Volume 8 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Abstract: The present study deals with the adsorption of fluoride by soil. The soil samples were taken from south east areas of Rajasthan . Various experiments have been carried out using batch adsorption technique to study the effect of main parameters such as the influence of amount of soil ,Fluoride concentration, temperature and pH.The results showed that the adsorption percentage increased with the increase of soil and decreased with the increase in Fluoride concentration and the adsorption become maximum at 35OC and afterward it become decreases and the adsorption percentage was maximum at pH 6.5 and after this it becomes decreases

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Adsorption,Fluoride,soil, batch method ,pH

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In this paper the research gap is perceived and investigative questions are framed to find the impact of the use of ICT for business enterprise incubation/startup happening in India. In light of the above theories are proposed. Hypotheses are the assumptions characterized about the possible direction of the results that might be jumped on the climax of the investigation system. The hypotheses have been formulated for verifying the research constructs. The research goes for the basic investigation, examination, and adaption of ICT driven practices and techniques to be a piece of prepared reference for business practitioners. To examine how ICT can be utilized to make the business procedure increasingly proficient and profitable [1]. Also examines how ICT helps in building systems and procedures in performing examination of the discoveries and innovations to make business model offer market feasibility. Adequacy of ICT instruments are explored for pre-handling before the hatching of startup adventures. Studying and testing for recognizing the barriers associated with setting up startups is done. [2]

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Incubation, Startup, Hypotheses, Entrepreneurship, Risk metrics

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Targeted drug delivery, additionally referred to as good drug delivery, could be a methodology of treatment that involves the increase in medicinal drug in one or few body elements as compared to others. Two strategies are widely used for drug targeting to the specified organ/tissue: passive targeting and active targeting. Drug delivery vehicles transport the drug either at intervals or within the locality of target. An ideal drug delivery vehicle is meant to cross even stubborn sites like a blood brain barrier. Recently, nano medicine has emerged because the medical application of nanotechnology. Since nanoparticles are very tiny in size, nano drug delivery can allow for the delivery of drugs with poor solubility in water and additionally aid in avoiding the primary pass metabolism of liver. Nanotechnology derived drug delivery will cause the drug to stay in blood circulation for a protracted time, thereby resulting in lesser fluctuations in plasma levels and so, token facet effects. These include polymer-drug conjugates and nano particulate systems such as liposome�s, quantum dots, dendrimers, etc. There are several other approaches as well. These also include the strategies wherein the therapeutic agents are coupled with �targeting ligands� that possess the ability to recognize antigens associated with tumors.

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Targeted drug delivery, targeting ligands , passive / active targeting , Nanotechnology.

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The purpose of the paper is to explore the challenges of Teaching English at Engineering Institutions in Tamil Nadu. It also presents the difficulties faced by the teachers of English while developing their own specific competency to deal with the troubles of instructing the subject. The role of the language teacher is a crucial one as well as challenging towards the students of present scenario. The paper investigates by showing the troubles faced by English educators in designing curriculum. This is trailed by the examination of the challenges that the instructors themselves look to develop their abilities. Instructors must realize that point of training English in Engineering environment is a competency change. English educators of Engineering and Technology need to work hard to show their esteem and would be required to put their best to set up the students to go up against the troubles at the overall level.

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English Communication, Teaching Challenges, Engineering English, Technical English, Self-Development.

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Oyo Rooms and hotels started in 2013 as an Indian startup by Mr. Ritesh Agarwal is into Hospitality business. The issue of data breach came into the picture in the month of Oct 2019, when a person wrote about the leak of customer�s personal data including mobile no, booking IDs, location, number of people staying, etc. in the public forum. The person had stayed at the Oyo hotel and got to know about this vulnerability as he was able to brute-force the login credentials while executing the Captcha and can access all the past data. The study is about the data breach in Oyo cyber space which was published last year in 2019 and its consequences. I also studied the concept of cyber security and provided some remedial solutions which can be taken after or before the breach to reinforce the security of the Oyo cyber space in near future.

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Oyo rooms, Cybersecurity, Data Breach, Cyber Attack, IT ACT

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Orificemeter is used as flow meters in chemical industries,water treatment industry,oil industry and other mechanical equipment's.They are available at the lowest cost ,less maintenance and can be used for long life .The draw back with the orifice meter is that the amount of pressure drop occurs in the pipeline due to the presence of orifice (small opening) in these types of flow meters and the permanent pressure loss depend on the shape of obstruction, diameter ratio and properties of the fluids. Generally the shapes are in cross section of circular,eccentric,ellipse and many other . In this present paper,experiment is conducted in fluid mechanics & hydraulic machinery and the values are taken,tabulated and calculated and compared with the theory values to determine the permanent pressure loss and relative pressure loss for incompressible fluid for orifice plate.

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Fluid mechanics & hydraulics,orifice,orificemeter, pressure drop

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The edge computing systems, powered by the dreams of the Internet of Things and 5G communications, combine computing, storage, and network services at the edge of the network to provide computing resources, allowing developers to rapidly create and implement edge applications. The edge computing systems have currently received extensive attention in various fields. This paper offers a detailed overview of the current edge computing devices and proposes representative projects in order to identify new research possibilities and assist users in choosing appropriate edge computing systems for specific applications. It provides a study of open-source resources according to their scope. Finally, we illustrate edge computing systems for energy conservation and deep learning optimization. This paper also looks at relevant problems for understanding and developing an edge computing framework.

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edge computing technologies, energy management, open source edge computing tools.

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The study investigated peer victimization and personality traits as predictors of social phobia among secondary school adolescents in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Four research questions and four corresponding null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The participants in the study were 448 (males = 166, female = 282) adolescents drawn from public secondary school in Rivers State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to draw the sample of the study. Three instruments titled: Peer Victimization Scale (PVC); Five Factor Model Personality Scale (Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) (NEO-PR-I) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) were used for collection of data in the study. The reliability indices of the instruments were estimated using the Cronbach Alpha method of internal consistency with coefficient values of; Peer Victimization Scale r=.86 Personality traits Scale r=.76, the sub-scale (OCEAN) with the values of (.62, .69, .68, .73, .78) and social phobia inventory r=.89 respectively. The descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and multiple regression were used to answer research questions while two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); ANOVA and t-test associated with multiple regression were used to test hypotheses. The tenability of all the null hypotheses was tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The result revealed that, Peer victimization, gender and personality traits significantly predict social phobia but peer victimization based on gender and location agreeableness and conscientiousness had no significant prediction on social phobia. Openness to experience and neuroticism had a positive independent prediction while extraversion had a negative independent prediction on social phobia. Based on these findings recommendation were made.

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Peer victimization, Personality traits, adolescents and social phobia

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Whenever we start shopping we always think to make this experience a little more exciting and definitely with no fatigueless. So here in this project we present a technique which is IOT BASED SMART SHOPPING CART, the cart which is smart enough to reduce our work load and will serve as an advantage to both customer and owner. All the components are combined together to decrease the time consumption in the billing counters at the supermarkets. Chances of shop lifting and manpower will also decreased and increased the production & consumption.

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Smart, time consumption, decrease

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Bricks are the major concern building material used for constructional purpose. In earlier day�s mud blocks & in now a day clay bricks are being used. In the manufacturing of clay bricks the Carbon dioxide emission is more, since they are burned and the clay is exhausting. More than 300 million tons of industrial waste per annum in India mainly by chemical & industrial waste. Waste water treatment sludge is a type of waste obtained by industries. Paper pulp residue dominated during manufacturing of paper. Disposal of these waste into the environment causes land pollution. Many attempts have been made to overcome these problems. So the industrial waste materials & by products are used in the manufacturing of bricks. Here we have incorporated hypo sludge & the paper pulp residue along with fly ash, lime, quarry dust & gypsum to manufacture the bricks. The bricks are made without burning, Carbon dioxide emission is controlled. Hype sludge & paper pulp residue are randomly added at different percentages and the tests are conducted & the optimum percentage is obtained from the results. This attempt will be a better solution for the pollution problem

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Pulp Production Residue, Waste Water Treatment Sludge, Fly Ash , Quarry Dust

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To track the nectar collection in each chamber and to inform the occasion to place additional box.To record the physical parameters like temperature and humidity for developing theknowledge about bee behavior that will help to improve productivity.he honey bees build the traditional honey bee hive on walls, woods, and mud.Honey harvesting using artificial honeybeehive is becoming a new way of agriculture toproduce more amount of honey from a small area.The artificial colony has a verticalalignment of hive boxes to collect the honey. Once the weightof a box reaches thethreshold value, a new box will be placed on the top. The temperature andhumidity shouldbe maintained at a standard level for beneficial harvesting. At present, manually, thesemetrics are monitored, and the necessary action is taken for smooth collection.

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Honeybee, Honeybee hive,hive, honeyproduction, hivecolonys,Remote monitoring honeybee hive,internet of honeybees

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spiritual quotient, teaching effectiveness

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Abstract Objective: To determine the comparative effect of the functional faradism over strengthening exercises in reducing pain, joint stiffness, functional limitation and improving isometric quadriceps muscle strength and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Method: 32 patients with Osteoarthritis of Knee (18 women and 14 men) were randomly divided into group A and group B (16 patients in each group). Group A received the functional faradism for 5 days a week for 4 weeks, whereas the group B received strengthening exercises. Maximum isometric quadriceps muscles strength was assessed with the hand held dynamometer. Pain and the functional status of the patients were measured through WOMAC index. Results: Data analysis reported pain, joint stiffness, functional limitation reduced and maximum isometric quadriceps strength improved significantly at the end of 4th week compared with the post-treatment values in both the groups. On between group comparisons pain, joint stiffness, functional limitation and maximum isometric quadriceps muscles strength in functional faradism group were significantly improved (p<0.05) than group B received strengthening exercises at the end of 4th week. Conclusion: functional faradism has been shown significant effect in reducing pain, joint stiffness, functional limitation and improving isometric quadriceps muscle strength among the patients with knee osteoarthritis.

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Keywords: Functional Faradism, Hand-Held Dynamometer, WOMAC Index, Quadriceps Isometric Exercise, Osteoarthritis of Knee

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This study has been undertaken to investigate the comparative differences in the Attitude of Physical Education Lecturers working in physical education colleges and those working as physical education lecturers in academic colleges with respect to their Self-Concept. To find out these differences the data characteristics (descriptive statistics) such as Mean, Standard deviation, Range, etc. were determined. A one way analysis of variance technique was employed to check the significance in mean difference. For the very purpose of study the colleges were restricted to those affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University.

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Physical Education, Lecturer, Physical Education Lecturer, Self-Concept

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Electric pylon is used to transmit and distribute electric energy from it source of production, the generating station, to the load centers for further transmission and distribution. Transmission towers are constructed using angle section members which are eccentrically connected .It is strong enough to withstand a number of forces namely; its own weight, the pull of conductors wires at the top of the tower, the effect of seismic on the conductors and earth wires and the effect of seismic on the tower itself. In practice, proper planning and preparation must be adhered to when working near to or on the structure. The structure must also be adequately designed to not only support the weight of the wires and structure but also to safely transfers forces and moments from the structure to its foundation. The experience of past earthquakes shows that, although damages of the Electrical network installation are very extensive in length and area, they are infrequent. But the significance of these installations makes their protection and stability more important. In my study I increase the height of tower with respect to base width and top width for more safety. I select four different zone of earthquake in India as per Is code 1893-2002. Considering the load combination acting on the tower (DL, LL, WL, EL). Calculate maximum deflection, maximum support reaction, maximum support moment, axial stress and bending stress for all different height towers manually and by using software for different zone.

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Electric pylon, Seismic force, Bending moment, Shear Force

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Socio-cultural mobility is a concept about the changes which occur in society in the form of social, economic and political aspects to the structure and behaviour pattern of society. As stratification refers to the stable aspect of the division of society, mobility is a part of stratification; where a person shifts himself from one position to another, one place to another, upward to downward and downward to upward. Sanskritisation is a process which describes the socio-cultural mobility. This paper is a contribution to how to understand the relation between culture and society. The immense changes taking place in the society is categorized into the process namely Sanskritisation, Westernization, Modernization and Industrialization. These processes reflect the amount of mobility within the framework of the caste system. This paper is also talking about the socio-cultural changes among the tribals. The present paper aims to understand the scenario of the changes taking place in the tribal society of India. One can notice changes in the living standard, food habits and lifestyle of the tribal community. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the determinants of such changes. Social change is the alteration of cultural practices, social structure and social behaviour for such people in society. Social-cultural mobility is the concept which gives us the ideas about what are the changes taking place among the Korkus

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Korku, Social mobility

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India has a long tradition of manuscript writing. Science has developed but ancient writing has a role to play. In this connection, it is very much necessary to see whether the ancient Indians had any contribution in any of these fields. On this background, it is very much gratifying to know that the veritable and perennial store-house of knowledge in Sanskrit-especially, still lying in unpublished manuscripts - is supposed to be indispensable in almost all the spheres of learning. Many scholars-Indian as well as westerners think it worthwhile to trace the roots of their discoveries to the ancient Indian literature- Hindu- Sanskrit. Jaina-Ardham?gadh? and Buddhist- P?l? tradition. The present paper traces the tools of ancient method of writing.

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Tools, Manuscript, Writer, Sanskrit, Ardham?gadh?, p?l?, lipi, lekhaka

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ABSTRACT In the realm of Indian Fiction in English, women novelists have exhibited their mettle amidst the grim situation in which society was patronised by patriarchy. Nineteen nineties witnessed the advent of many woman writers in India who proved to be remarkable in the portrayal of varied facets of pains and pangs of women � both traditional and modern. The group of Indian women novelists starting from Ruth Pawar Jabvala, Nayanatara Sahgal, Anita Desai, Shashi Deshpande, Kamala Markandaya, Manju Kapur are individuals who rebelled against the traditional role of women, and breaking the shackles of silent suffering of women. Manju Kapur is one among them who successfully and skilfully captured Indian ethos. She shows her deep insight into human nature and their day-to-day life. She, as a prolific and distinguished novelist, deals with women and their problems and love, sex and marriage in all her novels. She explores the clash between tradition and modernity, identity crisis of women, and their quest for independence, the east-west conflict. All the women characters in Difficult Daughters clearly move around the spirit of marriage in the Indian context. The first set of characters like Lajwanti, Kasturi, Harish�s mother, Kishori Devi, and Hirish�s first wife Ganga are confine to the Indian tradition of weeping brides. The second set of female characters, little radical and different from the first set, consists of Virmati, and her cousin Shakuntala, and her roommate, Swarnalatha. Virmati defies her own family and tradition. Her act of marriage with an already married Professor results in humiliation and misery. Her cousin, Shakuntala is a lashing and dynamic woman activist, politically agile, and conducts conferences for women. The third set of female characters includes Chhotti and Ida. This third of female characters set are categorically considered to be the prime concern of Manju Kapur. The self willed Chotti never marries, but self styled Ida enter the marital bond with a fellow of academic pursuit to settle a few contradiction of her personal life, which later ended with divorce, and childlessness. This research articles, �Conflict and Crisis of Virmati in Difficult Daughters of Manju Kapur� focuses on the conflict and crisis of Virmati in the male dominated Indian society.

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Key words: Tradition, Modernity, Identity Crisis, Patriarchal Dominance.

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This research article is based on the Jacques Lacan�s theory of �The Mirror Stage� his perspectives on the development of human identity and the process of the identity formation His major contribution is to show how human identity is constructed just via language, how human development and human identity is contingent on the language. Language itself is in flux, constantly fluctuating. He actually conducted a mirror test placing a child in front of the mirror and watching the child gradually learned to recognise itself in mirror. Thus this test lead to the development of the theory of �The Mirror Stage� It is important to discuss the Lacan�s theory of the mirror stage as it emphasise the development of the human identity, how this stage contributes in the language acquisition process as well as how the whole process of identity formation and language acquisition remains an unaccomplished project. Lacan brings to light the idea of formation of �I� as we experience in the psychoanalysis. Lacan�s main formulation is it the lack of something that causes the gain of the signifiers. Thus language is always connected to the loss of the object and the desire. Language itself is about lack, as signifiers do not lead to any final meaning but more signifiers.

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Fragmentation, Identity, signifiers, signified , the mirror stage, development,

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Industrialization and rapid population growth has increased the consumption of crude oils, coal and natural gas from time to time. In order to reach the demands of the people, conventional methods of biofuel production is highly essential. Most commonly used biofuel is ethanol which is primarily produced by sugar and starchy materials followed by lignocellulosic materials. This Paper reviews that the waste material of fruits and vegetables can be used as an excellent source of raw material for ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae by which we can reduce the economy of ethanol production industrially. However, optimization studies using different physical factors may also enhance the level of ethanol production. And finally comparative studies between the fruit and vegetable waste with that of synthetic commercial production medium leads to the conclusion that the highest alcohol yield could be produced using fruit and vegetable waste than that of commercial medium

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Fruit waste, vegetable waste, Biofuel, Ethanol, Industrialization

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