Volume 5 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) allow for wireless devices to form a network without the need for central infrastructure. While the lack of need for infrastructure allows the network to be very flexible, it also makes routing a critical concern in the network. The member nodes are themselves responsible for the creation, operation and maintenance of the network using single hop or multi hop communication. RSA is a popular algorithm in public key cryptography. In existing work, RSA and DES algorithm are used to encrypt and decrypt data but we performed Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption which provides much better results. We have applied AES for secure routing of data between source and destination. This shows in the Network Simulator (NS2) Simulation which proved that our methodology is far better than the existing work.

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 Keywords

Ad Hoc Network, Routing protocol, AODV protocol, RSA Algorithm, AES Encryption

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A bank in a broader sense has a cluster of financial institutions open to the public to serve individuals, various institutions, and different businesses. Theses financial stakeholders are authorized by state and federal laws to receive or lend money from any kind of businesses, individuals, NGO etc. from their own or from any country around the world. Banking business has done wonders for the world economy. In the absence of banking business, savings would sit idle in our homes, the entrepreneurs would not be in a position to raise the money, ordinary people dreaming for a new car or house would not be able to purchase cars or houses. Cooperative banks are performing multipurpose functions of financial, administrative, supervisory and development in nature of expansion and development of cooperative credit system. In brief, the cooperative banks have to act as a friend, philosopher and guide to entire cooperative structure in rural and semi urban areas. The study is based on some urban co-op banks in Delhi (India). The study undertakes the bank’s performance along with the lending practices provided to the customers of their banks. This study highlights the lending patterns of the customers from various cooperative banks in Delhi. This study will help us to find the role of lending practices in credit risk Management.

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 Keywords

Cooperative movement of India, Usury, Rural Indebtedness, Cooperative Banks, Lending Practices, Loan, Internet/Online Banking, Credit Cards.

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A Non-performing asset (NPA) is defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest and/or installment of bond finance principal has remained 'past due' for a specified period of time. NPA is used by financial institutions that refer to loans that are in jeopardy of default. There is no doubt that increasing NPA has become a crucial concern for any bank whether it is commercial or co-operative. There are instances where many co-operative banks have faced strict action and closure from the central bank. The present paper is an attempt to study and analyse the causes of NPA in selected co-operative banks in Delhi. It studies the causes of NPA at the micro level for co-operative banks and brings out the major causes responsible for assets turning into non- performing. This paper further highlights the importance of NPA in credit Risk mitigation in Cooperative banks in Delhi. The findings of this paper will significantly contribute to the effective asset allocation to cooperative bank and help them to grow and succeed.

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 Keywords

NPA, Credit Risk Management, Cooperative banks in Delhi

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Food security of a nation gets affected by many factors. This papers attempts to develop an index that indicates how food security situation is likely to change given the changes in these underlying factors. With such an index, the policy makers can get an early warning signal as soon as the underlying factors change. If two opposite forces change together, the index might show that there is no need for any action because the change in one has been taken care of by the change in the other. Tajikistan is taken up as a case study to try out this index.

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 Keywords

Tajik economy; food security in Tajikistan; food security index, regression for Tajik food security.

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 Abstract

Training is a process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is an application of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules and procedure to guide their behavior. It attempts to improve their performance on the current job or prepare them for an indented job.Training is a process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is an application of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules and procedure to guide their behavior. It attempts to improve their performance on the current job or prepare them for an indented job. The organizations that are able to acquire develop, stimulate and keep outstanding workers will be both effective and efficient. Those organizations that are ineffective or inefficient risk the hazards of stagnating or going out of business Human Resource thus, creates organizations and makes them survive and prosper. If Human Resource are neglected or mismanaged, the organization is unlikely to do well. Human Resource Management (HRM) is an approach to the management of people .

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Training, Development, Productivity

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 Abstract

TO STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PROMOTIONAL PROGRAMMES AND ITS EFFECTS ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ‘MORE’ PRODUCTS.

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TO STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PROMOTIONAL PROGRAMMES AND ITS EFFECTS ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ‘MORE’ PRODUCTS.

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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), including khadi and village/rural enterprises are credited with generating the highest rates of employment growth and account for a major share of industrial production and exports. The handloom industry is one of the major units of MEMEs sector. This industry is the oldest and the most widely spread rural industry in India. This industry plays significant role in growth and development of economy of our country. Handloom industries not only create employment opportunities and proper utilization of raw materials but also contribute in the national income and removal of regional imbalances. These industries are not only producing goods but also supplying ancillary goods to large industries. The sector is playing a prominent role in ensuring the inclusive growth and regional balance. Besides, the sector is facing brunt in the form of competition from power loom and mill sector, opened opportunities due to improved technology, collaborations government intervention. As we know agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy in the same manner Micro and Small business sectors are the backbone of the big industries in India this fact cannot be discarded by us, and thus Demonetization is a radical in this regard the present study is one of ant work to study the impact of demonetization in India with primary data study.

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 Keywords

Economy, Employment, Handloom, Problems and MSMEs.

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HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

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One way to judge the state of nation is to study the status of its women. In reality, the status of women represents the standard of culture of any age. The social status of the women of a country symbolizes the social spirit of the age. However to draw a conclusion about the position of women is a difficult and complicated problem. It is therefore, necessary to trace this position in the historical perspective. In the course of Indian history from prehistoric to modem times, there were distinct stages of the rise and fall in the status and role of women. In ancient India, though patriarchal system was highly prevalent - al1 male domination -- women enjoyed a position of respect and reverence. Several inscriptions make references to the status of women in that they enjoyed the freedom to make liberal gifts to religious institutions like temples, dharmasalas not merely for the welfare of heads of the families but for their parents as well. This paper includes historical background of women. Socio-Economic condition of women, and political participation of women in India etc.

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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND : A STUDY ON STATUS OF WOMEN IN INDIA

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 Abstract

Rape Problems

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Rape Problems

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In the history of mankind after the 'Wheel', ' Internet' is the powerful invention which has travelled distances technologically. Internet plays a vital role in transforming the ways of learning, teaching and communicating. Social media is increasingly becoming popular as the platform is open for exchange of thoughts and ideas through various modes like tweets, posts, blogs etc. The only restriction here is the number, the number of words and characters used, which of course curtails creativity. The emergence of a new English dialect called 'Text-English' has come to the rescue of those creative people who cannot restrict their ideas to limited words. The popularity of social media exchanges signify that technology users have accepted this quick social media interactions as a new way of life and have also adjusted their writing to match the content restrictions. According to Educators and Old School Learners the new Text-English is infiltrating the Standard English by blurring the distinction between formal and informal writing. The phenomenal popularity of short- short stories which fit in tweets and texts are an example of how adversity can be turned into an opportunity. However, there are concerns regarding the usage of digital language in literature which is severing the characteristics elements of the standard language in order to comply with the restrictions. This paper tries to bring out the impact of Social Media on the English language.

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 Keywords

Internet, Social Media, short-short stories, Text-English, Internet slang.

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Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a crucial technology in the advancement of medical diagnostics, providing tools for precise, reliable, and efficient disease diagnosis. This review paper examines various studies highlighting the integration of ML in medical diagnostics, focusing on state-of-the-art techniques used in detecting diseases such as Alzheimer's, cardiovascular diseases, bipolar disorder, Parkinson's disease, and the implications of ML in agriculture for disease detection in crops. We explore the methodologies, datasets, and performance metrics used, as well as the advantages and challenges of each approach. The paper concludes with a discussion of future objectives to enhance the efficacy and application of ML in medical diagnostics.

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Review Paper: A Comprehensive Overview of Machine Learning Applications in Medical Diagnostics

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Health and living situations are important aspects in a college student's academic performance. This paper investigated the interrelationship of academic stress, health and psycho-social situation among 332 women undergraduates. The study reveals that health and living situations are interdependent set of physiological, psychological, and social processes that can influence, in varying degrees, girl students' academic performances. Healthy lifestyles do relate to a college student's life, such as attending classes, working, socializing and upholding interpersonal relationships. The college and University authorities must support the academic mission of student learning by assisting students in leading quality based healthier lives.

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Living Situation, Health, Academic Stress, Lifestyle

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The Current Study is designed to model slope stability analysis of earthen dam using finite element method by GEOSTUDIO 2012 Software. The Earthen dam is an important civil engineering structure that is multifunctional and used throughout the world. Slope Stability Investigation is very important issues that should be considered at designing. This paper describes the slope stability of earthen slopes by limit Equilibrium method in the Geo studio Software it is mainly Geotechnical Software. For Slope stability problem Slope/w tool was used from the software and it is completely based on the limit equilibrium principles. This Analysis is mainly carried out to describe the factor of safety for different slope values (H: V). The minimum factor of safety and the critical slip surface are determined using Morgenstern-Price method and Mohr's Coulombs Expression. For the minimum factor of safety, the material properties are carried out such as unit weight, cohesion, angle of friction and the piezometric line for slope stability analysis

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Limit Equilibrium, Cohesion, Angle of internal friction, Factor of safety, Slope/W, slope stability, Geo Studio.

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A supply of water is necessary for human survival. Access to clean drinking water is essential for a person's healthy development. This is a thorough analysis of the phytoplankton ecology found in India's freshwater lakes. To gain a deeper comprehension of the dispersion of phytoplankton, review research was conducted. The relationship between phytoplankton and several parameters in Indian lakes, including temperature, wind, transparency, sunlight penetration, pH, and seasonal fluctuations, was covered by the authors. Additionally, the relationship between phytoplankton and nutrient enrichment and prey-predator dynamics was examined. The findings showed the authors that every lake environment is unique from the others. The authors came to the final conclusion that phytoplankton ecology serves as an indicator for assessing the effects of influencing factors. These elements offer a good lake management strategy. The ecology of phytoplankton offers a platform for tracking and evaluating freshwater lake management tactics.

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Phytoplankton, Lake, Seasonal fluctuation, ecology, pH

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 Abstract

The main aim of the paper is simulation and synthesis of the 16-bit RISC CPU based on MIPS. The project involves design of simple RISC processor and simulating it. A Reduced Instruction Set Compiler (RISC) is a microprocessor that has been designed to perform a small set of instructions, with the aim of increasing the overall speed of the processor .In this work, we analyze MIPS instruction format, instruction data path, decoder module function and design theory based on RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) CPU instruction set. We use pipeline design process to simulate successfully, which involves instruction fetch (IF), instruction decoder (ID), execution (EXE), data memory (MEM), write back (WB) modules of 16-bit CPU based on RISC CPU instruction set. In this project we are using hazard detection unit helps for accurate behavior of the system. In this project for simulation we use Modelsim for logical verification, and further synthesizing it on Xilinx-ISE tool using target technology and performing placing & routing operation for system verification. The language we used here is VERILOG, and tools required here are XILINX -ISE 13.1-Synthesis.This processor make it especially suited to embedded control applications.

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 Keywords

MIPS, RISC, Simulation Synthesis, Instruction Set, MODELSIM, RTL Schematic, Technology Schematic

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The financial market always increases or decreases due to some information. At present, stock markets have been showing extremely unpredictable movement, which is only due to new pieces of information, and news or events. The economy of any country is evaluated by the stock market and this stock market depends on factors such as, politics, Taxation policy, inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, GDP, GNP, changes in ruling parties, elections, etc. On July 1st, 2017, India reached a significant milestone with the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). This momentous occasion signified a historic moment in the nation's history, bringing to fruition a 14-year endeavor that began in December 2002 when the Kelkar Task Force on indirect taxes recommended a comprehensive GST framework grounded in the value-added tax principle. This paper analyses the share price performance around National elections in India for short term over period of 3, 5, 7, 15 days pre post period over the implementation of GST. We investigate shareholders' returns around national elections for 50 companies of NSE NIFTY, NIFTY NEXT50, MIDCAP50 AND SMALLCAP 100. Stock prices have been observed over different event windows for the short term like (-3, +3), (-5, +5), (-7, +7) (-15, +15) days around the event date (election date). SPSS software has been used to analyze the data and the test applied is paired T-test.

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 Keywords

Good & Service Tax, Nifty, paired T-test.

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 Abstract

Even after regulatory changes the need for protection, health care, long term savings & retirement remains the major concerns while considering investment in life insurance. Therefore, the situation is not at all bad for the life insurance sector in India. Thus to study different demographic factors affecting the investment decision in life insurance becomes necessary time to time. Age, Occupation, Education, Marital status etc. are some of the variables which are analysed to find their association while making investment decision in life insurance.

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 Keywords

Demographic variables, Life Insurance, Investment Descision.

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Collaborative learning has been recognized as a valuable pedagogical approach that fosters active student engagement, critical thinking, and knowledge construction. With the advent of online platforms, educators have increasingly leveraged digital tools to facilitate collaborative learning experiences. This research paper presents a comparative analysis of different online platforms used for implementing collaborative learning approaches. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, this paper explores the features, functionalities, strengths, and limitations of various tools, including learning management systems (LMS), social media platforms, and specialized collaboration tools. Additionally, it examines the effectiveness of these tools in promoting student interaction, communication, and collaboration, as well as their impact on learning outcomes. By synthesizing empirical evidence and practical insights, this paper offers recommendations for educators and institutions seeking to optimize the implementation of collaborative learning through online platforms.

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collaborative learning, online platforms, learning management systems, social media, collaboration tools.

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Cloud Storage, as the module that provides data storage service in the Cloud Computing architecture, has evolved into the core component of Cloud Computing in recent years. This is one of the benefits of cloud computing: it allows you to produce and save data on remote computers. However, this gain has the implied disadvantage of data security and privacy concerns. There are numerous techniques and methodologies for achieving data security in cloud computing, but it also comes with a number of concerns. In this paper, we discuss many aspects of data security.

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Cloud Security, Security Challenges, Cloud computing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition