Volume 11 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Currently, the concept of a smart city is implemented through elements such as smart farming, smart emergency services, and smart traffic analysis, among others. A smart city should also have an automated system for smart drainage since the drainage system is one of society's necessities. The sewage system in India is one of the biggest problems. Poor upkeep causes sewage water to periodically mix with drinking water and overflow onto the streets, endangering the health of nearby residents. We suggest the Smart Drainage Monitoring System model to solve this issue. The subsurface drainage system's water level, water flow rate, and gas level will all be monitored by this planned system.The measured values will be evaluated, saved in the cloud, and used to update an app that tracks the health of the drainage system. A notification addressing the problem will be delivered to our mobile when the conditions turn critical (reach threshold values). The goal is to develop a solution utilising cutting-edge IOT technologies to obtain a thorough examination of the data gathered by various IOT sensors

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SMART DRAINAGE MONITORING SYSTEM

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शोध पत्र का सार पंचायती राज व्यवस्था भारत के राष्ट्र निर्माण के गौरव में एक अमिट छाप छोड़ती है। स्थानीय स्वशासन हमारे शक्तियों के विकेंद्रीकरण और पारदर्शिता का परिणाम है। पंचायती राज संस्थानों में ग्राम ब्लाक और जिला स्तर पर परिलक्षित संगठन और उनका बुनियादी इतिहास हमारे सशक्त भारत की नींव है। विभिन्न समितियों ने समय-समय पर इसमें सुधार की रूपरेखा प्रस्तुत की है। पंचायती राज संस्था का विकास उसकी शक्तियां और कार्य और उसमें सुधार की गुंजाइश ओं का एक बेहतर लेख इस शोध पत्र के माध्यम से दिया गया है।

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कुंजी शब्द- स्थानीय स्वशासन, पंचायत समिति, सामाजिक क्रांति, ग्राम पंचायत, विकेंद्रीकरण

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Practical experimentation is an essential component of teaching process. When the course contents have to be delivered to the students in a classroom, the theoretical background of the topic has to be made clear, which time and again is provided through series of Theory sessions or lectures. To support these theory sessions and enhance the comprehensive understanding of the topic, practical experiments are designed by the Expert teachers. Students get limited time span to perform the experiment and understand as well as analyze the results. The instructors explain and demonstrate the experimental setup during the same time span which leaves very less time for actual experimentation and repetition of the experiment. As a result of this, most of the students do not understand the concept and application of the experimentation. In this research work a methodology of Flipped classroom is proposed where the Educator will make a video clip of every experiment as per the syllabus for a class. In this video session, the theoretical background will be explained at the beginning and then the demonstration related to making connections, noting down the observations, debugging the errors and concluding the experiment will be covered. These videos will be shared with the students through internet well ahead of the experimentation schedule so that students can go through them until they understand as per their grasping level and spend more practice time in performing experiments in the Laboratory.

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Flipped Classroom, Practical experimentation, video sessions, Comprehensive Understanding, More practice time.

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In India, children are recognized as both victims and offenders under the legal system. The legal framework for the protection of children in India is mainly governed by the Constitution of India , the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 , and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012.Despite the legal framework in place, children in India continue to face numerous challenges as victims and offenders. There are various socio-economic factors that contribute to the vulnerability of children in India, such as poverty, illiteracy, and lack of access to healthcare and education. Additionally, there are often gaps in the implementation of laws and policies aimed at protecting children, leading to a lack of adequate protection and support. This paper aims at analyzing the legal framework to deal with children as offenders and victims keeping in mind the special provisions formulated like the reverse burden of prrof. It analyses the impact of these special provisions on the rights of others.

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Juvenile Justice, POCSO. Reverse burden of proof

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Indian Railways is the largest railway network in Asia and additionally world's second largest network operated underneath a single management. Due to its large size it is difficult to monitor the cracks in tracks manually. This paper deals with this problem and detects cracks in tracks with the help of ultrasonic sensor attached to moving robot. Ultrasonic sensor allows the device to moves back and forth across the track and if there is any fault, it gives information to the cloud server through which railway department is informed on time about cracks and many lives can be saved. This is the application of IoT, due to this it is cost effective system. This effective methodology of continuous observation and assessment of rail tracks might facilitate to stop accidents. This methodology endlessly monitors the rail stress, evaluate the results and provide the rail break alerts such as potential buckling conditions, bending of rails and wheel impact load detection to the concerned authorities. Here we proposed an innovative approach to detect railway track crack as this system detects crack based on image processing. Many image preprocessing steps is used to detect railway track crack. As image is prone to noise. System converts image to grayscale image and uses filtering to remove noise from image. Noise removal helps to detect crack more accurately. Image luminous level is increased and image is converted to binary image. This helps system to detect only crack and helps to remove other unwanted objects. Image once converted to binary image, holes are filled by using image processing method this helps to reject all smaller objects which are not required for crack detection. Crack is detected based on the intensity value. Intensity value is for accuracy.

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 Keywords

IoT, NodeMCU ESP32, Ultrasonic sensor, IR Sensor.

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Node MCU,Piezo-Buzzer,Lcd,ARP voice module

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One of the most popular and much sought-after culinary items worldwide is cookies. Due to the useful qualities of aloe vera gel, an attempt was made to manufacture the cookies based on this information. The study's main objective was to evaluate the nutritional and sensory qualities of cookies made with aloe vera. The sensory evaluation of biscuits containing 10%, 20%, and 30% aloe vera gel was done in order to discover the optimal formulation. Compared to the cookies with 20% and 30% aloe vera gel, those with 20% aloe vera gel were deemed to be the most widely acceptable. Due to their useful qualities, biscuits made with aloe vera may also be beneficial for the most vulnerable populations in underdeveloped nations.

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Aloe vera; Antioxidants; Mineral contents; Quality attributes; Functional food

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Fast dissolving films are becoming more popular recently as an option to fast dissolving tablets. By way of its quick dissolution and ability to be administered without the use of water or chewing, oral fast dissolving film is one such novel strategy to boost customer acceptance. The First pass effect and gastrointestinal tract degradation can be avoided because the drug is immediately absorbed into systemic circulation. The formulation process, assessment criteria and potential future applications of oral fast dissolving films are discussed in this study.

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Fast Dissolving Films, Buccal Slow Release, Development, Efficacy

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Hairs, hairs which play an important role in personality! But in today's world or in today's life our hair is strong or not? Or quality and life span of our hair is getting damaged due to shampoos? Especially shampoos which are made from lots of chemicals. Chemicals that cause baldness, chemicals that cause irritation, and most important chemicals which cause cancers. For this problem, there is only one solution which is to use a shampoo that is made from ingredients obtained from nature. This research involves the development of shampoo bars which is made with natural ingredient which only give protection to your hair but also give soothing and g effect, good health for hair. Use shampoo bars that are chemical-free, SLS-free, natural, abundant, and sustainable.

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Shampoo bar, Ayurveda, herbal preparation, antidandruff, Herbal shampoo

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Cybercrime is the term used to describe the use of computers to further illegal actions such as fraud, the trafficking of child pornographic content and other intellectual property, identity theft, privacy intrusions, etc. It comprises the dissemination of viruses, illegal file downloads, participating in phishing scams, and the theft of personal information like bank account details, etc. A crime is considered a "cybercrime" if it has "computer" and "internet" as two of its main components. As a result, cybercrimes are frequently referred to as computer crimes. Most cyberattacks fall under the umbrella of "economic crimes," which are frequently carried out by highly organised criminals and make use of the most advanced tools.

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To study cybercrimes and how they relate to online banking To create awareness among the public

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The number of cases in the sanitarium keeps adding every time and, in some cases, blood pressure must be measured by medical staff regularly. This means that the medical staff needs to attend to the matter routinely and several readings are needed in each session to make sure the results are accurate. Thus, there's a need to simplify the monitoring process inside hospitals. IoT Blood Pressure Monitoring System is built in this study to cover any blood pressure scenario. This design uses NodeMcu as a portal for seeing the blood pressure value online. The result showed that the design is able to transfer data from the blood pressure sensor through the network using USB TTL periodical string which is directly attached to the NoduMcu. stoner can also continuously view the blood pressure reading from think to speak pall operations and mobile service. likewise, the system can measure the value of blood pressure directly when the stoner is in a sitting position.

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NodeMCU, ESP8266 wi-fi module, Thingspeak, GSM module, DHT11 sensor, BP sensor.

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In India farming is done by traditional ways besides that there has been large development of industrial and service sector as compared to that of agriculture sector. In the Agriculture sector there will be a lot of filed work such as weeding, reaping, sowing, spraying, and planting etc., Apart from these operations plantings plays a vital role in the agriculture process by the farmers to reduce the labour cost, time consumptions space by using this paddy planting machine. Manual method of seed planting results in low seed placement, spacing efficiencies, and serious backpain for the farmers, which confines the size of field that can be planted. The cost of imported planters has gone beyond the purchasing power of most of our farmers. To get the best performance from paddy planter, the above limits are to be enhanced by proper design and selection of the components essential on the machine to suit the need of corps. The people who use this type of machine are farmers and they are economically poor. The equipment is easy to use and operate. This equipment makes use of both renewable energy and mechanisms.

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Mechanism, Devices, Design, Modeling, Analysis

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Many research have been done on academic success and the field that it belongs to. So, the researcher again took the effort to cover a few of the last remaining factors related to academic success that are taken into account. The most important predictor of intellect and the one utilized to evaluate an individual in Indian society is academic accomplishment. As a result, academic success also indicates a person's level of learning and capacity. It is a multidimensional phenomenon in addition to that. The manner in which one acquires knowledge and applies it is a crucial factor to take into account in the overall educational processes, according to recent studies ("Graf, Lin, & Kinshuk, 2008; Kolb & Kolb, 2009; Syler et al., 2006; Thor- ton, Haskell & Libby, 2006; Zualkernan, Allert, & Qadah, 2006"). "Acknowledging of individual learning styles is an attempt to characterize the complicated processes by which one acquires knowledge," according to Kolb, Rubin, and McIntyre in 1974. Biggs & Moore (1993) also stated that "learning style may be regarded of as a formulation of preconceptions by an individual engaged in the action of learning" in support of their statement. The significance of academic accomplishment and learning styles has been emphasized in numerous earlier studies. The researcher intended to conduct the investigation in order to identify any potential influences on secondary school students' academic performance and learning preferences. In general, the conceptualization of academic achievement and learning styles and their associated correlates maintains the commitment for researchers, educators, and other practitioners who seek to understand the concepts and their behavioral aspects and apply targeted, strategic interventions to support the students in coping up and striving for excellence. Little research has been done on these variables when they are combined at different levels, according to literature sources. As a result, it is essential to build understanding of variables from a variety of perspectives, including social, psychological, and educational ones. The researcher became interested in the subject and decided to pursue it in order to probe deeply into the relationship between learning styles and academic accomplishment.

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LEARNING STYLES AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO EXTRAVERSION-INTROVERSION, DIVERGENT THINKING AND LOCUS OF CONTROL

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In the present era of technology, the role of the teacher is very precious to build and promote the peace in schools as well as in society. With the development of the technology apart from the advantages it has also brought many drawbacks which has destructed peace and created many conflicts and brought major setback in the present era of 21st century. It is said no work can be done effectively without peace; peace is primary component to complete a task with proper effectiveness. Where peace failed to spread its objectives there the extent of conflict, violence, terrorism is quite higher, on the other hand, where peace has reached to peoples there we could see a least of violence occurrence. Peace is directly or indirectly related to every phenomenon; in the field of teacher education also the need of the hour is peace. Since teacher plays pivotal role to promote the messages of peace in the present society, so he can do a bid to tackle the violence and secure peace across the countries, we have been witnessed with different activities of teacher while and where the society faces challenges in terms of drug addiction, crime, steal and so on there the teacher succeed to overcome such situations through its institutions. In this regard, teacher education institutions can play key role to take such kind of responsibilities as only such kind of institutions produce student teachers every year with greater extent by ensuring its standard in terms of quality. Therefore, the present paper aims to proliferation about the role of teacher in promoting and maintaining peace in the present day situation and also to spread the message for having harmonious and prosperous life.

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Teacher Education, Peace, 21st century, violence

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The increasing use of mobile has raised concerns about how exposure patterns may affect mental health of children and adolescents. At one hand, there are several advantages of smartphone use such as improving academic skills, reading recognition and enriching vocabulary and expressive language. On the other hand, overuse of mobile phones may lead to mental or behavioural problems including poor academic performance, decreased real-life social interaction, neglect of one's personal life, relationship disorders and mood dysfunction. Parents faced challenges in the controlling screen time of their children. This was partly likely due to their attempts in finding a complex balance between personal and working life, and family responsibilities. Parental monitoring of mobile use by adolescents was essential to prevent adolescents from becoming victim of mobile phones addiction. Hence, there is need to minimise exposure to mobile phone by adopting appropriate strategy.

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Mobile, smart phone, health, emotion,

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Abstract: The present study sheds light on the reasons and effects of code mixing in rap songs of 'Badshah' on Indian youth. A questionnaire was developed to analyze the reasons and effects of code mixing in rap songs of the selected singer. A survey of 100 students of Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra was conducted. The study revealed that because of the code mixing, rap songs become catchy. It enhanced the rhythm of the songs. Songs become more entertaining. The study also revealed that all the reasons and effects were significant in their own ways. The analysis of data was brought to light by means of frequency of responses, graphical representation and descriptions, for the better understanding of a socio-linguistic phenomenon.

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Keywords: Bilingualism, Code-mixing, Entertainment, Film industry, Bollywood, Rap Songs.

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This research article explores the use of Chat GPT in library services, specifically in the context of reference and information services. Chat GPT is a large language model trained by Open AI that has shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and understanding. The article discusses the potential benefits and challenges of using Chat GPT in library reference services, such as improving response time, enhancing the quality of responses, and reducing the workload of librarians. The article also explores the ethical considerations of using Chat GPT, such as issues related to bias and privacy. Chat GPT can be a valuable tool in library reference services, particularly in handling routine and simple queries. However, it is not a replacement for human reference librarians, who can provide more nuanced and complex responses. The research also highlights the importance of transparency and accountability in the use of Chat GPT, as well as the need for ongoing evaluation and improvement. Overall, this research article contributes to the growing body of literature on the use of artificial intelligence in library services and provides insights into the potential benefits and challenges of using Chat GPT in reference and information services.

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ChatGPT, ChatBot, Artificial Intelligence, Library Services, Academia.

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Allelopathy concerns the effects of one plant on another due to chemicals released by them, or the breakdown products of their metabolites. The allelochemicals are produced by all kinds of plants and plant parts although roots and leaves are mainly responsible for their production and release. Allelopathic effect of 3% aqueous extracts of fresh leaves of Euphorbia dracunculoides was studied on seed germination and seedling growth of mustard. Seeds were allowed to grow in petri-dishes containing 3% aqueous extracts of fresh leaves of E. dracunculoides. The result indicated that seed germination and seedling growth was suppressed.

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Allelopathy, Leaf extracts, Germination, Growth.

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Machine learning and deep learning techniques currently are leveraged by various practitioners in computer vision field. This thesis proposes an application of two different machine learning models to classify facial expressions of human and replace them with emoji's accordingly. An application that can turn face expression into emoji's. For that I have train machine learning model with TensorFlow to detect face expression like happy, sad, fearful and so one. Then I have map those expression to emoji's in real times. In this project I used media pip for the key point's extraction. The key points of face, left and right hand are extracted using media pipe. The first model is based on fisher-face algorithm which is used for face recognition, the second one is a simplified version of prevalent Convolution Neural Network model utilized by many researchers: VGGNet network. The former model is implemented on OpenCV library, whereas convolutional neural network is build with help of Keras. I trained both models by an open source dataset (Kaggle) which divides its facial expression images into 43 classes. Both models are tested with randomly selected images of facial expression from internet Overall training accuracy is 94% in the phase of training

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Emojis, CNN, Tensorflow, Mediapipe.

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The correct diagnosis of patient's conditions and diseases is one of the most significant challenges that healthcare professionals face. A problem for both the patient and the doctor is being unable to correctly diagnose a condition. It can be very helpful, especially to increase a patient's chance of survival, to predict respiratory conditions earlier. One of the most dangerous diseases that kill a lot of people is pneumonia. The primary reason for this is that, for a variety of reasons, many people are unaware of it in its early stages, and by the time they do, it is too late. However, the likelihood of curing these conditions rises if they are discovered early on. However, because extensive screening with CT, MRI, or X-rays is not practical in many parts of the world, midsection radiology continues to be the most fundamental system. When working with medical imagery, there are frequently issues with reliability and interpretability that this model could help alleviate. For this classification task, it is difficult to obtain a large dataset of pneumonia, in contrast to other deep learning classification tasks with sufficient image repositories; As a result, we used a number of data augmentation algorithms to boost the CNN model's classification and validation accuracy, and we were able to achieve remarkable validation accuracy. For the classification of the images and the early diagnosis of pneumonia, our classification technique makes use of convolutional neural networks.

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X-rays images, transfer learning, CNN, machine learning, deep learning.

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