engaging the content. Then, it shows how they cultivate the interest by demonstrating product benefits and addressing skincare concerns. Next the study examines how influencers build the desire through positive product review and testimonials, potentially leading to action (purchasing the product and following the influencer) by the customer. For this descriptive research, the primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire and tested with the hypothesis. The variables like attention, interest, desire and action. The collected data is analyzed through Correlation analysis, Chi-square analysis and Mediation analysis. The sample size we have taken is 350. Out of 350 respondents collected, 13 respondents were rejected. So, the actual sample size considered is 337 for this study. The study concludes that attention, interest, desire and action have a positive outlook on purchase intention.

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Influencers, purchasing intention, social media, attention, interest, desire and action, Correlation, Chi-Square and mediation analysis.

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