Volume 8 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Eliminating noise from the image is one of the deep challenges in the area of image processing and computer vision, where the core objective is to estimate the experimental image, smoothing noise from a noise-impure version of the image. Image noise can becaused by unlike intrinsic and extrinsic conditions that are repeated not possible to avoid in realistic state.. Therefore, denoising image plays an vital role in a ample range of purpose such as image restoration, visual tracking, image registration, image segmentation and classification, where to obtain image content where image filtering has great importance in work fields of life such as medicine, video production, photography, remote sensing, security monitoring, extra .The original is crucial for performance solid. Noise reduction is the process of eliminating noise from images; Each pixel in the image will change from the original values in a small amount. A noise elimination algorithm is to achieve noise reduction and resource preservation, but due to the limitations of the methods, it is blurred. The noise in different pixels can be correlated or not, because noise modeling is a very difficult task. We observed that the performance of the proposed study diffuse set and the 3x3, 3x5, 2x3 size filter windows, the adaptive weighted average filter and the medium filters were used to reduce the salt and pepper noise filters and the elimination context noise, the most relevant value Accuracy is recovered. By using MATLAB software, three objective measures, Mean Square Error (MSE),Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR were used to evaluate the quality of the filtered image. Finally, our results are compared with the image improvement factor (IEF), the mean square error (MSE) and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)

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 Keywords

Denoising, Fuzzy Filter, IEF, PSNR, MSE,

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The accidents happening in Muvattupuzha - Vazhakulam road is increasing unlike before. Government and elected officials are uninterested in completing the bypasses as well as correcting the unscientific alignment of SH 8 which is causing a lot of accidents. The recent growth of traffic from Thodupuzha side also contributes to the increasing traffic density apart from the MC road and SH 8.This project is based on the study of accidents In front of VJCET campus and causes of accidents. The project also aims at enhancing the safety of the students who are the internal stakeholders and also for the external stakeholders. The curves are the main cause for accidents due to overtaking , also the college zone lacks proper signs and warnings which are to be employed. The current bus bay in front of campus has to be relocated and also there is a need for the modification to be done at the college entrance gates for enhancing traffic safety. There is also a provision for the disabled persons

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Accident, Alignment, Traffic density, modification, disabled persons.

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 Abstract

Due to the attitudes of its officials and British Colony rule the art education in India and art practice by the beneficiaries were facing various problems of identity and originality. Many art schools were began to function with the inspirations received from the great exhibition of 1851 with initiatives of private individuals and collaborations for the enhancement of art activities in India but could not take any solid action towards improvement of prevailing situations. E B Havell, a British art official took initiatives to change the situations responsibly and challengingly with helps of Indian art enthusiasts. The career of E B Havell was cut short from British part, said to be due to mental breakdown and never returned to India after 1908. But the introductions of Indian ideals continued vigorously by his Indian friends following his objectivities.

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colonial Art, Abanindranayh Tagore, E B Havell, Sir Jamshetjee Jeejeebhoy, Calcutta School of Art, Ananda K Coomarswamy, Bengal School, Santiniketan . Great Exhibition,

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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye disease caused due to constant diabetes and it found to be the main cause of blindness young generation in any nation. Today, around 415 million people are living with diabetes from which 285 million people is currently suffering from DR (Diabetic Retinopathy) a complication of diabetes which affect the eye. Most of the people are not aware that diabetes can also be the reason of their vision-oriented problems. DR have 3 features: Micro aneurysms (MAs), Hemorrhages (HMs) and Exudates (EXs). Which can be detected from a retinal image of patient known as Fundus image. This paper explains the disease, it�s features and throw light on the method we have applied for detection of Exudates and Hemorrhages

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 Keywords

Microaneurysms, Hemorrhages, Exudates, Image processing, Morphological operation, CNN

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India is a rapidly changing country in which inclusive, high-quality education is of utmost importance for its future prosperity. The country is currently in a youth bulge phase. India is expected to overtake China as the largest country on earth by 2022 and grow to about 1.5 billion people by 2030 (up from 1.34 billion in 2017). The UN projects that Delhi will become the largest city in the world with 37 million people by 2028.In its size and diversity, India has the 3rd largest education system in the world,next to china & the US. Before, independence access to education was very limited with enrolment of less than a million students in 500 colleges and 20 universities. Since independence the growth has been impressive, the number of university as of February 2017, there are 789 universities,37204 colleges and 11,443 stand alone institutions in india, as per the latest statistics from the UGC.This demographic change could be a powerful engine of economic growth and development: If India manages to modernize and expand its education system, raise educational attainment levels, and provide skills to its youth.

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Current Education system : Big change needed for india�s youth

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The enlarged use of sensible devices has caused great impact on the globe. Therefore this paper describes the idea of the system. This system is useful for the blind person to live their life safely, to feel sheltered and to work conveniently. In normal blind stick the detection of the obstacle is not efficient and not easy for the visually disable person. Because they does not know what object or things come infront of them. They face problems like identifying the obstacles,nature of the objects like size and distance between the object and stick.It is very difficult to move here and there for the blind person. In smart stick the object detection is easy and fast with the help of different types of sensors and distance measuring also easier in this smart blind stick. If there is any object or obstacle comes infront of visually impaired person, they come to know about the obstacles by hearing the different alarm sound generated by the buzzer. The system is very useful for the blind persons who needs help from others.

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Ultrasonic Blind Stick, Arduino Nano, Global Postioning System, Global System for Mobiles, Infrared Sensor, Light Dependent Resistor, Radio Frequency.

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After the outbreak of 1861, there was no outburst of the peasants in Colonial Assam. From 1862 to 1892, for three decades, there was no outburst except a mild unrest in 1868 in erstwhile Nowgong. It cannot be said that the people of then Assam reconciled to the British rule. Waves of unrest still then blew in their minds silently years after years and culminated later on in the form of series of upheavals in 1893-94. This paper is an honest attempt which seeks to trace out the various causes that precipitated the upheavals of 1893-94. Methodologies that have been applied in this paper are entirely hypothetical,descriptive as well as analytical . )

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The decades of unrest (1862-1892): Interpreting the special causes of Assam unrest

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The application will help, waiters inside a hotel, bar, cafe or any F&B establishment can manage orders between POS terminal, kitchen and dining area. The app enables them to serve customers, send orders to the kitchen and fetch billing details at the same time. With Android app, restaurants can automate tasks, reduce human intervention and thus improve efficiency.

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hotel, application

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There is a huge interest for this generation to developing a sustainable environment for the future. Plastic is one of the major pollutant to damage the environment so to eradicate the plastics and to create awareness of the harmful effects of plastics among the public is inevitable one. The usability of plastics and plastic products are vast since they are strong light-weighted durable and low cost. However, they are harmful to the environment as they are resistant to biodegradation and leading to pollution. Hence the removal of plastic waste from the environment is inevitable one. Generally plastic wastes are mitigated through physical and chemical methods, but these methods are cost effective and releasing harmful substances to the environment. So, the alternate method should be adopted to control the plastic pollution. In view of that the present study is focused to control the plastic wastes in natural way by using microorganism. The effective polyethylene degrading microorganisms were isolated from municipal solid waste dumping site soil around Srinivasapuram, Thanjavur District. The physicochemical parameters of the soil samples were analyzed and the native microorganisms of the soil samples were isolated by using the prescribed procedure. There are 10 different varieties of microorganisms were isolated and subjected to morphological, phonotypical and biochemical characterization. The potential polythene degrading microorganism among the 10 isolates were identified through clear zone assay. The microorganism showed good result during clear zone assay was subjected to molecular characterization and confirmed as Streptomyces lividans. Thus, the present study confirm that Streptomyces lividans isolated from the dumpsite soil can degrade the Low Density Polythene efficiently.

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Plastic waste, LDPE, biodegradation, soil microbes, Streptomyces lividans.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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What to produce; How to produce; For Whom to produce; Why to produce; When to produce; Where to produce

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Fresh water resources like dams, reservoirs, lakes, streams, rivers etc. are chiefly used for drinking, irrigation, industrial and domestic purposes. The Adol reservoir is one of the fresh water resources present in the Washim district. It provides water for drinking and irrigation purpose to many villages and also good source of fishery. The present study is a primary attempt to evaluate the water quality of Adol reservoir. For the evaluation of water health, some of the physical and chemical parameters were analyzed for the period of five months (August to December 2018). The results of present study show that all parameters were in the standard range as mentioned by WHO (World Health Organization). For the sustainability of the reservoir it is advised that the water wasted in irrigation should be avoided.

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Adol, Dam,reservoirs, Washim, Water quality.

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The present study scope of Agro-tourism development of Rural Areas in Baramati tahsil in Pune district. The study region is mainly agrarian having 84.89 percent net sown area of the total geographical area. Agro tourism is one such form of tourism which has recently emerged in Maharashtra. Agro tourism for farmers is considered as �A range of activities, services and amenities provided by farmers and rural people to attract tourist to their area in order to generate extra income for their businesses�. Agro tourism for tourists is considered as �anything that connects tourists with the heritage, natural resource or culinary experiences unique to the agricultural industry or a specific region of the country�s rural areas.� Agro-tourism, involves any agriculturally based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm or ranch. Baramati tahsil has a great potential to the development of agro-tourism, because of natural conditions and different types of agro products as well as variety of rural traditions, festivals. It gives an opportunity to the tourists to experience rural life, taste the traditional food and to live in a peaceful environment.

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Agro tourism, Agriculture, Tourism etc.

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Smart Meters plays a vital role in measuring energy consumed by every user with their device details. The inside attacker i.e the tenants staying at home may be able to access the electricity price information, network infrastructure information, and other information communicated through protocols. We proposed a renewable energy based wireless power transfer smart billing system using Internet of Things (IOT) with android application for Electricity Bill (EB) payment. The devices used in my project are LoRa (Long Range), PIC control and Meter box. By implementing we measure the current consumption in every home using LoRa and then transfer those meter values to the electricity board server. The total amount will be calculated on EB server and thus the notification is sent through the SMS. User can pay their bill amounts using mobile application and the users are also notified with an alert message when the usage of power consumption exceeds the premium limit. The meter readings can be viewed from distant places by using this LoRa technology. LoRa enables long-range transmissions (more than 10�km in rural areas) with low power consumption. Also a solar panel is placed at the roof top of the house which converts the sun�s rays into electricty. This electricity can then be used to supply renewable energy to your home or business. Hence this acts as an inverter at the time of power shut down. To make the system even more comfortable Wireless power transfer�(WPT) systems are also used in my project this allows power to be transferred from one electrical network to another without the need for wires or exposed contacts. For a large number of diverse applications, this feature is highly advantageous, and in certain cases has enabled new applications to be realized. Further, WPT is poised to play a vital role in the worldwide drive to electrify transportation systems and, thus, become ubiquitous throughout technologically advanced future societies. Hence Power can be transferred over short distances (near-field transfer) by the method of WPT. similarly power theft is also detected. With the advent of�smart meters, the frequency of collecting household energy consumption data has increased, making it possible for advanced data analysis, which was not possible earlier.

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meter readings, EB home, android application, meter data, secure communication, premium maximum limit

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Abstract- Information technology is creating a revolution among the products. The products which were once only made up of mechanical and electrical parts are now a combination of hardware, sensors, cloud, controllers, software and internet connectivity. These products have unleashed an era of smartness. They have the capability to connect everything, everyone and everywhere. IoT is the everlasting concept of connecting things through internet connectivity. IoT provides connectivity beyond the traditional devices like desktop, laptops, smartphones and tablets to a wide variety of things used every day and uses embedded technology to connect with external surroundings. This technology allows devices to create exchange and use data automatically without human interruptions. The Smart products have three essential components: physical components such as physical products, and smart component such as sensors, microprocessors etc., and connectivity component such as ports, Antennae etc. These components are interdependent and strengthen each other�s capabilities. The smart products excel in four areas: monitoring, controlling, optimization and autonomy. These products can self-coordinate and function with complete autonomy. Human managers can focus on system�s performance rather than single units, hence increasing experience and effectiveness. IoT based solutions when introduced in business, result in higher quality products, which are according to the conformance of standards. In this study, by understanding the process of IoT solutions by building prototypes of IoT using the hardware components required, in the areas of Automated Street light system (ASLS) which uses sensors and gets switched ON and switched OFF when it senses movement, Smart irrigation system (SIS) is a sensor based irrigation system which irrigates the land whenever the moisture content falls below the required threshold value and Voice controlled home automation system (VCHAS) which uses speech to text in order to convert speech information into text. This system can switch ON or OFF the bulb, fans, AC, Fridges and other electronic appliances through voice instructions and testing them. The data returned by the system through smart devices gives managers visibility to analyze the results which leads them to quick decision making and forecasting the future necessity. The smart products raise the value for the consumers by decreasing operating costs, increasing efficiency and improving output. The potential benefits of data generated by the IoT sensors has been unfolded using machine learning techniques .These techniques have been used on moisture content data of 15 villages generated by the sensors,in order to identify drought in early stages. This study focuses on implementation of IoT prototypes only on the chosen areas, which are smart irrigation system, automated street light system and voice controlled home automation system. The machine learning techniques such as Auto regressive models (AR), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) on these applications. The study is restricted to the only selected solutions of IoT in few operation scenarios.

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 Keywords

IoT, Machine Learning, IoT solutions

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 Abstract

Mother & child are vulnerable & precious presents of god on earth, so make them countable & valuable. India has an excellent infrastructural layout for the delivery of MCH services in the community through a network of sub centers, primary health centers, community health centers, district hospitals, state medical college hospitals, and other hospitals in the public and private sectors. However, the health pyramid does not function effectively because of limited resources, communication delays, a lack of commitment on the part of health professionals, and, above all, a lack of managerial skills, supervision, and political will. A descriptive approach was adopted to assess the knowledge & utilization of community health care services related to maternal & child health by mothers belonging to Uttai village in Durg District, Chhattisgarh. The objectives stated in the study were to assess the knowledge of CHC services available to mothers. To assess the utilization of MCH services. To determine the relationship between knowledge and utilization of CHC services by mothers. To determine the association between knowledge of MCH services with selected socio-demographic variables. In view of the nature of the problem, a structured interview schedule was prepared to assess the knowledge& utilization of CHC services by mothers residing in Uttai village. Purposive sampling was used to select 25 mothers & the data was collected & analyzed by using descriptive & inferential statistics. The present study shows that the level of knowledge of mothers revealed that 64% of mothers had good knowledge regarding MCH services but the utilization level of services revealed that, only 48% of mothers had adequate utilization regarding MCH services. There was a moderate positive relationship between knowledge & utilization of MCH services by mothers. Thus, there is felt need of awareness and education to mothers of rural area regarding MCH Services.

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 Keywords

Utilization, CHC- Community Health Care, Antenatal care, Postnatal care, Infant care, Maternal and child health (MCH)

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cancer treatment, no side effects, infrared light

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At present 186 countries having a big problem about the spreading of COVID-19 pandemic. As on 1 April 2020, total reported positively infected by COVID-19 cases was 824563, total deaths recorded was 40673 and number of patients recovered from the disease was 174360 declared by WHO at globally. The new strain of coronavirus is called as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). That virus causes coronavirus disease 19, favorably known as COVID-19. New COVID-19 (coronavirus) has spread rapidly in many parts of the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Objective of the present research to identify the geographical changes in epicenter of the disease COVID-19. From the origin of COVID-19 coronavirus in December 2019 from Wuhan city of China to till date this virus occupied whole geographical area of the world. For the present analysis is made on secondary data. Daily situation report of COVID-19 published by the WHO was use for the study. Maps and figures are used for the analysis. Concluding of the proposed research is to identifying the epicenter of COVID-19 and changes in their geographical location. Firstly, Wuhan city of China having epicenter of the pandemic disease. Due to the international travel from China to other parts of the world was the cause of spreading coronavirus (COVID-19). Second epicenter was Bergamo city of Italy. And recently change epicenter of COVID-19 is New York city of United States of America. At present 186 countries are affected by the spreading infection of COVID-19 which is originated from China. Recently domestic travel and local activities are the responsible for growing infection of COVID-19 in all countries of the world. According to WHO, only social distancing is one of the major solution of controlling or regulating or outbreak the spreading chain of COVID-19.

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COVID-19, Coronavirus, Epidemic, Pandemic, Confirmed cases, Deaths and Epicenter.

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Pipes buried under the ground have to bear different kinds of loads such as soil, surface etc and have to withstand great internal pressures(water pressure). Hence strength of the pipes is an important parameter to judge the quality of the pipe. The main aim of this study is to find out how the manufacturing process of PCC pipes is done in the present industry and to know why still we are using these pipes for decades.

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Prestress, water, strength, pipes, manufacturing, concrete, mortar.

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Variable speed Brushless DC motor has wide application in present days compared to Conventional DC motor. In this article a noval method to control the speed of BLDC motor through mobile application using Bluetooth is proposed. The signal to control the BLDC motor is sent through Bluetooth which is controlled by Arduino board. Pulse width modulation (PWM) method is implemented to control the BLDC motor.

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BLDC motor, Android, chopper, arduino

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The aim of this paper is to develop a modified version of the Samuelson (1939) Accelerator Model to study the Indian Economy in the post-liberalization period (1992-1993 to 2018-2019). The crisis which has emerged in the Indian economy has gained tremendous acceptance by now. Several papers have tried to investigate the major factors which are gradually leading to the propagation of this crisis. The objective of this research paper is to examine the macroeconomic variables responsible for this crisis. The theory of accelerator has been introduced owing to the fact that consumption has been a major contributor in keeping the economy afloat over the past decade since the GFC. Econometric analysis has been carried out to estimate the parameters of the model using the standard OLS technique and to examine if the interactions between consumption and investment can explain the time path of GDP for which the data has been collected from the Handbook of Statistics on the Indian Economy. The model seems to give robust results as I go on to conclude that the accelerator principle is highly relevant to our economy and therefore echoing that are the need of the hour is to boost consumption to put the grappling economy back on the growth trajectory.

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 Keywords

Multiplier-Accelerator, Samuelson, Difference equation, growth, consumption, investment

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