Volume 8 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Current regime of sexual offences in India are gender biased, they contend male to be perpetrators and female to be victims of sexual offences. In the wake of social change, it is quintessential to expand the definitions provided for various categories of sexual offences, to include sexual offences of homosexual nature and recognition of woman as perpetrators to sexual offences. Sodomy criminalizes only a part of homosexual offences therefore not entirely effective. Criminal Law Amendment Bill, 2019 though paves positive step towards gender neutrality of sexual offences but it has not been enforced yet. Beside substantive changes, procedural changes need to be incorporated for proper disposal off gender neutral sexual offences. However, amendment in penal code is just one step towards gender neutrality of sexual offences. Effective change can be possible by collaborating law with judicial recognition of non penetrative rape, elimination of social stigma, generating awareness, and proper sex education.

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 Keywords

Gender-neutral sexual offence, Rape of men, Women perpetrators, Homosexual rape, Non penetrative rape

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A MANET is a type of ad-hoc network that can change locations and configure itself on the fly. Because MANETs are mobile, they use wireless connections to connect to various networks. This can be standard Wi- Fi connections, or another medium, such as a cellular or satellite transmission. A Mobile Sensor Network (MSN) is a collection of mobilize attached sensor nodes. The relation between WSN and MSN is that when WSN is that when WSN nodes are moving they are known as MSN. Routing is a basic step for data exchange in MSN. It becomes essential to design a secure network as it finds applications in different fields where data and communication are important like that in defense areas and disaster rescue operations. The black hole attack is one of the security risks. In this attack, a malicious node falsely advertise or impersonates itself as a valid route for destination and once source selects it as a route, it starts dropping the data packets instead of forwarding. In this work, Zone Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (ZEEP) is one of the protocols which are the modification form of one of the most prominent routing algorithm, ad- hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing, for the MANETs. In this black hole attack in AODV and ZEEP protocols using network simulator and have tried to find that the effect of Black Hole Attack is less effect in ZEEP protocol. Simulations are carried out in the MATLAB and the efficiency of the network in terms of throughput and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End- to- End and Energy Consumption are measured. In this research, I will identify or survey related work done by the various authors in past regarding prevention of the black hole attack in the network.

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AODV, Black hole attack, MANET, ZEEP

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 Abstract

The present study has been conducted in Solan and Una district of Himachal Pradesh. The areas have been selected purposely for the empirical verification because while district Una falls in low altitude where as, district Solan falls in the mid altitude of Himachal Pradesh. There are five development blocks in Una district (Una, Amb, Gagret, Haroli and Bangana) and five development blocks in Solan district (Dharmpur, Kandaghat, Nalagarh, Solan and Kunihar). All the ten blocks of the two panchayats have been selected for the study. A list of villages has been arranged in an ascending order on the basis of their respective population and one village from each development blocks are selected randomly. The size of holdings considered viz. marginal (0-1 hectares), small (1-2 hectares), medium (2-4 hectares) and large size of holding (about 4 hectare area). 404 households are selected randomly in the study area. Agriculture is the main occupation adopted by 72.66 per cent marginal 75.86 per cent small and 70.67 per cent medium farmers and 71.08 per cent large. The maximum number of cash crop growers belong to the general category i.e. 38.57 per cent marginal, 35.04 per cent small and 38.60 per cent medium and 40.0 per cent. The sex ratio has been defined as the number of females per thousand males in the population. The sex-ratio among the all sample households has been worked out 966 females per thousand males.

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 Keywords

Cash Crops, Cultivator , Labour Force, Consumer Unit and Standard Mandays

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Abstract: The Corporate Social Responsibility which popularly known by its acronym CSR is the integral function of the Industries and Socio-Economic, Health firms etc. So far Indian CSR practices concerned, the 19th and most probably 20th century colonial Indian industrialists tried to do philanthropic activities in rural areas and in the field of education and Health though it was not the integral part of the industry. This paper tries to find out the meaning and functioning of the CSR so as to understand the jargon of CSR. It also finds why the Multinational Corporations as well as certain industries even not multi-national are engaged into the practices of CSR. Are there any motives behind conducting CSR activities? Whether it is for Social cause or for the Company to stay in a limelight of the Stock Market? Actually, the CSR systems are held to legitimise the functions of the corporation by influencing stakeholders� and society�s perceptions towards it. These CSR activities are held to build corporate reputation which will increase the consumer base for them. This paper tries to show the findings about CSR understanding by the firms which are actually involved into business practices. Whether social responsibility is imposed or these corporations themselves adopting these CSR Practices? What are the areas which can be addressed by the CSR? Are there different CSR of the Stock listed companies and non-stock-listed Companies? The paper have also taken samples of the CSR functioning firms and authorities and have tried to reveal the findings of CSR.

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Corporate; Philanthropy; Legitimise; Stock-listed; Stakeholders

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract With an ever-increasing access to more forms of literature, language can be taught in more innovative and engaging ways. Language is a subject based on rules and can often cause monotony. If a teacher only sticks to the rules, it can cause students to lose interest, composure and hence cause errors. Comics can be very effectively used to teach language due to multiple reasons � It has pragmatic intelligence as comics generally have a narrative, plot, or emotion captured in very few frames, it can be used in multiple ways such as role plays, writings, etc. and it also has colloquial language which is beneficial to introduce, even mundane concepts. These aspects of comics brand it as a source of literature. This paper focuses on how comics, which are a source of literature, can also be considered as a reliable tool in language teaching. The pedagogy used in comics promotes target language through student centered work and group work, and it also promotes use of higher-level thinking skills such as analysis by comparing panels, and synthesis by creating a comic. A comic strip can be used in multiple ways and promote different skill sets such as fill in the blanks (grammar and vocabulary), jigsaw (analytical skills), creating comic (creativity), sentences (grammar and vocabulary). Comic books also provide authentic material to depict how grammar is used in conversations as opposed to sentences without background. They are funny and will engage the students. It also promotes learning different cultures as comic books are used across the world which will further boost vocabulary. Themes: Comics is a source of Literature and an effective tool of Language Teaching.

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Literature, Pragmatic intelligence, Pedagogy, Grammar, Vocabulary, Culture.

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Today corona virus outbreak has hit millions of lives across the world. And the rising threat of this virus is continuously increasing every day. Countries affected with corona virus are now taking major steps to address it using AI and big data technologies. The rapid, global spread of COVID-19 has brought advanced big data analytics tools to the front and center, where entities from all sectors of the healthcare industry are seeking to monitor and reduce the blow of this virus. This paper is an approach to determine the use of data analytics and AI to collect, analyze and predict different models, equations etc of the outbreak that help to fight against novel corona virus.

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COVID-19, RIP, BlueDot, NLP, SIR

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The present research paper makes a modest attempt to explore and contradict the issues of gender and society prevalent during the Victorian era represented in the short story �Malachi�s Cove� by Anthony Trollope. A woman during this era was expected to be trained in the domestic sphere to build the family and nurture her husband and children. Trollope breaks this notion through the portrayal of his character Mally Trenglos.Trollope the reformer and the reformation of his female character in relation to gender, social class and genre are the intertwined subjects of this research article. It focuses on the gender and the portrayal of the female protagonist as it emerges in the short story. It also gives a clear picture about the stereotypical Victorian women and how Trollope has violated this notion through his short story.

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Victorian women, gender, society, stereotype

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This articles examines the consumer buying behaviour towards dairy products with special references to Chikhli taluka. Consumer Buying Behaviour means to understand and predict buying behaviour of consumer in the market place. Study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data has been collected through well-structured questionnaire. Convince sampling method was used for data collection and 100 respondent were. The most of the respondent were mostly influenced by packaging of the product, freshness was the reason for using non-branded dairy product, Local shops were mostly preferred, mostly decisions for the purchasing of dairy product were made by the mother�s and most of the respondent spend between 1001 and 1500 per month on dairy product. To conclude there is still opportunity in the market for the companies and respective message should be pass on to people who are still not using branded dairy product.

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 Keywords

Consumer Buying Behaviour, Dairy Products, Brand

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Rivers in our country considered sacred, but very few people talk about their conservation. Due to the dumping of waste into the rivers are polluted and lost their existence. Many river cleaning projects like "Narmada Bachao", "Namami Gange" are operated by the Indian government. Many other large and small cleaning projects are operated by the government which requires huge capital investment. By considering to the remedy of such a serious problem we made a project which name is pond skimmer. Pond Skimmer is designed in such a way that it collects all the garbage floating on the surface of the water. It collects all types of waste such as plastic wastes, bottles, etc. After the collection of waste, the collected waste can be easily disposed. It is a water boa t having a conveyor and propeller placed on the shaft and bearing supports. A geared dc motor (1308 series) has been used to drive the conveyor. As the conveyor rotates, it collects the waste and puts into a collector box situated at the hind. Pond Skimmer is an RF-based wireless boat that contains Rx-Tx modules (434MHz). The boat remotely controlled up-to 100 meters(maximum) distance. By making this project we can collect all the wastes from the water surface and reduce human intervention such as minimizing labor work, sending the man into pond, etc. We can use this project in the future for other purpose such as checking of water quality, the temperature of the pond, oxygen level of pond, etc.

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 Keywords

Pollution, waste collector, geared dc motor(1308 series), RF Tx-Rx 434MHz module, conveyor, propeller.

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In this current scenario of the Novel Coronavirus people are struggling to fight against this outbreak. So the development in today�s technology helps in most of the ways to fight against the pandemic. Advancements in AI application such as natural learning processing, speech recognition, data analytics, machine learning and others such as chatbots and facial recognition have not only been used for diagnosis but also for contact tracing and vaccine development. So AI helps us in most of the ways to fight against the virus attack.

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Artificial Intelligence, AI, Coronavirus, COVID-19, BlueDot, Vaccine, AlphaFold, Thermal-Sensor, Analytical data.

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Sacred grove is conserved forest patch. Sacred grove consist high richness of fauna and flora. In Present work is the intensive exploration of durgawadi sacred grove. Durgawadi is small village come under Hatvij Grampanchayat. Durgawadi plateau is one of largest diversity area in pune District.Sacred grove consist of 190 Plants. In this plants list some plants was highly medicinal value , Endemic ,Insectivores eg Smithia purpurea. Drosera indica Cythocline purpurea which is utilized by local tribal people. The area of Sacred grove is humid and cool. Present work is carried out for finding out florally richness of flora. This sacred grove belong to Desh Pashim of Maharashtra region. durgawadi plateau is consider as a mini kas pathar because of richness of flowering plant.

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Durgawadi Sacred grove

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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh returned to India after studying higher education from England. In 1932, Shri Shivaji Education Society was established in Amravati. The objective of this was to prevent the suffering of students of the poor farmers & labourers' homes. Gradually, the organization expanded and today 287 branches are in the field of education. The institute possessed 28 higher education colleges under the same administration. One of them is Dhanwate National College, Nagpur. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krida Mahotsava was started in 2000 due to irregularities in the University would be held in the inter-collegiate competition. Since last 20-year annual report of Dhanwate National College collected detailed information on the subject. How many college teams were involved in which year? In which year the new game was included? The chart was drawn up by compiling the number of prizes. The prize amount was increased continuously. The chart and graph clearly indicate the detailed analysis of the festival. The facts came out of that time were in the first Krida Mahotsava in 2000. 7 competitions were organised in four sports categories and the participation was 77 teams from 40 colleges. Gradually, some games including. g, and participation increased. After a 20-year journey, the festival is taking 11 competitions in seven sports categories. These tournaments are held every year in the Month of September before the university competition. About 200 teams from 75 to 80 colleges are participating in the festival. This participation is certainly a success story for this Krida Mahotsava. It is a movement to successfully organize 11 events in seven sports categories, not one sport for 20 consecutive years without being broken into one college.

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Krida Mahotsava, Sports event, Tournaments, Players, Colleges, Organisation

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Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects either in insulin secretion or insulin action. Various pathogenic processes involved in the development of diabetes such as autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic ?-cells with consequent insulin deficiency that result in resistance to insulin action. Gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM) refers to any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. This review highlights that nutritional management and lifestyle interventions should be offer to women with a history of GDM along with pharmacological treatment.

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Hyperglycemia, Insulin, GDM, Lifestyle interventions

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A well-developed telecom sector is important for the growth of every country. The Telecom sector has been playing a vital role in the economic development of the country. Telecom sector plays crucial role in economic growth as well as development of various sector of an economy. In India telecom sector have shown tremendous growth after the liberalization. Many private company have entered in to the market which has created stiff competition in the market. All the telecom companies have to show superior performance to survive in the competitive market. In this paper an attempt is made to study the profitability analysis of public sector telecom companies in India. The objective is to study the profitability of public sector telecom companies i.e. BSNL and MTNL during the period 2012-2013 to 2016-2017. The study is based on the secondary data. The tools used are ratio analysis and anova test. This study examines the overall profitability and financial soundness of Indian public sector telecom companies. Analyzing the telecom companies overall profitability indices reveal that the performance of public sector telecom companies was very poor during the study period. The companies were having very limited growth with respect to the profitability which is mainly due to very high operating expenses and the huge competition in the sector. With the increasing competition in the telecom sector, profitability has become a greatest challenge to Indian public telecom companies. Both the public sector telecom companies should explore every possibility for improvement and increase the profitability to survive in the competitive market.

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 Keywords

Public Sector, Telecom sector, Profitability, Ratio, Z Score analysis.

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 Abstract

Apostle Paul was a man with a distinct purpose, to see the Gospel of Jesus Christ carried to the whole world (Rom. 10:14-15). He acknowledged his commission straight from God (Acts 9:15) and did not require to have an order from the apostles in Jerusalem around what he was to impart (Gal. 1:15-17). When he expresses his deeper spiritual proficiencies, he penned as if he were reciting that of another (2 Cor. 12:1-10). Even then, he did so with the aim of exhorting others to be humble. It would take a vigilant student of Paul�s life several volumes of books to express all of the missional leadership principles that can be gleaned from his life and ministry. He delivered a living example of a man so dedicated to Christ that he was prepared to lay down his own life if it destined others would have the chance to respond to the magnificent Gospel of Christ. His motivation was to gratify Christ, and he considered beyond his individual life to train up the leaders that would be visible after his exit. He sought all men and women of belief in Christ to gaze toward the confidence we have in Jesus. His protection and peace in his life was not voiced by the world but derived through his companionship with Christ. Church leaders would be wise to continue to study and apply the principles of Christlikeness, loving relationship, prayerfulness, humility, persuading others, boldness, gentleness, uncompromising, faithfulness, assertiveness, shared leadership, integrity, servanthood, and spirituality that Paul lived out in his faith.

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Christlikeness, loving relationship, prayerfulness, humility, persuading others, boldness, gentleness, uncompromising, faithfulness, assertiveness, shared leadership, integrity, servanthood, and spirituality

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 Abstract

Rising incident on road in monsoon season increase in India. The purpose of this study is to find the actual place where this scenario occur frequently. Using a cross-sectional analysed the incident of rain water collection on lower surface of road. The use of barrier control and GSM module was found to play great role in solving the problem. Also employing an underground water discharge channel to control over water. This study definitely answers the question regarding road incident alert to public on tim

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GSM module, Arduino, water level sensor, servo motor.

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The aim this project is to monitoring farm by using IOT. Emergence of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) ranging from computer-controlled water irrigation system to lightning and ventilation has changed the conventional scenario of farming. This project proposes and demonstrates an economical and easy to use Arduino based controlled irrigation system. The designed system deals with various environmental factors such as moisture, temperature and amount of water required by the crops using sensors like water flow sensor, temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor. Data are collected and received by Arduino which can be linked to an interactive website which show the real time values along with the standard values of different factor required by a crop. This allows user to control irrigation pumps from far distance through a website and to meet the standard values which would help the farmer to yield maximum and quality crops. In India, farming is done by traditional method, farmer�s plant crops traditionally without knowing the content of soil and quality of that soil. As a result farmers will not gain sufficient profit from there farming. Due to human intervention there are chances of human errors so farmers may receive incorrect report. So there is need of automated process for soil testing and crop prediction

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soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor, humidity, WSN.

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The world cities generated 2.01 billion tonnes of solid waste, where 0.74 Kilograms of solid waste is generated by a person per day. In India, nearly 26 thousandtonnes of plastic waste is being produced per day. The availability of plastic waste is huge, where it leads to various hazards like land pollution, ground water pollution etc.,and the aim of this project is to replace cement and fine aggregatematerial with plastic waste and granite sludge material.Granite sludge is a byproduct generated from the granite polishing industry. Plastic waste like LPDE (Low Density Polyethylene) is used to act as a binding material, where this type of plastic cannot be recyclable but it can be reusable to make a new building material. This study demonstrates wastes like plastic and granite sludge are used for manufacturing the plasto granite block. The plasto granite blocks are casted at different mix design are tested by the tests like compressive strength test, water absorption test.It helps todispose the plastic in a productive way.

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LPDE (Low Density Polyethylene), granite sludge

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Currently, the balloting system during the world is carried out the usage of Electronic Voting Machines. Though this machine is extensively followed, there are many drawbacks to the system. People have to journey to their assigned ballot sales space stations, wait in long queues to forged their vote, face pointless issues, and so on. It turns into challenging for working occupation human beings or elderly/ ill humans to solid their vote due to this system. This calls for a exchange in device which can be executed if balloting procedures in performed online. Few developed international locations are making an attempt to put in force on-line balloting device on a small scale and have been profitable in doing so. We endorse a gadget that overcomes obstacles of present online gadgets which makes use of bio-metric applied sciences and as an alternative use One Time Password device which is greater tightly closed and accurate.

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Face detection, OTP ,bio metric, time-synchronized

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Tasar silkworm is a subtropical, polyphagus and sercigenous insect generally known for their valuable product known as silk. The insect is wild in nature and cannot be domesticated completely. Therefore the insect is directly exposed to the external environment and under the continuous threat of microbial infections. The different life stages of the silk insect are infected by no of pathogens including bacteria. The bacterial diseases cause significant loss in cocoon crop and thus hamper the silk economy. In the present study the local Daba TV ecorace were used for the isolation of bacterial pathogens and their subsequent study to identify them along with their potential to impart death in 4th and 5th larval instars. A total of seven bacterial isolates were purified from Anal Lip (AL) and Rectal Protution (RP) showing infected instars. Upon identification, five different bacterial genus were verified using online verification tool, Microrao. The severity of the different bacterial isolates was found different, Salmonella spp. & Shigella spp. with % Death average (45.0) and (40.0)were identified as most severe, while E. coli cause moderate(30.0) and Enterobacter and Enterococcus were found to have least pathogenicity (20.0) for 4th and 5th larval instars.

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 Keywords

Tasar, microbial infection, anal lip, rectal protrusion, pathogenicity, instars

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition