Volume 5 | Issue 4

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Short Story

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Short Story

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NGT, Environmental Protection, Governance..,

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Tunnel Field Effect Transistor is considered as a very promising device for ultra-low power applications because of its steep sub-threshold slope prospects. The carrier injection mechanism in Tunnel Field Effect Transistor is band-to-band tunneling which reduces the leakage current because of high tunnel barrier width. Silicon as a Tunnel Field Effect Transistor channel material limits the thermal conductance, transit time and switching energy because of its high and indirect band gap. So, III-V direct and small band gap materials such as InGaAs, InAs, GaSb etc. are used to improve performance of the device. In this paper, Tunnel Field Effect Transistor using In0.53Ga0.47As as channel material and high-k dielectric for gate using Cogenda Visual TCAD is presented. The proposed device showed better threshold voltage, DIBL and subthreshold swing as compared to MOSFET.

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TFET, Band to band tunneling (BTBT), Subthreshold swing (SS), Single Gate TFET, DIBL, ON current (ION) and OFF current (IOFF)

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad summary of the financial analysis of rural artisans in India and the challenges they are facing. A notable aspect about these rural artisans is that they belong from the unorganised sector. These artisans on one hand are regarded as custodians of the heritage of India and on the other hand deprived of all the modern facilities and financial assistance. This unorganised sector can contribute a lot to the Indian economy by providing employment opportunities, generation of rural income and improving the purchasing power of rural people. The craft and handcraft sector forms the second largest unorganised employment sector in India, second only to agriculture. In India craft can be described not merely an industry but a creation symbolising the inner desire and fulfilment of the community, at present nearly 23 million handcraft people in India today. Some economic policies have been taken by the government to improve the financial positions of these rural artisans and enhancing the socio-economic growth.

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rural artisans, unorganised sector, growth and development, issues and challenges, socio-economic developments.

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The total ionising dose (TID) effects on different gate oxide used in silicon on insulator (SOI) FinFET are investigated in this paper. The device structure under consideration shows a three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of Silicon on Insulator (SOI) 30nm n-channel FinFET with a high-k hafnium oxide (HfO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as gate electrode. To test the influence of TID on the FinFET device the 3-D simulations were performed in Visual TCAD using radiation dedicated code for different gate oxides. The TID effects modify the electrical properties leading to deterioration of the device and failure of the systems associated with them. The influence of dose rate on the build-up of fixed charge in the gate oxide region and the interface charge at the oxide-semiconductor interface was analyzed and observed its impact was observed on the device characteristics. It has been found that oxide trapped charge density is higher than interface trapped charge density. As a result of TID, there is an increase in the leakage current and transconductance after irradiation. It is observed that there is a threshold voltage shift with increasing dose of ionizing radiation for both the gate oxide materials.

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Silicon on insulator (SOI), total ionizing dose (TID), FinFET, fixed charge, interface charge, threshold voltage shift.

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Man and women are two pillars of the social structure, their roles duties and rights are complementary and supplementary towards each other. Everyone say that women are equal to men or claim the equality to their equality or superiority, we have to empower them. The full and complete development of a country, the welfare of the world and the cause of peace require the maximum participation of women on equal terms with men in all field. The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. However, it is important to note that there are also many success stories from within the Panchayat Raj Institutions. Where women's presence has been meaningful, they have been able to make a significant contribution to the life of the community and offer an alternative perspective to the traditional status quo.

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Empowerment, Conventions, Rights, Equality, Commission

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With the globalization and increasing network, there are many events and occasions of friends, family, acquaintances etc. to attend. It is quite often that many of us think about gifts at the last moment and find it clumsy to figure out. By using Tableau, a data visualization tool, an application is made by us where one can identify the gift article stores based on their location, also get the list about all the available gifts and gifts sorted according to the occasion with all the necessary details.

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Tableau, visualization tool, gifts

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Local Community, Tourism Destination, Tourism Attributes

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Keywords: Job enrichment, productivity, satisfaction, motivation, performance, Quality of Work Life

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Most plants and animals depend on soil as a substrate for their sustained growth and development. In many instances the sustenance of life in the soil matrix is adversely affected by the presence of deleterious substances or contaminants. Soil contamination has become a serious problem in all industrialized areas of the country. Soil is equally regarded as the ultimate sink for the pollutants discharge into the environment. Seed germination and growth are vital for continuation of life. Therefore the present work was done to know the impact of water from coalmine, sewage, boring, pond and well added to soil on quality and morphological parameters of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) plant. River water was used as a control. There was insignificant change in vigour index of Trigonella foenum graecum seedlings when irrigated with coalmine, sewage, boring, pond and well water as compared to control. Fresh weight was significantly decreased in pond and well water but insignificantly increased in sewage water as compared to control. Dry weight was insignificantly increased in sewage, boring and pond water as compared to control. It can be concluded from the present work that all types of water can be used to irrigate leafy vegetables.

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Vigour index, Fresh weight, Dry weight, River water, Coalmine water, Sewage water, Boring water, Pond water, Well water.

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This paper is aimed to link the Critical success factors and Performance Measures to improve the Service Quality of Hospital. An instrument is modelled for identifying the problem and facts - in order to gain thorough, proper and clear understanding of healthcare services. The modelled linkages were found to be highly significant, moderately significant, and significant through empirical study and analysis. The established result can be used for further study and research to provide better Healthcare service quality. This paper will help healthcare service provider for better understanding of Service Quality management and improvement practices to meet the needs. This paper will encourage to implement practices thought to be unimportant for running business.

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Healthcare, Hospital performance, Critical Success Factors (CSFs), Performance Measures (PMs), Patient, Service level

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Time series data are observations collected sequentially over time. Consider as example weather prediction. When observations are collected at frequent time intervals, large data sets in the form of time series are generated. Outlier detection is a primary step in many data mining. An outlier is a piece of data or observation that deviates from other observations, outliers is not noise. An outlier may be due to variability in the measurement. To identify & remove outliers is challenging task in data mining. There are many algorithms for outlier detection. There are various algorithms for outlier detection are proposed earlier, some of them are k-mean, Density based, EM etc. They are proposed to detect the outliers. In these algorithm the time is an important attribute of each dataset, and also it is important in the process of data mining for giving the more accurate and useful information. In this work, algorithms are analysing by using WEKA tool. In our research work, the algorithms analysed are K-Mean, Density based, EM, Cobweb.

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Time Series, Outliers, K-mean algorithm, Density based algorithm, EM, WEKA

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Main object of Publication of this paper the differences in accounting standards between Australia and India. The extent of this diversity was not significant. Although India does not have standards equivalent to some of the Australian standards focused by this paper.

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Main object of Publication of this paper the differences in accounting standards between Australia and India. The extent of this diversity was not significant. Although India does not have standards equivalent to some of the Australian standards focused by this paper.

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In the field of medical resonance image (MRI) processing the image segmentation is an important and challenging problem in an image analysis. The main purpose of segmentation in MRI images is to diagnose the problems in the normal brain anatomy and to find the location of tumour. Many of the algorithms have been found in recent years which aid to segment the medical images and identify the diseases. This paper proposes a novel 3D Brain Extraction Algorithm (3D-BEA) for segmentation of MRI images to extract the exact brain region. Transverse relaxation time (T2) weighted images are used as an input for the development of algorithm as these images provide bright compartments and dark fat tissues in the MRI brain region. The images are first denoised and smoothed for further processing. They are then used for extraction of irregular brain masks through threshold implementation which are then compared with the upper and lower slice of the brain images using morphological operations. The final brain volume has been generated using this 3D-BEA process. The result of this developed proposed algorithm is validated by comparing proposed algorithm with the results of the existing segmentation algorithm used for the same purpose. The proposed algorithm will help medical experts to understand and diagnose the tumour area of the patient.

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segmentation; morphological operations, clustering; k-means clustering; fuzzy c means clustering; Brain Extraction Algorithm.

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In the cost and time effectiveness of buildings, Reinforced concrete wall or Shear wall act as a beneficial member of building compare to conventional structure system. The monolithic structure is important to reduce wall thickness, decreasing to foundation width and especially useful to reduce seismic effect. In this paper, we conclude the reviews and previous research of some research experts on the benefits over Conventional structure system to monolithic structure system. This study is to determine the suitability, adoptability and economic feasibility of monolithic structural system against conventional structural system. This topic is very useful to construction industry.

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Monolithic structure, Shear wall, utilization in construction industry, Cost-effectiveness

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In India the Banking is very old like its civilization. The existence of banking system in India can be traced in Vedic period. The year 1786 marked the beginning of the establishment of formal banks in India. In this era, two banks, namely, general bank of India and bank of Hindustan came into existence. Both the banks, however, had to be declared defunct soon. The banking sector in India was regulated to a certain extent in 1935 with reserve bank of India (RBI) being bestowed with the responsibility to act as a regulator. After the independence of the country in 1947, the government of India realized that ‘laissez faire’ policy cannot be continued for an important sector like banking. Hence, reserve bank of India was nationalized in 1948 and was empowered to ‘regulate, control and inspect the banks in India’.

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CUSTOMER’S PERCEPTION AND FINANCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS OFPUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN ERNAKULAM DISTRICT -– A Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation

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The internet and the emergence of social networks produce terabytes of data every day. In this huge data scenario, the ability to outsource the data to a cloud storage facility saves the data management and storage facility cost. Some major challenges with this scheme are providing security and ensuring the privacy of the outsourced data. Although data security can be achieved through encryption searching on encrypted data become a complex task the proposed work suggests and efficient searching scheme for encrypted cloud data based on hierarchical clustering of documents. The hierarchical clustering method preserves the semantic relationship between the documents in the encrypted domain to speed up the search process. Consequently the proposed system has linear computational complexity during the search phase in response to an exponential increase in the number of documents. The system also ensures data privacy by providing only limited access of the documents to the different types of users by implementing access control mechanisms resulting in more secured data storage in the cloud. Furthermore, the weights of the keywords are taken into consideration in the ranking when generating the query result.

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A RELIABLE RANKED SEARCH METHOD OVER ENCRYPTED CLOUD DATA

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Spices,prospects, breeding strategies

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The encouraging future of biotech industry relies on the ability to efficiently introduce foreign genes into plants. Transformation studies have reached newer heights as along with the increase in number of transgenic plants; the frequency of transformation is also increasing which leads to more number of transgenic products either ready or close to market introduction. This imminent commercialization of transgenic plants have opened a debate regarding the desirability of the transgenic products containing genes which do not directly contribute to the final product and has raised questions regarding the use of selectable marker genes. This review focuses on these issues and study recently developed transformation systems to selectively eliminate particular marker sequence from the final transgenic plant.

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Transgenics, Marker free

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Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network is well competent and premier technique to support high speed and large number of users. WDM-PON networks are very popular due to numerous advantages such as reliability, low cost, wide bandwidth and can support large number of optical network units. In this work, we accentuated on the design of WDM PON system incorporating different modulations for upstream and downstream. Bidirectional passive optical networks are need of the day. A 40-km-long colorless symmetrical WDM-PON with differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) in downstream and non return to zero (NRZ) modulation format in upstream is investigated to reduce crosstalk. Also comparison has been made with the system containing DPSK for downstream and NRZ for upstream in WDM PON system. WDM PON operated at 10 Gbps and 4 WDM channels are considered in this work.

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WDM, DQPSK, NRZ, PON, BER

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