Volume 12 | Issue 4

 Abstract

In recent years, the automotive sector has seen a growth in the number of vehicles on the road, resulting in an increase in tyre failures. Traditional methods of tyre replacement, which involve manually removing and tightening wheel nuts one at a time, are frequently time-consuming and physically difficult. To overcome this issue, a variety of inventive equipment have been developed to speed the wheel nut repair procedure. The development and use of multi-nut openers represents a significant leap in vehicle repair. These tools are designed to remove and tighten numerous wheel nuts at the same time, considerably reducing the amount of time and effort necessary for tyre replacement. The significance of these tools rests in their capacity to improve efficiency, safety, and lessen the strain on car owners and mechanics. This research paper will provide an overview of recent advances in multi-nut openers for automotive wheel repair. It will look at the design, manufacture, and functionality of these tools, with a focus on their ability to handle the issues of tyre replacement. The paper will also address the significance and usability of multi-nut openers in diverse automotive environments, including as garages, workshops, service stations, and assembly lines.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multi Nut Opener, Tightener, Fabrication, Automobiles, Wheel Nut Remover.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Today, technology has changed the way people live and the processes they use to carry out daily activities buying and selling is one of the important human activities and over the years, these activities have become more and more complex to enhance the ease and comfort of the experience. The shopping and buying experience has changed further over the past decade with the advent of the Internet online shopping and e-commerce in general have become popular and offer more convenient and less stressful options for online transactions. Consumers can now access products from stores as far away as they want, a factor that gives them the opportunity to make choices without considering distance and long queues although online shopping promises to be a better option for consumers, the channel is still vulnerable to threats, mentioning factors that can seriously damage user privacy, leading to data breaches and data security breaches. As a result, consumers are unsure whether to trust online shopping or not. This document includes information about threats related to online shopping and highlights consumer perceptions, including negative consumer perceptions. This document raises awareness of cybersecurity issues, including ways that online shoppers and sellers can protect themselves from data breaches and attacks through like scams and adware.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Laws Protecting the Rights Of Consumers, E- Commerce, Consumers, Rights, Limitations, India

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The primary causes of vision impairment and blindness are retinal diseases, which include diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. Correct and timely diagnosis of these illnesses is essential for efficient treatment and patient care. This abstract describes a novel use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the diagnosis and prediction of various retinal diseases. A large dataset of retinal images covering a variety of retinal diseases is gathered and labelled with disease names in this study. To guarantee consistency and improve the model's capacity to pick up pertinent features, these photos go through a thorough preprocessing process. Techniques for data augmentation are used to diversify datasets more. The architecture of a CNN is intended for the categorization of retinal disorders. Convolutional layers are used in this architecture to extract features, and pooling layers are used to reduce dimensionality. Fully connected layers are then used to classify diseases such as Glaucoma and Multiple diabetics. Using supervised learning methods, the model is trained on the annotated dataset, optimizing the loss function and keeping an eye on validation performance to avoid overfitting. On a different test dataset, the CNN model's performance is evaluated using a number of evaluation metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and the AUC-ROC score. Additionally, post-processing steps are used to eliminate predictions with low confidence, increasing the model's clinical usefulness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fundus images, Machine learning, Deep learning, Convolutional neural network algorithm, Retinal diseases.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract The paper attempt to explore the relationship between study habits and academic achievement of senior secondary school students of District Baramulla. A sample of 430 senior secondary school students was taken through a random sampling technique, of which 215 were male students, and 215 were female students from both the private and government senior secondary schools. Study Habit Scale developed by Dimple Rani and Jaidka (2015) was used. For the analysis of the data-Mean, SD, correlation and t-test were used for the present study. The findings of the research showed that student's academic achievement is positively and moderately influenced by their study habits. It revealed that compared to male students, female students had slightly better study habits. Additionally, it was found that students in private schools have better study habits than those in government schools.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Study Habits, Academic Achievement, Senior Secondary School Students

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the bank challan filling process, illiterates often face significant challenges in accurately completing the forms. Many find themselves in need of manual assistance from neighbors or bank officers to fill the challan and they have to wait in a queue in long time. To address this issue and streamline the process, automated challan filling systems have been introduced. These automated systems aim to simplify the task by providing intuitive interfaces and guided prompts, reducing the reliance on manual intervention. By leveraging technology, such as user-friendly interfaces and automated data validation, these systems help ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the challan filling process. As a result, illustrators can complete their transactions more independently and with greater confidence, minimizing the need for external assistance and reducing the likelihood of errors. Overall, the introduction of automated challan filling processes represents a significant advancement in improving accessibility and efficiency for all users involved. In the automated bank challan filling process, we utilize both a keypad and a voice playback module. The voice playback module is responsible for interpreting user instructions, while the keypad is configured with predefined values for deposit, withdrawal, and balance checking operations. Upon receiving voice commands, the keypad seamlessly communicates the corresponding information to the software, streamlining the process based on the instructions provided by the user.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Challan, Analog, cheques , Deposite, withdraw.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Technical study, which practices historical values to find indicators that highlight potential movements in stock prices, is especially relevant to the application of time series analysis and estimating to the stock market. This study investigates the use of the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and Bollinger Bands as technical indicators to produce buy and sell signals for stock trading. While RSI provides a gauge of a stock's overbought or oversold conditions, Bollinger Bands offer information about a stock's volatility and possible reversal points. The resolution of the study is to assess how well these indicators work together when making decisions about when to enter and exit the stock market. Bollinger Bands are computed using standard deviations from the moving average to determine possible breakout or breakdown levels. At the same time, RSI is used to estimate the momentum of the stock as well as possible trend reversal points. By combining the two indicators, a trading strategy is created that will produce buy signals when certain criteria are met. The study employs historical stock price data to evaluate the strategy's resilience and flexibility by applying it to a range of stocks and time periods. Performance metrics are used to assess the efficacy of the suggested strategy, such as accuracy, return on investment, and risk management. The potential of using RSI and Bollinger Bands as complimentary tools to improve trading decisions is demonstrated by the results. The results add to the corpus of knowledge on technical analysis and provide traders and investors with useful information for optimising their strategies in volatile markets.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

- Bollinger Bands, Relative Strength Index, Technical Analysis, Stock Trading, Buy-Sell Signals, Volatility, Momentum.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Gelatin possesses five basic properties that make it suitable for the manufacture of capsules: It is nontoxic, widely used in foodstuffs, and is acceptable for use worldwide. It is readily soluble in biological fluids at body temperature. It is a good film forming material producing a strong flexible film. Gelatin is a substance of natural origin that does not occur as such in nature. Gelatin is a heterogeneous product derived by hydrolytic extraction of animal collagen, a natural protein, which occurs in the skin, bones and connective tissue of the animals. The prepared beetroot powder was filled in the purchased gelatine capsule. About 3g of beetroot powder was filled in the capsule using gloves in a closed and sterilized area. The weight of each the capsule was about 5g. It was then preserved in a polyethylene zip cover and sealed for further analysis. From the Table it is clear that phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids are actively present in the prepared capsule. The colour which is the measure of the concentration is measured calorimetrically. As a result the beetroot sample appeared red in colour and using the obtained calorimetric value the observed value of the sample was determined to be 6.28 mg of Iron.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gelatin, phytoconstituents, beet root capsule

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A common environmental problem brought on by the atmospheric deposition of acidic materials is acid rain. This abstract looks into the various aspects of acid rain, emphasizing its sources, consequences, and strategies used to lessen its harmful impacts. Anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels and industrial processes, are the main causes of acid rain. Another factor contributing to this complex phenomenon is natural sources like volcanic eruptions. The effects of acid rain span various ecosystems, impacting aquatic life, soil quality, vegetation, and human health. Acidification of water bodies disrupts ecological balance, causing harm to aquatic organisms and posing a threat to biodiversity. Additionally, acid rain's ecological effects are made worse by the release of toxic metals into the environment. International coordination is vital, recognizing the cross-border transfer of contaminants. Enhancing energy efficiency and promoting alternative energy sources are two sustainable practices that support a holistic strategy to reduce precursors of acid rain. One naturally occurring remedy that helps restore acid rain-affected ecosystems is reforestation. It is crucial to conduct ongoing studies, raise awareness, and modify mitigation techniques in response to acid rain's changing characteristics. Understanding the sources, impacts, and measures of acid rain is essential for developing effective policies and practices that promote sustainable cohabitation with our planet as humanity tries to strike a balance between development and environmental preservation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Atmospheric pollutants, Environmental impact, Mitigation strategies, Soil acidification and Water Quality

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the incorporation of balloon vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum) and ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) foliage into breakfast recipes, emphasizing a holistic approach encompassing nutritional, sensory, and physiochemical analyses. Balloon vine and ivy gourd foliage, often overlooked as culinary ingredients, harbor a wealth of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and sensory attributes that could enhance the nutritional quality and sensory appeal of breakfast dishes. The methodology comprises several interconnected phases to comprehensively evaluate the potential of these botanicals in breakfast recipes. Initial stages involve the procurement of fresh balloon vine and ivy gourd foliage from reliable sources, ensuring the quality and authenticity of the botanical specimens. Subsequent nutritional analyses encompass proximate composition, micronutrient profiling, and determination of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids. These analyses shed light on the nutritional composition of balloon vine and ivy gourd foliage, providing insights into their potential health-promoting effects. The sensory aspect of the study focuses on evaluating the acceptability, flavor profiles, and overall sensory characteristics of breakfast recipes incorporating balloon vine and ivy gourd foliage. The Integration of balloon vine and ivy gourd foliage into breakfast recipes offers a promising avenue for enhancing the nutritional diversity and culinary innovation in breakfast menus. By leveraging the unique nutritional profiles and sensory attributes of these botanicals, breakfast dishes can be fortified with essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and phytochemicals, contributing to overall health and wellness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Foliages, bioactive compounds, breakfast dishes

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the recruitment and selection process at Surya Elevators, with a focus on evaluating the existing process, strategies employed, and employee satisfaction. Through a combination of data analysis and employee feedback, the research aims to identify areas for improvement and enhance the overall effectiveness of the recruitment and selection process. The study examines the existing recruitment and selection process followed by Surya Elevators, mapping out the various stages involved and assessing their efficiency and effectiveness. Secondly, it explores the strategies employed by the company to attract and select candidates, including sourcing methods, screening techniques, and interview processes. Finally, The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for Surya Elevators to optimize its recruitment and selection processes, leading to better hiring outcomes, improved employee satisfaction, and enhanced organizational performance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Recruitment, selection process, Surya Elevators, employee satisfaction, strategies.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

People rely nearly entirely on internet transactions in today's environment. While there are benefits to online transactions, such as ease of use, practicality, speedier payments, etc., there are drawbacks as well, such as fraud, phishing, data loss, etc. An individual's privacy may be violated by fraud and deceptive transactions, which are a continual concern with the rise in online transactions. In order to stop high risk transactions, several commercial banks and insurance providers invested millionsof rupees in developing a transaction detection system. We introduced a transaction fraud detection model with some feature engineering that is based on machine learning. As the algorithm processes as much data as it can, it will gain more stable and performance.The online fraud transaction detection project can make use of these methods. The se include the collection of a dataset including specific online transactions. Then, with the use of machine learning algorithms, we are able to identify the distinct or unusual data patterns that will be helpful in identifying fraudulent transactions. The KNN method, which consists of a cluster of decision trees, will be applied for optimal outcomes. Recently, this algorithm has taken over the ML community. This method is faster and more accurate than previous machine learning techniques.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

k-nearest neighbors algorithm

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Anand Neelakantan, an Indian author known for his retelling of mythological tales, offers a unique perspective on Indiana myths through his literary works. In this research paper, we delve into Neelakantan's narrative style and thematic explorations within the realm of Indiana myths, analyzing how he reinterprets these ancient tales to reflect contemporary socio-political contexts. Neelakantan's reinterpretations challenge traditional perceptions, unraveling complex layers of morality, identity, and power dynamics inherent in ancient tales. Through meticulous analysis, this study navigates the intricacies of characters like Ravana, Duryodhana, and Bhadra, shedding light on their humanity, motivations, and societal contexts. By dismantling the dichotomy of heroism and villainy, Neelakantan invites readers to reassess conventional notions of good and evil, prompting critical reflection on cultural narratives and moral ambiguities. Drawing from Indian folklore and history, this abstract offers insights into Neelakantan's narrative techniques, thematic explorations, and their broader implications for contemporary discourse on myth, identity, and morality in Indian literature and beyond.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

iIndian Mythology, Deconstruction, Hero, Villian, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Epic.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper explores the implementation of the Caesar Cipher, a foundational encryption method attributed to Julius Caesar, covering applications in plain text, image and file-based contexts. It outlines the encryption and decryption processes for plain text, showcasing the simplicity and functionality of the cipher. Additionally, it extends its application to file-based operations, addressing scenarios requiring secure file communication. pixel - based enhance digital image security through advanced encryption techniques, including pixel manipulation and robust key management, with a user-friendly interface. The ability to employ secure communication methods and the process of rendering original messages unintelligible are known as cryptography. Caesar cipher is a method for protecting communications from dissidents by encrypting them into unintelligible form. The Caesar cipher is a type of symmetric technology that uses a secret key to transform messages. Caesar cipher has several difficulties, including ease of hacking, low security, and pattern recognition. Decrypting the entire communication is possible. All ASCII and extended ASCII characters, including alphabets, can be used to encrypt data using the Caesar cipher. This will offer an enhanced aspect of the Caesar cipher that can overcome any danger it faces. Plain Text Encryption and Decryption: The research paper details the stepwise procedures for encrypting and decrypting plain text using the Caesar Cipher, emphasizing key selection, alphabet shifting, and substitution. Practical examples illustrate the cipher's practicality and efficacy in securing messages. File Encryption and Decryption: Beyond plain text, the research paper explores the extension of the Caesar Cipher to file-based operations. It describes the process of reading content from a file, applying the cipher algorithm, and writing the processed data back to the file. This application caters to secure file communication, aligning with the principles of the Caesar Cipher. Image Encryption and Decryption: The paper aims to enhance digital image security using advanced encryption techniques. It converts images into byte data and employs pixel manipulation algorithms for encryption. Strong encryption methods, including symmetric and asymmetric encryption, are utilized along with robust key management practices. The project features a user-friendly interface for easy interaction.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Caesar Cipher, Encryption, Decryption, Plain Text, File Encryption, Image Encryption, Pixel Manipulation, Symmetric Encryption, Asymmetric Encryption, Key Management, Security, Cryptography, Digital Image Security, User- friendly Interface, Secure Communication

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of digital marketing and its importance for both consumers and marketers. This article begins with an introduction to digital marketing, followed by the tools of digital marketing, the difference between traditional and digital marketing, and the advantages, disadvantages and importance of digital marketing in modern times. Today everything is going digital and marketing is no exception. As With development of technology the use of digital marketing, social media marketing, and search engine marketing. The number of internet users is growing rapidly, and digital marketing has benefited the most as it is mostly dependent on the internet. The buying behavior of consumers is changing and they are more inclined towards digital marketing instead of traditional marketing.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Digital Marketing, Internet, Email, Search Engine

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Present paper deals with certain hydrological parameters and distribution of phytoplankton's characteristics of Ramshila pond at Gaya District in different times intervals. A total of 36 species of Phytoplankton's were indentified during research period. Among the identified phytoplankton species Cyanophyceae formed the dominant group, followed by Euglenophyceae Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae . The hydrological parameters such as, pH, temperature, calcium, phosphate, alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, Floride ,iron and sulphate, were estimated in the samples to evaluate their quality. Phytoplankton species Cyanophyceae formed the dominant group, followed by Euglenophyceae ,Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and concentration of BOD, DO, Total hardness, Calcium, sulphate, alkalinity, phosphate, iron and chloride are within permissible limits and Iron, phosphate are negligible in comparison to permissible limits .The proper treatment necessary before the use for drinking purposes and irrigation purposes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hydrological Parameters, Phytoplankton's, Pond, Water quality,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates revenue expenditure patterns of Special Category States in India, assessing how expenditures have evolved over time. Analysis shows a predominance in general services expenditure (45%) followed by social (35%) and economic (20%) services. Despite overall increases in per capita expenditure, there is a varying gap between higher- and lower-income states, with Sikkim and Mizoram spending the most in their respective income groups. Post-2003, the study finds a decline in social and economic expenditures as a proportion of GSDP, highlighting the impact of the Fifth Pay Commission and FRBM Act on state fiscal policies. These reforms have led to tightened budget constraints and reduced expenditure on key services relative to the size of the state economies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Revenue Expenditure, Special Category States, Fiscal Policy, FRBM Act, India's State Budgets.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Clay, UCS, Secant modulus, Coconut fibre

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

People suffers a lot now a days regarding the bank related system like opening a bank account, availing bank loans, collecting the information and so on Al based chatbot .The system is developed with the implementation of knowledge based information collection system with server and the training. As the process carried out with artificial intelligence and machine learning a knowledge based training has been carried out with the Decision Tree Algorithm Virtual Assistance system.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chatbot, AI, Banking, Query Training, Android, PHP, SQL.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research article delves into the intricate legal landscape concerning the vicarious liability of directors and signatories under section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (NI Act), juxtaposed with the provisions of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC). Through a critical analysis of judicial precedents, including Aneeta Hada v Godfather Travels & Tours (P) Ltd and Ajay Kumar Radheyshyam Goenka v Tourism Finance Corporation of India Ltd, this paper explores the nuanced interplay between these two statutes. It argues that while the IBC provides for the discharge of corporate debtor liabilities, the vicarious liability of directors and signatories remains unaffected, thus ensuring accountability and ethical corporate practice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words: Vicarious Liability, Negotiable Instruments Act, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: The utilization of herbal remedies for respiratory ailments has gained significant attention due to their perceived efficacy and minimal adverse effects. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate an herbal cough syrup utilizing pomegranate peel extract, known for its rich phytochemical composition and potential therapeutic properties. Pomegranate peel extract was obtained through solvent extraction, and its phytoconstituents were characterized using standard analytical techniques. The cough syrup formulation was developed using a combination of pomegranate peel extract, honey, glycerin, and appropriate excipients to enhance stability and palatability. Various physicochemical parameters, including viscosity, pH, density, and organoleptic properties, were evaluated to ensure the formulation's quality and consistency. The formulated herbal cough syrup underwent in vitro and in vivo evaluation to assess its efficacy in alleviating cough symptoms. In vitro studies included antimicrobial activity against common respiratory pathogens, while in vivo evaluation involved assessing its cough-suppressing effects using an animal model. Preliminary results indicate that the formulated herbal cough syrup exhibited desirable physicochemical properties and demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against respiratory pathogens. Moreover, the in vivo study revealed promising cough-suppressing effects compared to standard cough syrups. In conclusion, the formulation of an herbal cough syrup utilizing pomegranate peel extract presents a potential natural remedy for cough management. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its mechanism of action, optimize formulation parameters, and evaluate long-term safety and efficacy in clinical settings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Herbal cough syrup, Pomegranate peel extract, Formulation, Evaluation, Phytochemicals, Respiratory ailments, antimicrobial activity, Cough suppression, Natural remedy, Clinical study,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition