Volume 11 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Introduction: Spasticity following stroke is a common complication that affects the active and passive functions of the paretic limb and thus functional independence. Myofascial release and static stretching are used to reduce spasticity. Inhibition techniques like tendinous pressure are also useful in reducing tone by inhibitory effect. This study aims to compare the immediate effect of tendinous pressure technique versus myofascial release along with static stretching in reducing spasticity among stroke patients. Methodology: Study design- pre-test post-test two groups experimental study, Sample size- 30 patients: In each group- 15 patients, Study setting- OPD JRP Subharti College of Physiotherapy and CSS Hospital, Meerut. Duration of Study: Total duration of the study was 6 months. In group A MFR followed by static stretching was given to the bicep brachii, whereas in group B tendinous pressure was given. MAS and MTS were used to take pre- and post-intervention measurements (immediately after the intervention). Results: At a 5% level of significance, results of the within-group analysis showed significant improvement in MTS R1 and MAS scores for both groups, A and B. Results of between the groups analysis showed significant improvement in MTS R1 values in group B than in group A, while no significant improvement seen in MAS values and MTS R2 values. Conclusion: So, the conclusion can be made that the tendinous pressure technique is more effective than myofascial release along with static stretching in reducing spasticity among stroke patients.

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Stroke, Spasticity, Myofascial release, Static Stretching, Tendinous pressure

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The Indian automotive industry is witnessing a shift to electric vehicles due to the growing demand for sustainable mobility solutions. This research paper aims to understand consumer perceptions and purchasing behaviour towards EVs in India. A survey was conducted among his 133 respondents in different cities in India to collect primary data. According to the study, consumer awareness and awareness of EVs is growing in India, but there are still significant barriers to adoption. Lack of charging infrastructure, high initial cost and limited range are the main obstacles to adoption. However, research shows that consumers are willing to pay a premium for electric vehicles because of the environmental benefits. The study also found that government incentives and policies play a key role in driving EV adoption in India. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy makers and automakers to promote EV adoption in India.

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Electric Vehicles, EV, Customer Preferences, Behavioural Intention, EV Strategies, Awareness

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Developing new dosage forms has always required consideration of the state of subdivision of a medicine. As physical pharmacy has developed, pharmaceutical researchers and medical experts have begun to explore this characteristic more carefully in order to comprehend how particle size impacts not only physical systems but also biological systems. In this we had tried to understand and explain what role particle size plays in drug delivery by using various databases. Solid medication delivery techniques are crucial formulations for oral administration. In these pharmacological systems, particle size has a substantial impact on drug absorption, dissolution and crossing the blood brain barrier. The ability of a medicine to dissolve in water has a substantial impact on how efficiently it is absorbed when administered orally. It is helpful for modifying and testing pharmacological qualities as a drug is being developed and produced. It also indicates whether a medication may be administered parentally.

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Particle size, drug delivery, absorption, distribution, treatment

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Background: Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) is a clinical diagnosis made from a history of frequent type of myotendinosis of the origins of the wrist extensor muscles at the lateral epicondyle of humerus with the substantial pain and loss of function of the affected limb. The physical therapist focus on scapula stabilization exercises to reduce the pain and increase the grip strength among chronic lateral epicondylitis. Aims and objectives of the study: To compare and find the Effectiveness of scapular stabilization exercises along with conventional physiotherapy and conventional physiotherapy alone in the management of pain and grip strength among chronic lateral epicondylitis subjects. Method: 20 both male and female subjects with chronic lateral epicondylitis participated in the experiment study, underwent treatment duration of 3 weeks after receiving informant consent. They were evaluated and consecutively divided in to two equal groups i.e experimental group receiving scapular stabilizing exercises along with conventional therapy and control group receiving conventional therapy only. The pre and post test values of pain, grip strength were recorded at the start of the treatment and after the end of the treatment. Conclusion: This study concluded that scapular stabilization exercises along with ultrasound therapy was found to be more effective in decreasing pain and improving grip strength in subjects with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Scapular stabilization exercises along with ultrasound therapy shows better results in reduce the pain ,grip strength among subjects.

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Lateral epicondylitis, scapular stabilization exercises, ultrasound therapy, visual analog scale (VAS), grip strength, hand held dynamometer.

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e-Governance is a reality of 'minimum government and maximum governance'. E-governance is the use of digital technologies to change the way government works and make it easier for people to get public services. The e-Prastuti project is a commendable initiative taken by the government of Assam to digitize its public administration system. This project has several features and benefits that are aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of government services. The project is also focused on ensuring transparency and accountability in government operations, which is a significant step towards good governance. The programme covers several departments, including revenue, health, education, and agriculture, and seeks to increase transparency and accountability in governance. The present paper aims to examine the objectives, features, and benefits of the e-Prastuti initiative in the state of Assam.

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e-Governance, Citizen-centric, Sustainable development, Efficiency, e-Prastuti, Public Policy.

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The financial statement is the method of reviewing and analyzing company's accounting reports in to order past, present, and future performance. Its prepared in order to meet requirement, effectively so that future profitability and cash flow forecast. This study is based on secondary data and balance sheet and profile and loss account for the last 5 year of whirlpool ltd is a to analysis is financial position. The tools used for this ratios analysis like liquidity ratios, profitability ratio, solvency ratio and activity ratios. The suggestions of the study the reveal that the profit of the of the company need to raise to increase productivity and decreases expenses and also the company should short term liquidity , so that it help to meet pay of current due. Thus the study conclusion the company has to take necessary step to control its cost, to increase volume of sales and profit to increase in the future year

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KEYWORDS: liquidity performance, financial performance, growth aspects

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One of the oldest systems of knowledge, Ayurveda covers every facet of life. It not only explains the science of life, but also how to live a healthy lifestyle. To prevent illnesses and to improve health, Ayurveda detailed several Adravyabhuata Oushadhis, including Dinacharya, Ratricharya, Achara Rasayana, Sadvritta Palana, and Ritucharya. Ratricharya is regarded as one of life's most fundamental components. Ahara, Nidra, and Brahmacharya are included in the Trayopasthambas, which also includes Nidra.The three primary supporting pillars of life are known as Trayopasthamabas. Swasthasya the Swastha Rakshanam primary goal of Ayurveda. Therefore, we should focus on Trayopasthambas to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This aids in maintaining the harmony, balance, and overall health of every physiological act. Nidra is incredibly important since it influences our physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Nidra is a contributing aspect to a healthy lifestyle. It takes part in life and death, learning and illiteracy, sustenance, emaciation, strength, weakness, sexual inclinations, impotence, and happiness and suffering. Many lifestyle problems, including depression, metabolic syndromes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypertension, and diabetes, are directly related to modern lifestyle changes. Additionally, all of them are greatly impacted by Nidranasha, or inadequate sleep. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to explain the value of Nidra and its clinical relevance in lifestyle diseases.

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Nidra, Trayopasthambas, Lifestyle, Health

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Companies are growing rapidly these days, and with this rapid growth comes a great demand for skilled professionals. Given its negative effects on workplace productivity, company profitability, and meeting hierarchical targets on time, attrition is now seen as the main source of conflict for all businesses. Only under specific circumstances depending on how the working costs are managed without resorting to mass layoffs can an organization successfully use attrition to its advantage. When a corporation loses an experienced employee, they have two options: they can try to keep them by offering them increased remuneration, or they can always hire someone new. There are some strategies to reduce attrition, but they only function if one is aware of potential leaving employees. Predicting this, on the other hand, can save a lot of money and effort. Furthermore, it will enable the company's management to efficiently monitor a project pipeline, allowing them to manage the hiring and current personnel flexibly.

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Attrition, employee churn, attrition prediction

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The knowledge of Shat Kriyakala helps get the knowledge of Sadhya Asadhyatava of disease and plans the proper treatment. An ancient Indian surgeon, Shushrut has described the concept of Kriyakala in Varnaprashnadhyaya, terms Kriyakala refers to the recognition of the progression of the stage of a disease's, which helps to determine appropriate measure to correct the imbalance in Doshas and Dhatus (biological factors). The knowledge of Shat Kriyakala helps get the knowledge of Sadhya Asadhyatava of disease and plans the proper treatment. The concept of Kriyakala provides benefits to plant appropriate treatment according to the stage of disease progression. The appropriate measures can be taken to correct the balances of Doshas in particular stages of disease. Ayurveda explored the concept of Shatkriyakala as a "six stages of disease progression" in which the pathogenesis of disease can be assessed in different stages. Expression of any disease is a chain of various processes starting from the encounter of etiological factors unto formation of that disease. In Ayurveda it is stated that Sharir Doshas i.e., Vata, Pitta and Kapha are accountable for all kind of functions in the body. At the same time if there is imbalance in these Doshas due to any reason, they can affect Dhatus (body tissues) and can cause various diseases. The causation of disease is attributed to Doshas hence it is essential to know the movement of these Doshas in our body at any given point of time. Expression of any disease is a chain of various processes starting from the encounter of etiological factors unto formation of that disease. In Ayurveda it is stated that Sharir Doshas i.e., Vata, Pitta and Kapha are accountable for all kind of functions in the body. At the same time if there is imbalance in these Doshas due to any reason, they can affect Dhatus (body tissues) and can cause various diseases. The causation of disease is attributed to Doshas hence it is essential to know the movement of these Doshas in our body at any given point of time. Ayurveda is a science of life. It is a system of traditional medicine native to Indian subcontinent but now days its knowledge is accepted worldwide. Ayurveda is a science of life. It is a system of traditional medicine native to Indian subcontinent but now days its knowledge is accepted worldwide.

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Kriyakala, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prakopa, ,Sanchaya, Ayurveda

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This study aims to examine the impact of digitalization on HR practices in the modern workplace. The research focuses on the adoption of technology in HR processes such as recruitment, performance management, and employee engagement. The study also explores the challenges organizations face in the digital transformation of HR practices and the benefits that come with embracing digital HR solutions. The findings will provide insights for HR professionals and organizations on the current state and future direction of digital HR practices. Data was collected through surveys and interviews with HR professionals in various organizations. Results showed widespread adoption of digital HR tools, with a positive impact on efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of HR processes. However, challenges such as data privacy and security, resistance to change and inadequate digital skills were also identified. The study highlights the importance of balancing the benefits and challenges of digital HR and suggests a strategic approach to digital HR transformation.

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Keywords: Recruitment and Selection, Training and Development, Performance Appraisal, Compensation, Digitalization Technologies

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The idea of God in our minds is not only important but also a matter of debate. For example, some of us think that God predetermines our fate or God can control our fate and it is happened accordingly our deeds in the previous birth. On the other hand, there are some people who completely believe in their works and they think that we can create our fate by our good deeds and most importantly we can control and manage ourselves. In this article we are going to discuss about Tagore's concept of 'that power 'by which we can make our lives. Accordingly to Tagore this 'power' is called 'Jibandebata' who is unseen but who's existence in our lives cannot be denied. Generally we think that Tagore's 'Jibandebata' is another name of God himself. But we come to know that Rabindranath Tagore never wants to mean God by his 'Jibandebata'. The religious texts always highlight that God who represents the world but Tagore's 'Jibandebata' is completely different from him. He says that 'Jibandebata' can be felt and he is special to everybody. He is the life and existence as well. Human beings have nothing else apart from him.

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Jibandebata', Nature, Atmaparachay, koutukmoyee, Viswaprakriti, Tagore, Anagoto.

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An essential step in the drug discovery process is the development of analytical methods and subsequent technique validation. Despite the drug's good potency, the lack of a recognised analytical method prevents the drug from being sold. This is to guarantee the standard and the drug's safety. The main goal of this review is to provide information on the traditional and cutting-edge methods used to analyse drugs in both their unprocessed and processed forms, as well as to examine the stability of the drugs in the presence of excipients and other stressors that may occur during the course of their shelf life. The review paper sheds light on hyphenated techniques such LC-MS-MS, LC-NMR-MS, GC-MS, and LC -MS for the analysis and impurity profiling of medicines. The development of bioanalytical methods for the quantitative detection of pharmaceuticals in various biological matrices is also covered in this review. Additionally, it offers a way to assess the medications' biological safety via addressing the SIAMs (stability indicating assay methods).

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Validation, Stability indicating, Impurity, bioanalytical, HPLC, HPTLC

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Fault identification using computer-based techniques is rapidly increasing these days in all field. Due to the increase in road accidents that occur day-to-day damage caused to the human body is more . Bone is the vital part in the body, which provides the capability to move. Fractures in bone are common in aged population. X-Ray is the first tool to identify the fracture in bone. Here in the present study computer based system is used to detect the specific location of the fractures in the bone through the X-Ray. There are many techniques available for edge identification like Log, Sobel, Canny, Prewitt, and Robert. Although, these methodologies lack with the capability to perform multi-resolution analysis which cause the inability to identify minor details during the period of analysis. Convolutional neural network [CNN] algorithm is used to increase the accuracy rather than any-other methodology which is used in the existing system.

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Convolutional neural network, Fracture Detection, Fracture classification.

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Global warming is an increase in atmospheric temperature due to re-radiation prevention of infra-red rays by the atmospheric gases as water vapor, (36-70%), carbon dioxide, ( 9-26%), methane,( 4-9%), ozone,( 3-7%), CFCs,(Re-radiation preventing capacities of the gases). The slow affect of it on the environment particularly increase in temperatures causes change in climate, change in vegetation, ice melting, decrease in land area, decrease in yielding of crops, affect on metabolism of every living being and so on. As the old proverb, addition of every drop of water form oceans, addition of pollution by every person cause global warming, but if we think and opt the sustainable practices, may be slow, but we could reduce the global warming.

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greenhouse effect/ global warming, sustainable practices, re-radiation, gobar gas,greenhouse gases, bacterial photosynthesis, green Sulphur bacteria, microbiome

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Plants have been used in Folklore medicine for thousands of years. The knowledge of medicinal plants has been gathered from different medicinal systems such as Ayurveda, Unani and Sidhha. In India it is reported that Folklore healers used 2500 plant species, among which 100species serve as regular source of medicine1. Chickmagalur district is the home of tribal's and forest dwellers more than 30% of the population consists of the tribal people with immense traditional knowledge2. Ethno botanical survey on medicinal plants is the trend in Indian scenario, it form the base for phytochemical analysis in exploration of drug industry. Snake bite till date remains a Public Health hazard in India. There are about 216 species of snakes identifiable in India, of which 52 are known poisonous. An ethno botanical survey was conducted in and around Chikmagaluru district from nativaidya or alemari or local practitioners, twenty one plants identified as used for snake bite.

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Ethno botanical, Anti venom, tribal, Ayurveda, nativaidya or alemari or local practitioners

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This paper attempts to focus on role of project exports in equilibrium of country's favourable BOP. A balance of payment is an essential element in indicating economic and financial details of a country. BOP statement also an indicator and determines whether the currency of a country is appreciating or depreciating for a given period of time. If country has a favourable BOP that indicates a nation enjoys surplus trade balance and vice- versa. One of the measures to correct disequilibrium in BOP is to export promotion of project exports.

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Foreign Trade, Project Export, Balance of Payment

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The Ultrasonic Sonar System controlled by Arduino and ESP32 cam is designed to detect objects within its range. It consists of two ultra-sonic sensors, a servo motor, an ESP32 cam controller, and an IoT interface. The ultrasonic sensor is attached to the servo motor, which rotates 180 degrees on either side, covering a 360-degree field of view. The system provides a visual representation of objects' angles, positions, and distances on a software called Processing IDE, based on Java programming. The system is controlled through Arduino, which interfaces with the sensor and display device. The ESP32 cam, an IoT-based microcontroller with a built-in Camera Module, sends live streaming to a local IoT server. The system also includes an automatic laser shooting mechanism. The Ultrasonic Sonar System has applications in navigation, positioning, object identification, mapping, spying or tracking, shooting, and other fields. It is suitable for indoor applications and is a cost-effective solution for those looking to implement obstacle-detection systems. Overall, this system provides an effective solution for detecting objects within a defined range.

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Arduino Nano, Ultrasonic sensors, ESP32 Cam, Servo motor, Lasers, LEDs.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) have been applicable practicable due to the advancements in computing facilities. Almost every application in general in Industry 4.0 is going to use these advanced mathematical tools and techniques of AI and ML and DL. SMART Healthcare is not an exception for this. In healthcare applications a lot of imaging data is generated as far as diagnostic imaging modalities like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are concerned. MR imaging is a very popular noninvasive diagnostic imaging modality with very good soft tissue contrast. Therefore, imaging data resulting from MR imaging is used in this research. Although, there are several other medical imaging modalities. The same MRI has several clinical applications beyond routine imaging, which include functional MR Imaging (fMRI) of brain, Cardic MR imaging, MR Spectroscopy (MR) and MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI), and many more. It requires that the data be processed automatically and in real time for the modern SMART healthcare diagnostic purpose. In spite of the technological developments in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, clinical applications demand accurate, reliable and real time data processing, for the purpose of making diagnostic decisions. Internet of things (IOT) has made it possible to collect the real time data and there are modern Data Analytics methods which make it possible to derive meaningful conclusions from the medical information that is available. This is then processed for providing medical diagnostic information to the medical expert, in a suitable form. In this thesis, the applicability of AI, ML and DL methods have been proposed to be investigated as applied to MR Imaging to make it suitable for providing SMART Healthcare solutions. Not only obtaining the diagnostic information but also the usability aspects of AI, ML and DL based approaches shall be attempted in this research. MR Imaging data from diagnostic centers or Hospitals, shall be used for this purpose. The results shall be compared with the standards methods in MR imaging and also verified with the experts from medical field.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), SMART Healthcare, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Signal and Image Processing

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and disabling pathology that is characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms and affects millions of people worldwide. The disease significantly affects quality of life of those affected. Many works in literature discuss the effects of the disease. The most promising trends involve sensor devices, which are low cost, low power, unobtrusive, and accurate in the measurements, for monitoring and managing the pathology. Objectives: This review focuses on wearable devices for PD applications and identifies five main fields: early diagnosis, tremor, body motion analysis, motor fluctuations (ON-OFF phases), and home and long-term monitoring. The concept is to obtain an overview of the pathology at each stage of development, from the beginning of the disease to consider early symptoms, during disease progression with analysis of the most common disorders, and including management of the most complicated situations. Parkinson's Disease is a nervous system disorder and is progressive in nature. It affects body movements. Symptoms begin with a hardly noticeable tremor in body parts. The disorder results in stiffness and slowing down of movements. It's a debilitating neurodegenerative disease and cannot be diagnosed through blood tests. Parkinson' s disease mostly affects the people above 60 and is one of the common diseases among war veterans. We use ML algorithm XG BOOST to diagnose Parkinson's Disease with maximum accuracy using a Sensor dataset. Machine learning algorithms XG BOOST help to generate useful content from it. To increase the lifespan of elderly people the machine learning algorithms are used to detect diseases in the early stages

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Internet of Things (IoT), Robot control system, Biometric sensor, Neurodegenerative disorder and Dopamine

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The prevention and solution of plant diseases is a major challenge in agriculture, with traditional methods relying on visual observation and manual recording. However, computer technologies have been increasingly implemented to aid in the prevention and solution of plant diseases. Bioinformatics, machine learning, big data analytics, and imaging technologies are some of the key technologies that have been implemented to achieve these goals. Case studies have shown the benefits of implementing computer technologies in plant pathology, with the potential to revolutionize agricultural production by improving disease management and optimizing crop management practices. As technology continues to advance, the potential for computer technologies in plant pathology will continue to grow, offering new solutions to agricultural challenges. Computer technologies have revolutionized plant pathology by providing researchers with a powerful set of tools for collecting, analyzing, and managing large volumes of data. These technologies enable researchers to study the genetic, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms underlying plant diseases and to develop new strategies for disease management. These technologies have been used to develop models for predicting disease outbreaks, to identify disease-resistant plant varieties, and to develop new chemical and biological control methods. Overall, computer technologies have greatly expanded our understanding of plant diseases and have provided new ways to manage these complex and economically important problems.

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Bioinformatics, machine learning, big data analytics, and imaging technologies, agriculture, plant, diseases

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