Volume 12 | Issue 4

 Abstract

The occurrence of stray cows on roadways, particularly national highways in Tamil Nadu, has emerged as a significant problem, leading to accidents and raising worries about public safety. Although highly respected in Hindu traditions, the presence of stray cattle wandering unrestricted and defecating on highways has resulted in the safety and security of these animals. Although local authorities and panchayats acknowledge this problem, they have not yet implemented any meaningful measures to resolve it. The existing legal framework for addressing the issues arising from these roaming livestock is inadequate and requires identification and rectification. One of the causes that contribute to this situation is the practice of farmers abandoning male calves, which in turn leads to a rise in the number of stray animals. Moreover, there is a dearth of transparent government statistics about cattle mortality, with the majority of information being derived from press sources. According to statistics, a significant number of stray animals, including cows, perish each year due to factors such as traffic accidents and ingestion of plastic. The authors try to emphasizes the need of implementing thorough legislative and regulatory actions to address the increasing issue of stray cattle on highways, which presents hazards to public safety, cleanliness, and animal welfare. The article also provides various suggestive measures that can be implemented for the protection of stray animals in the streets of Tamil Nadu.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Stray animals, Cattle, Animal Welfare, Menace, Safety.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The synthesis of Zinc Oxide nano particle using Cocos Nucifera Flower Milk Extract has been illustrated in detail. The increasing demands for the nano particles applications open up new areas in the process of its synthesis. We deals with a green synthesis in this study using cocos nucifera flower milk extracts. The coconut flower milk extract was found efficient for synthesis of zinc oxide nano particles. It is eco-friendly and convenient one. The green synthesized zinc oxide nano particle were characterized by (UV) Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, (FTIR) Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, (PA) Particle size analyzer , (XRD) X-ray diffraction, and Antimicrobial Test Analysis. These are used in the treatment of kidney stones, diabetics, thyroid problem, weight loss . It is anti-inflammatory medicine.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Zinc Oxide, Cocos Nucifera, Green Synthesis, UV, FTIR, XRD, Particle size analyzer, Antimicrobial Activity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This investigation explores the utilization of Ultra-fine in the production of high- performance Concrete (HPC) with gives early age strength for concrete. The study examines the early development of compres ive strength after casting, alongside as es ing variations in workability and the retention thereof in mix preparation. Moreover, it investigates the compres ive strain behaviour, flexural parameters, resistance to acid at ack, early age shrinkage, and select durability properties of the resultant optimal concrete mixes. Microstructural modifications are evaluated using Scan ing Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests. The incorporation of Ultrafine led to a reduction in fresh properties beyond certain ad ition percentages. Notably, substituting part of Cement with Ultrafine in HPC mixes demonstrated significant enhancements in mechanical and durability aspects. The ad ition of Ultrafine, when combined with fly ash at optimal quantities, notably improved the early age strength of concrete while moderately enhancing other mechanical properties. However, it was observed that the use of selected mineral admixtures under a multiple blend system increased early age shrinkage-induced stres levels and concrete brit lenes . Nonetheles , an improvement in microstructure was observed, characterized by a denser hydrated matrix of ering enhanced homogeneity and improved bonding with ag regates. Furthermore, an increase in strength-governing hydration phases was evidenced with the optimal ad ition of ultrafine. The combination of Ultrafine and Fly ash significantly enhanced durability behaviour, at ributed to microstructural refinement through pore refinement.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ultrafine Mineral Admixture

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

SMARTCHAT is a real-time chat application developed using Flutter and OpenAI. It combines an AI-based chatbot and an image generator to enhance user interaction and engagement. The chatbot utilizes natural language processing algorithms to understand user queries and generate relevant and context-aware responses. This AI-driven feature improves the user experience by providing accurate and efficient assistance. Additionally, the image generator leverages OpenAI's models to create visually appealing and customized images based on user input, adding a visual element to the chat experience. SMARTCHAT showcases the potential of integrating AI capabilities into chat applications, demonstrating the power of Flutter for cross-platform compatibility and creating a modern and intuitive user interface. Overall, this paper highlights the effectiveness of combining Flutter and OpenAI technologies to develop a sophisticated and intelligent chat application that delivers personalized responses and generates captivating images.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Real-time chat application, AI-based chatbot, image generator, Flutter, OpenAI, personalized responses, natural language processing.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A fuzzy matrix is a matrix with component having values in the closed interval (0,1). Application of fuzzy set theory in medicine are by no means constricted to medical diagnosis, other applications involve for example, fuzzy controller for various medical devices and fuzzy decision making for determining appropriate therapies. In this paper some sufficient conditions for convergence under "max average" composition of the fuzzy matrix and of a fuzzy state process are established. An occurrence relation R and conformability relation S are determined form expert medical evidence and examination of the related patient with depression. Now yoga is being applied as a remedy around the world. It has observed that yoga is very beneficial for depression people to remain healthy and also to reduce the depression. As we find yoga brings as very positive change in attitude and behavior and increases mental capacities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fuzzy matrix, Fuzzy logic, Yoga , Depression, Pentagonal Fuzzy matrix.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Distributed Generation Systems (DGS) represent an energy source for local loads to transmit voltage from a local generating plant, utilizing a diverse array of small-scale energy sources to meet electricity demands. While numerous studies focus on enhancing voltage profiles and stability within transmission and distribution networks through Distributed Generation (DG), economic considerations remain relatively unexplored. This work addresses the gap by examining the economic parameters associated with integrating Photovoltaic Distributed Generation (PV DGS) into power systems, utilizing a WSCC 9-bus system, modified to an 11-bus configuration by connecting two PV DGS to the load buses. By assessing the initial infrastructure cost, payback period, and return on investment, this study offers insights into the economic implications of incorporating PV DGS, contributing to a deeper understanding of the interplay between technical and economic factors in distributed energy systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Western system coordinating council, Distributed generation, Photovoltaic, Initial investment cost, payback period, Return on investment.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The paper gives a study of health care facilities in the tribal regions of South Bastar Dantewada. The study area is one of the block i.e. Geedam, conducted through questionnaire which was asked to the health centres and also to the patients visiting the centre.The study concludes and further suggests the health infrastructure and other facilities of the Geedam block.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ayushmaan yojana, Tribal health infrastructure, rural health.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Blockchain technology can be employed in the education sector by building a decentralized system to store and share student records. The records can be encrypted to guarantee their confidentiality and security. With a blockchain- based system, student records can be saved in blocks that are linked and secured via cryptography. The records are decentralized and not controlled by any single entity, making them less susceptible to hacking or tampering. By using blockchain technology, educational institutions can create a more secure and efficient system for storing and sharing student records. This can streamline the process of transferring records between schools, and provide a secure and transparent way for students to access their own records. In this study, we provide a novel Merkle tree-based strategy for preserving the accuracy of student records and outline how to put it into practice. The software architecture resembled blockchain technology and was developed for private network deployment. The key components of our strategy are replacing conventional audit trails with their cryptographically secure equivalent and simplifying the Blockchain framework by avoiding mining. The cryptography system's framework is presented, and the new five dimensions of chaotic map academic records are proposed. Our study utilizes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences and operations and the chaotic system to strengthen the cryptosystem in the blockchain authentication and authorization process. The significant advantage of this method is enhancing the generation of the hash function, which is the most critical challenge in the blockchain concept. The experimental outcomes and security analysis demonstrated that the proposed method works well in terms of different aspects. The suggested hash function's hash value distribution, sensitivity to tiny message modifications, confusion and diffusion qualities, resilience against birthday attacks, keyspace analysis, collision resistance, efficiency, and flexibility were all considered throughout the study.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, Data Storage Blockchain, Access Model Blockchain, Authentication Blockchain, Ethereum, Smart Contract, Cryptography.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The significance of financial literacy for youth is examined in this abstract. It emphasizes the advantages of financial literacy, such as the ability to make wise decisions, practice frugal spending, and ensure one's financial stability in the future. The abstract highlights how young people must make an effort to understand the fundamentals of personal finance because there is a dearth of formal financial education. It ends with some recommendations on how to learn about money, such as practicing with real-world scenarios and utilizing age-appropriate materials.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Financial literacy, Financial well-being, Budgeting, Saving, Spending habits

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Traditional and improved Soybean cultivars collected from different parts of the Marathwada region in Maharashtra in India were raised for studying grain discoloration and screening of seed-borne mycoflora. Ten species of fungi were isolated from a discolored grain of the samples using the standard blotter paper method. The most predominant species observed was Fusarium spp. followed by Aspergillus Niger and Alternaria alternata. The seed mycoflora shows significant diversities in all the cultivars. High accumulations of mycoflora were observed in traditional than improved cultivars. The association of the mycoflora with various cultivars indicated seed contamination, thus reducing seed quality.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Soybean seed, germination, grain discoloration, quality seeds, seed-borne mycoflora

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Our country is facing a concerning rise in crimes against women. Ensuring the safety of women is crucial, and technology can play a vital role in addressing this issue. We need an application that can help women in distress. website is dedicated to addressing the safety concerns that women face in our country. Through our platform, women can easily file complaints, ensuring their voices are heard and action is taken quickly. Using our map feature, finding the nearest police station becomes simple, providing urgent help when needed. We offer resources to empower women to stand up for their rights and seek assistance when necessary. Users can access information on relevant laws and acts related to women's safety, equipping them with legal knowledge and protections Our platform provides practical safety tips and engaging videos, giving women the tools and knowledge to navigate unsafe situations confidently.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP, Women Safety, Mapping, Motivation, Legal Information, And Complaint Registration Women's security applications.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The pharmaceutical industry continually seeks innovative analytical techniques to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of medications. This abstract provides an overview of recent advancements in pharmaceutical analytical techniques. Recent years have witnessed a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical analysis, driven by technological advancements and evolving regulatory requirements. One notable advancement is the application of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques such as LC-MS and GC-MS. LC-MS offers high sensitivity and specificity for the identification and quantification of drug compounds, metabolites, and impurities, while GC-MS is valuable for volatile compound analysis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

...

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Adhesive capsulitis is condition characterised by progressive loss of both active and passive range of motion with potential of spontaneous resolution in 3 years. It is common in age group of 40- 65 years. Many studies have shown the effectiveness of kinesiotaping on adhesive capsulitis alone but there is a lack of studies that proves that if kinesiotaping along with mobilization will show any early recovery in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Thus there is need to see there is any effect of kinesiotaping along with kaltenborn mobilization in subacute adhesive capsulitis patients . AIM: Aim of the study is to analyse the effectiveness of kinesiotaping along with kaltenborn mobilization in patients with subacute adhesive capsulitis. OBJECTIVE: This study is to analyse the effectiveness of kinesiotaping along with kaltenborn mobilization in patients with subacute adhesive capsulitis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total number of 15 subjects were age group between 40- 65 years with subacute adhesive capsulitis are randomly selected for this study. The subjects of this group are given treatment for a period of 4 weeks. Before and after the treatment the subjects with pain and disability were measured using Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) for taking pre-test and post-test values respectively. The t value is calculated by the pre-test and post-test values of SPADI. RESULT: By the values of statistical analysis of the study show that kinesiotaping along with kaltenborn mobilization is effective for disability and relief in subacute adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joint. KEYWORDS: Sub-acute adhesive capsulitis, kinesiotaping, kaltenborn mobilization, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Sub-acute adhesive capsulitis, kinesiotaping, kaltenborn mobilization, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Artificial intelligence based image processing systems are now quite common in use. The following report consists of the information about AI based Vehicle Monitoring system (A.I.V.M.S.S). Image processing and capturing are vital part of this project and then based on this two processing the vehicle data is collected. And record of how many times a car has entered exited the campus can be kept. The system also acts as a security system and captures images of all kind of vehicles that enter the campus. The system is based on the deep learning concepts of AI and machine vision. The neural networks are used for the programming and identification of the vehicles. Every time the vehicle enters or leaves the count changes of that particular car and to maintain that count record and capture a clear image of the number plate is the main aim of this system. The system is very identical to the traffic control system and number plate identification, but with addition of few more modifications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial intelligence (AI), AI based Vehicle Monitoring system (A.I.V.M.S.S), Artificial neural network (ANN), Convolutional neural network (CNN), Optical character recognition (OCR).

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Political violence is considered the utilization of power and force to accomplish different types of political goals. On the other hand, political violence relies on two different things such as physical and psychological acts. These are responsible for aiming at intimidating populations or citizens. In terms of political parties, they are mostly renowned as essential institutions of democracy. Similarly, competing with different election parties defines a choice of governance for the citizens. In terms of opposition, they are responsible for holding others accountable for the government. Whenever people join in parties, they are providing their time and also donate their money along with the vote. Participation of citizens within political parties can help to get different types of benefits and opportunities. In some cases of Nigeria and India political parties influence or rather promote violence among citizens intheir quest to win elections. Using both primary and secondary source of data this paper investigatehow this violence occurred and suggest workable solutions on how to stop such violence among citizens especially youth in the name of winning elections.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Political Party, Violence, Election Violence, Election, Democracy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Our current supply chains struggle with hidden inefficiencies and vulnerabilities due to limited transparency. This opacity fuels the rampant issue of counterfeiting, often undetectable by sight. Existing methods like RFID tags and AI offer some solutions, but they're hampered by limitations like replicability and high computational demands. This project proposes a novel approach: harnessing the power of blockchain technology. By creating a decentralized, tamper-proof ledger that tracks every step of a product's journey, this system guarantees transparency and traceability throughout the supply chain. Blockchain based system, makes everything decentralized that may be accessed by several parties at the same time. One of its main advantages is that the recorded data is difficult to change without the consent of all parties concerned which makes the data extremely secure and protect from all vulnerabilities. This paper presents system designed using blockchain technology for detection of counterfeit products.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, Counterfeit, RFID, Artificial Intelligence, QR code.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In order to gain greater insights into the use and importance of plant medicines, a study on the prolonged consumption of Jatropha tanjorensis also commonly known as hospital too far, chaya amongst other names was carried out. Jatropha tanjorensis is native of Mexico and Central America. It is grown in the Southern part of Nigeria and its leaves are used as vegetables and plant medicines. It has been reported to possess ethnomedicinal uses which include its efficacy in the treatment of high blood pressure, anemia, hyperlipidemia, antimicrobial, antimalarial and hematological properties. Albino rabbits weighing 2.8 - 3.00kg were divided into control experimental group I: aqueous leaf extracts group and experimental group II: Methanolic leaf extracts were used. Control group rabbits were administered 3kg grower's mash feed per 300ml distilled water ad libitum for 90 days. Experimental group I rabbits were administered 3kg grower's mash per 300ml aqueous leaf extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis ad libitum for 90 days. While experimental group II rabbits were administered 3kg growers mash per 300ml methanolic leaf extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis ad libitum for 90 days. The rabbits were "sacrificed" at the end of the experiment and histopathological examinations were carried out. From observations, control group rabbits did not present any histological changes in the liver. Liver tissues of experimental group I rabbits presented hepatocytes with Micro Vesicular Steatosis (MIST), mild distortions with features of fatty degeneration in the early stages. Liver tissues of experimental group II rabbits presented grave distortions with localized infiltration of inflammatory cells indicative of a diseased tissue. The aqueous leaf extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis caused milder effects compared to the methanolic leaf extracts which directly suggests that higher toxicity levels occur with methanolic leaf extracts of the plant.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Jatropha tanjorensis, ad libitum, liver, aqueous, methanolic, hepatocytes, Micro Vesicular Steatosis.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Introduction: Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are commonly utilized for treating the symptoms of the common cold due to their accessibility and affordability, especially in regions where healthcare access is limited. This study aims to gather data on the usage of OTC medications, specifically focusing on cetirizine, levocetirizine, phenylephrine, paracetamol, and other commonly used remedies for cold relief. Methods: Data collection involved surveying individuals to ascertain their utilization of OTC medications for treating common cold symptoms. Additionally, therapeutic effects reported in published articles regarding various OTC drugs were analyzed to determine their efficacy in alleviating cold symptoms. Results: Our analysis revealed widespread use of OTC medications for the common cold. The data obtained from published studies provided insights into the therapeutic effects of various OTC drugs on the body. Through statistical analysis, we evaluated the effectiveness of these medications for cold remedies. Discussion: The findings of this study shed light on the efficacy of OTC medications for treating the common cold. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential risks associated with overuse of these medications, particularly among different age groups. Awareness regarding appropriate OTC medication usage and its effects across extreme ages is crucial for optimizing healthcare practices. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of OTC medication usage for cold remedies and emphasizes the importance of responsible usage, especially considering the potential impact on individuals across different age groups. Further research and awareness efforts are warranted to promote safe and effective usage of OTC medications for cold relief.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

OTC, non-prescription, cetirizine, levocetirizine, common cold

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper critically analyzes the motivations, strategies, and consequences of the invasion, examining its impact on Afghan society, regional stability, and global security dynamics. Through a comprehensive review of historical context, primary sources, and scholarly literature, this study seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of the complex factors driving the invasion and its far-reaching implications. Key themes explored include the role of terrorism, the quest for geopolitical dominance, nation-building efforts, human rights considerations, and the challenges of counterinsurgency warfare.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

1. Prelude to the invasion 2. Overthrow of the Taliban 3. Casualties & war crimes 4. Legality of the Invasion 5. Aftermath of the Invasion 6. Media Coverage 7. Looting & Damage 8. Public Opinion 9. Methodology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the relevant previous literature to provide insights into maximizing the effectiveness of healthcare logistics through the application of pharmacoeconomics. It investigates pharmacoeconomic evaluation validity in Egypt by examining pricing, reimbursement, and evaluation of pharmacoeconomics. It helps to identify problems and areas for improvement. Design, methodology, and approach: This paper reviews the prior literature, particularly on publications published after 2013 when the Egyptian Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Unit was established. Findings: Considering the results of this study, Egypt appears to be off to a promising start in its pharmacoeconomic evaluation--additionally, the advancement of pharmacoeconomics aids in the optimization of healthcare logistics. Practical implications: This study provides recommendations on how Egyptian Pharmacy and Therapeutic (P&T) decision-makers can best utilize pharmacoeconomics to lower healthcare logistics costs and maintain a high level of service. Originality/value: This review will be valuable for both academics and practitioners. From a research perspective, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the application of pharmacoeconomics to reduce healthcare logistics costs in developing countries. It also identifies possible research directions. To effectively manage healthcare logistics costs, it provides an authoritative viewpoint on the effectiveness of pharmacoeconomics implementation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: healthcare logistics, Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation, drug management, Cost-effectiveness analysis, medicine Reimbursement.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition