Volume 8 | Issue 4

 Abstract

This study has been undertaken to investigate the comparative differences in the Attitude of Physical Education Lecturers working in physical education colleges and those working as physical education lecturers in academic colleges with respect to their Self-Concept. To find out these differences the data characteristics (descriptive statistics) such as Mean, Standard deviation, Range, etc. were determined. A one way analysis of variance technique was employed to check the significance in mean difference. For the very purpose of study the colleges were restricted to those affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University.

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Physical Education, Lecturer, Physical Education Lecturer, Self-Concept

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Electric pylon is used to transmit and distribute electric energy from it source of production, the generating station, to the load centers for further transmission and distribution. Transmission towers are constructed using angle section members which are eccentrically connected .It is strong enough to withstand a number of forces namely; its own weight, the pull of conductors wires at the top of the tower, the effect of seismic on the conductors and earth wires and the effect of seismic on the tower itself. In practice, proper planning and preparation must be adhered to when working near to or on the structure. The structure must also be adequately designed to not only support the weight of the wires and structure but also to safely transfers forces and moments from the structure to its foundation. The experience of past earthquakes shows that, although damages of the Electrical network installation are very extensive in length and area, they are infrequent. But the significance of these installations makes their protection and stability more important. In my study I increase the height of tower with respect to base width and top width for more safety. I select four different zone of earthquake in India as per Is code 1893-2002. Considering the load combination acting on the tower (DL, LL, WL, EL). Calculate maximum deflection, maximum support reaction, maximum support moment, axial stress and bending stress for all different height towers manually and by using software for different zone.

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Electric pylon, Seismic force, Bending moment, Shear Force

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Socio-cultural mobility is a concept about the changes which occur in society in the form of social, economic and political aspects to the structure and behaviour pattern of society. As stratification refers to the stable aspect of the division of society, mobility is a part of stratification; where a person shifts himself from one position to another, one place to another, upward to downward and downward to upward. Sanskritisation is a process which describes the socio-cultural mobility. This paper is a contribution to how to understand the relation between culture and society. The immense changes taking place in the society is categorized into the process namely Sanskritisation, Westernization, Modernization and Industrialization. These processes reflect the amount of mobility within the framework of the caste system. This paper is also talking about the socio-cultural changes among the tribals. The present paper aims to understand the scenario of the changes taking place in the tribal society of India. One can notice changes in the living standard, food habits and lifestyle of the tribal community. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the determinants of such changes. Social change is the alteration of cultural practices, social structure and social behaviour for such people in society. Social-cultural mobility is the concept which gives us the ideas about what are the changes taking place among the Korkus

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Korku, Social mobility

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India has a long tradition of manuscript writing. Science has developed but ancient writing has a role to play. In this connection, it is very much necessary to see whether the ancient Indians had any contribution in any of these fields. On this background, it is very much gratifying to know that the veritable and perennial store-house of knowledge in Sanskrit-especially, still lying in unpublished manuscripts - is supposed to be indispensable in almost all the spheres of learning. Many scholars-Indian as well as westerners think it worthwhile to trace the roots of their discoveries to the ancient Indian literature- Hindu- Sanskrit. Jaina-Ardham?gadh? and Buddhist- P?l? tradition. The present paper traces the tools of ancient method of writing.

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 Keywords

Tools, Manuscript, Writer, Sanskrit, Ardham?gadh?, p?l?, lipi, lekhaka

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ABSTRACT In the realm of Indian Fiction in English, women novelists have exhibited their mettle amidst the grim situation in which society was patronised by patriarchy. Nineteen nineties witnessed the advent of many woman writers in India who proved to be remarkable in the portrayal of varied facets of pains and pangs of women � both traditional and modern. The group of Indian women novelists starting from Ruth Pawar Jabvala, Nayanatara Sahgal, Anita Desai, Shashi Deshpande, Kamala Markandaya, Manju Kapur are individuals who rebelled against the traditional role of women, and breaking the shackles of silent suffering of women. Manju Kapur is one among them who successfully and skilfully captured Indian ethos. She shows her deep insight into human nature and their day-to-day life. She, as a prolific and distinguished novelist, deals with women and their problems and love, sex and marriage in all her novels. She explores the clash between tradition and modernity, identity crisis of women, and their quest for independence, the east-west conflict. All the women characters in Difficult Daughters clearly move around the spirit of marriage in the Indian context. The first set of characters like Lajwanti, Kasturi, Harish�s mother, Kishori Devi, and Hirish�s first wife Ganga are confine to the Indian tradition of weeping brides. The second set of female characters, little radical and different from the first set, consists of Virmati, and her cousin Shakuntala, and her roommate, Swarnalatha. Virmati defies her own family and tradition. Her act of marriage with an already married Professor results in humiliation and misery. Her cousin, Shakuntala is a lashing and dynamic woman activist, politically agile, and conducts conferences for women. The third set of female characters includes Chhotti and Ida. This third of female characters set are categorically considered to be the prime concern of Manju Kapur. The self willed Chotti never marries, but self styled Ida enter the marital bond with a fellow of academic pursuit to settle a few contradiction of her personal life, which later ended with divorce, and childlessness. This research articles, �Conflict and Crisis of Virmati in Difficult Daughters of Manju Kapur� focuses on the conflict and crisis of Virmati in the male dominated Indian society.

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Key words: Tradition, Modernity, Identity Crisis, Patriarchal Dominance.

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This research article is based on the Jacques Lacan�s theory of �The Mirror Stage� his perspectives on the development of human identity and the process of the identity formation His major contribution is to show how human identity is constructed just via language, how human development and human identity is contingent on the language. Language itself is in flux, constantly fluctuating. He actually conducted a mirror test placing a child in front of the mirror and watching the child gradually learned to recognise itself in mirror. Thus this test lead to the development of the theory of �The Mirror Stage� It is important to discuss the Lacan�s theory of the mirror stage as it emphasise the development of the human identity, how this stage contributes in the language acquisition process as well as how the whole process of identity formation and language acquisition remains an unaccomplished project. Lacan brings to light the idea of formation of �I� as we experience in the psychoanalysis. Lacan�s main formulation is it the lack of something that causes the gain of the signifiers. Thus language is always connected to the loss of the object and the desire. Language itself is about lack, as signifiers do not lead to any final meaning but more signifiers.

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Fragmentation, Identity, signifiers, signified , the mirror stage, development,

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Industrialization and rapid population growth has increased the consumption of crude oils, coal and natural gas from time to time. In order to reach the demands of the people, conventional methods of biofuel production is highly essential. Most commonly used biofuel is ethanol which is primarily produced by sugar and starchy materials followed by lignocellulosic materials. This Paper reviews that the waste material of fruits and vegetables can be used as an excellent source of raw material for ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae by which we can reduce the economy of ethanol production industrially. However, optimization studies using different physical factors may also enhance the level of ethanol production. And finally comparative studies between the fruit and vegetable waste with that of synthetic commercial production medium leads to the conclusion that the highest alcohol yield could be produced using fruit and vegetable waste than that of commercial medium

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Fruit waste, vegetable waste, Biofuel, Ethanol, Industrialization

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The study was done with the objective of analysing, safety and welfare measure of the company, Knowing the opinion and satisfaction level of employee about health measure, safety measure and welfares followed in the company and the measure followed to prevent from accident in the company. The labour health, safety and welfare are the measure of promoting the efficiency of labour. The various welfare measure provided by the employee will have immediate impact on the health and mental efficiency of the worker and thereby contributing the higher productivity. The sample size was limited to 100 data were analysed using simple percentage analysis, based on the findings and interpretations, suitable suggestion were given of the company.

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Health, safety, welfare measure, job satisfaction

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This study is our academic project.The main reason for me to develop this programme is to store the analysed numerical data securely by providing user name and password Because in our academic project we studied and analysed raw data of the minimum organisms with IRGM protein in .If I want to continue my study then I have to secure the previous data,so for that we used this strategy. This study is the initiator to create a simple program example with MySQL Database and Java using NetBeans With Source Code .For developing this entire application we need NetBeans IDE,XAMPP,PhpMyAdmin,MySQL Database.I had written only the code that too error free.As I have used biological terms ,I encountered many errors.This page also provides evidence for error rectification also.

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MySQL,Java,NetBeans,Source-Code,XAMPP,PhpMyAdmin

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Abstract: Following Oil, Coffee becomes the leading traded commodity in the world and the top traded agricultural product of the world. Ethiopia becomes Africa�s top Arabica coffee producer and exporter. Even though Kaffa is the origin or birth place of coffee and known for coffee producing, the area is not cultivating the benefit or advantage from coffee marketing. Additionally, Kaffa coffee is priced at lower price in Ethiopian commodity exchange compared to coffee coming from other parts of Ethiopia. Against this backdrop, this study tried to identify the determinants of the marketability of Kaffa coffee. The study was employed through descriptive and explanatory design in which the data from target respondents were collected using questionnaires and interviews. In order to differentiate the determinants of marketability of Kaffa coffee, through Likert scale-based questionnaires 103 target respondents� views were considered and the interviews were conducted with 10 target respondents. Regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 21 was used as means for questionnaire-based data analysis. In-depth interview-based data were analyzed through content analysis. The results show that there are many determinants of marketability of Kaffa coffee. Among these the transportation, illegal trade, quality of coffee, promotion and destination branding holds the lion share. This study considered small sample size as well as focused only on Kaffa coffee. Thus, interested researchers could consider large sample size and determinants of marketability of other Ethiopian coffee.

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Key words: Kaffa, Ethiopia, Coffee, Marketability

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 Abstract

Economical load dispatch is process of real power setting on generators with an objective of minimizing fuel cost while satisfying equality and inequality constraints. Economic load dispatch problem is solved by classical manual and computational methods which takes long time to reach optimal solution. In practical there are many generating units so it is requisite to have an optimization method which provides optimal solution in less time. Particle bevy optimization algorithm is applied to economical load dispatch is capable of providing faster response and higher convergence rate.

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particle,economic load

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Concrete is a widely used material in construction that can withstand compressive load, Because of its brittle nature it is susceptible to cracks. Theses cracks in the field of pavement construction leads to ingress of fluids or substances into the lower layer of roads. Thus the leads to failure of cracks within the life of concrete. To avoid and overcome these cracks, need of increase in strength and durability of concrete. Especially in development of flexural strength of concrete. Introduction of bacteria into the concrete mixture works by precipitation of calcium carbonate to fill up the cracks in concrete. In this research, extensive laboratory investigations have been carried out to study the effect of introducing Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria on the mechanical properties of concrete. With addition to this beams of standard specimen for fatigue test were casted and test was conducted for normal and bacterial concrete for the stress ratio 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8. Then the results were compared. The experimental results of Bacterial Induced Concrete Pavement and plain concrete are discussed for M40 Grade of concrete for two type of cement. The results shows that bacterial induced concrete for OPC mix is 18% increase in compressive strength, 13.84 % increase in flexural strength and 11.32% increase in Split tensile strength when compared with normal concrete. The fatigue behaviour is studied and compared with IRC recommendations

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Bacterial concrete, Bacillus subtilis, Flexural fatigue model

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The aim of the study is to compare the haematological parameters of Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus ,1758 ) and Catla catla (Hamilton,1822). Mugil cephalus is a marine fish and Catla catla living in fresh water. The blood parameters RBC, WBC, Hb, haematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC are compared between the two species. Higher RBC, Haematocrit and MCV mean value were observed in Mugil cephalus shows the carrying capacity and the activeness is more in comparison with Catla catla. Higher WBC are found in Catla catla with respect to Mugil cephalus. Nearly same Hb are found in both the species. Higher MCH and MCHC are observed in Catla catla with respect to Mugil cephalus.

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Mugil cephalus , Catla catla , Marine fish, Fresh water fish , Haematological parameters.

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The cause of the �financial lockdown� is the corona virus, it has impacted on recession, rising unemployment, lowering industrial production and profits. The current situation has had a "high to very high" level of impact on the business and therefore the economy is collapsing. At this point the helicopter money as well as Quantitative Easing (QE) is boosting the economy. Helicopter money means printing money to monetize government deficits and stimulate the economy during the recession, everyone views the money used in Quantitative Easing (QE) as helicopter money. Restrictions due to lockdown on commercial activities are seriously affecting global and domestic growth. The GDP rate has already declined and the Covid-19 effect will collapse the commercial sector .More over the GDP rate will fall further which lead to further financial crisis in the future. However, helicopter money can be very useful in the current situation.

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Corona virus, Helicopter money, GDP, Quantitative Easing.

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 Abstract

The aim is to avoid the gap between the designed gear and production, which may due to human errors, material quality, etc., by adaptive manufacturing. This includes finding the generalized error equations of a critical part of the gear which is pitch circle for the designed and integrating the equation with workstation and machine with Decision support tool. Initially, gear is designed in designing tools and then manufactured by different processes. Finally, after the product is obtained there are chances of Type-1 or type-2 errors. These errors are discrete and can be formed in a library. With this library, mathematical models are created using different methods, explained in detail further. Now, these models are analyzed and formed different error equations. These equations will give us the idea of how the errors are generating for the particular material and particular dimensions of the gear. The process is much better explained in further.

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Machining, Intelligent machining, Integrated manufacturing, Gear manufacturing

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 Abstract

The small phenolic compound salicylic acid (SA) plays an important regulatory role in multiple physiological processes including plant immune response. The plant recognizes the bacterial pathogen and activates structural and biochemical defences to protect itself. Pathogen infection and recognition occurs in a series of responses. First, plants utilize pattern recognition receptors to recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as flagellin and lipopolysaccharides. In PAMP triggered immunity (PTI), a signal cascade involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activation of mitogen activated protein-kinases, cell wall fortification and pathogen response (PR) gene transcription. However, pathogens can attenuate the PTI responses by injecting effector proteins into the plant cells to inhibit the basal defense response. In recognition of these effector proteins, plants have evolved to express resistance genes encoding R proteins, which are able to recognize effector proteins and signal a hypersensitive response (HR) and pathogen resistance gene expression. This defense response is called effector triggered immunity (ETI), characteristic of an incompatible response. Plants that do not recognize effector proteins are susceptible and have a compatible reaction with the infecting pathogen. Compatible interaction is characterized by increased bacterial growth, increased levels of hormones such as ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA), and necrotic cell death. Incompatible reaction are characterized by HR involving a decrease in bacterial growth, programmed cell death, an increase in salicylic acid (SA) used to induce PR proteins and systemic acquired resistance(SAR) response. SA is a secondary metabolite produced by a wide range of prokaryotes and eukaryotes including plants. During the past two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding SA metabolism, signalling, and its interaction with other defense mechanisms, especially hormones. SA is predominantly associated with resistance against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, and triggering SAR. Exogeneous application of SA induces SAR in plants, resulting in resistance to certain pathogens. Conversely, plants expressing the bacterial NahG (encoding salicylate hydroxylase) , which converts SA to catechol , are more susceptible to several pathogens. Direct evidence for the role of SA in plant defense comes from the identification and characterization of an Arabidopsis isochorismate synthase (ICS) mutant that is defective in SA biosynthesis. There are several studies suggesting that endogeneous SA in plants plays a critical role in pathogenesis by its direct effects on the pathogen. This review focuses on effect of salicylic acid on the pathogenesis of Xanthomonas campestris and its role in inducing SAR responses in the host plants.

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Salicylic Acid, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, exogenous application

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Outlier detection is currently very active area of research in data set mining community. Finding outlier in a collection of patterns is a very well-known problem in the data mining field. An outlier is a pattern which is dissimilar with respect to the rest of the patterns in the dataset. In this paper, I present a survey of outlier detection techniques to reflect the recent advancements in this field. The survey will not only cover the traditional outlier detection methods for static and low dimensional datasets but also for dynamic/streaming and high-dimensional datasets.

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Data Mining, Outlier Detection, Low-dimensional datasets, High-dimensional Datasets

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This project is to develop a wheelchair which can be controlled with hand gesture. Manual movement of standard wheelchair can be difficult for a patient or people with mobility impairment. It also integrates stair climbing mechanism via track system that allows both ascent and decent motion with stability and size not more than any standard wheelchair and with maintaining aesthetics and low cost fabrication of the mechanism. Thus, wheelchair of this kind has been developed to overcome difficulties like application of manual effort for motion and disability of standard wheelchair being able to climb stairs. Wheelchair works with the help of DC motors and battery.

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Wheelchair, MEMS, Hand gesture controlled, Stair-climbing mechanism.

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SARS- CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for an outbreak of respiratory illness known as COVID-19, this epidemic has spread to several countries of the world. The world Health Organization has declared it a public Health Emergency of International concern. This paper is an attempt to understand about history, structure, taxonomy, origin, transmission pattern, symptoms, prevention and control of Coronavirus.

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Coronavirus, COVID-19,transmission,infection.

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The world has realized that the economic success of the states is directly determined by their education systems. Education is a Nation�s Strength. A developed nation is inevitably an educated nation. Indian higher education system is the third largest in the world, next to the United States and China. Since independence, India as a developing nation is contentiously progressing in the education field. Although there have been lot of challenges to higher education system of India but equally have lot of opportunities to overcome these challenges and to make higher education system much better. It needs greater transparency and accountability, the role of colleges and universities in the new millennium, and emerging scientific research on how people learn is of utmost important. India need well skilled and highly educated people who can drive our economy forward. India provides highly skilled people to other countries therefore; it is very easy for India to transfer our country from a developing nation to a developed nation. The current study aims to highlight the challenges and to point out the opportunities in higher education system in India.

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Higher Education, Opportunities, Challenges, Colleges, Universities

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