Volume 14 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) water-treatment plants manage chemical dosing, pH and chlorine levels, and pumping operations, but increasing connectivity has exposed them to cyber risks such as unauthorized access, insider tampering, falsified sensor data, and malicious PLC commands. These attacks can silently alter treatment parameters and disrupt operations while appearing normal. Traditional SCADA security methods based on thresholds and signatures often miss slow, evolving attacks and still expose raw operational data, creating both security and privacy risks. This project proposes an intrusion detection framework that leverages a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) autoencoder to learn normal operating patterns across SCADA signals that are commonly targeted by Cyber-Physical Process Manipulation Attacks, including chemical dosing, pH and chlorine behavior, pump and tank dynamics, network activity, user interactions, and PLC control operations. The system learns normal plant behavior over time and automatically detects unusual changes that may indicate an attack, without needing predefined attack rules. Believable sensor readings and PLC responses are generated so that malicious commands only affect the virtual system, while the actual plant remains fully protected. This detection-then-protection strategy ensures service continuity, prevents physical damage, enables attacker behavior analysis, and significantly reduces operational risk in modern water-treatment facilities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS),SCADA Security,Water Treatment Plant Monitoring,Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS),Anomaly Detection, Deception Technology ,Honeypots,Industrial Control Systems (ICS),Network Security,Critical Infrastructure Protection,Machine Learning in Cybersecurity, Attack Mitigation Strategies,Real-Time Monitoring,Threat Intelligence

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents an adaptive neuro-symbolic multi-agent medical intelligence architecture designed to enable trustworthy clinical reasoning under dynamically evolving patient conditions. The proposed framework integrates temporal clinical drift simulation, adversarial diagnostic validation, retrieval-grounded medical reasoning, and uncertainty-aware escalation mechanisms into a unified, clinically coherent pipeline. Unlike conventional static medical chatbots, the system continuously adapts its diagnostic reasoning as patient symptoms evolve over time. Multiple autonomous agents collaboratively generate, critique, and validate diagnoses using evidence retrieved from trusted medical knowledge repositories. Comprehensive experimental evaluation demonstrates marked improvements across diagnostic explainability, hallucination suppression, emergency risk detection, and adversarial robustness. The proposed architecture establishes a robust foundation for clinically adaptive, explainable, and safety-conscious healthcare AI ecosystems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Generative AI; Neuro-Symbolic AI; Multi-Agent Medical Reasoning; Clinical Intelligence Systems; Temporal Disease Simulation; Explainable Healthcare AI; Adversarial Diagnostic Validation; Retrieval-Augmented Generation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

War is considered as an extreme form of socio-economic, political religious and national conflicts between states or geographical boundaries. The reasons for the war is vary from one situation to other but it has many consequences on social, political, economic and ecological life of people. Throughout the history of mankind war has been considered as very common phenomenon of the society. War may take place because of two reasons one is economic another one non-economic. Later on 1970's the entire globe is commonly accepted concept of sustainable development which regarded as "meeting the needs of present generation without compromising needs of the future generation. In order to achieve sustainable development many countries have adopted many strategies and policies of their own. In India we adopted the concept of sustainable development policy in the 1987 and we have many policies and strategies to achieve this concept. But still so many external factors like climate change, environmental pollution, wars will definitely have the deep impact on the overall development of the country. In this article let us discuss the present sustainable development strategy in India and also impact of war.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

sustainable development, war impact, strategy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The impact of social media on children and students is a growing concern, with research highlighting negative effects on academic performance, mental health, and well-being, including cyberbullying, exposure to inappropriate content, and addiction (B?la?-Baconschi & Purice, 2023), (D'Lima & Higgins, 2021, pp. 320-338), (Moreno, 2016), (Young & Oza, 2021, pp. 373-379), (Astorri et al., 2022). While general-purpose platforms offer social connection, they often present distractions detrimental to academic success (Dacka, 2023). This research paper introduces CampusConnect, a specialized social media application designed to support students' academic and career needs while mitigating the risks associated with traditional social media. CampusConnect fosters a focused environment for academic collaboration and knowledge sharing, offering features such as group project tools, resource sharing, event scheduling, secure messaging, and job/internship postings. Developed using Python and PHP with a Flask backend and MySQL database, the platform incorporates an iterative development process, including requirement gathering, design, development, testing, and deployment. Initial findings from implementation and user feedback indicate improved academic focus, increased collaboration, and enhanced career development opportunities. The paper analyzes CampusConnect's effectiveness in mitigating the negative impacts of general social media platforms, while suggesting future enhancements such as live video integration, personalized learning features, and gamification to further optimize student engagement and academic outcomes. The study contributes to the ongoing discussion on responsible technology use and the creation of supportive digital learning environments for students (Bopp & Stellefson, 2020), (Dacka, 2023).

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The Impact of Social Media on Children: Challenges and Solutions Through a Specialized Application

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) serves as a fundamental element which determines how contemporary consumers interact with products and companies. This research study examines how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices affect consumer purchasing behavior within the Indian e-commerce industry and the cosmetics industry. The researchers conducted quantitative research by collecting data from 101 participants who completed a standardized questionnaire. The research demonstrates that CSR transparency together with active participation by companies leads to higher levels of consumer trust and brand loyalty which results in increased purchase behavior. Consumers display an attitude-behavior gap because they value ethical and sustainable practices but refuse to spend extra money on those practices. Financial challenges stop people from making ethical purchases although their understanding of CSR raises with their age and education and income levels. The research discovers that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) improves brand reputation and customer trust but its effect on actual purchasing behavior depends on companies demonstrating authentic information together with full disclosure.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Consumer Behaviour, Brand Loyalty, Transparency, Ethical Practices, Purchase Intention, Attitude-Behaviour Gap, E-commerce, Cosmetics Industry, India.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Tourism has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors contributing significantly to regional economic development, particularly in hill regions. The district of Almora in Uttarakhand is widely known for its scenic beauty, cultural heritage and religious significance, attracting a large number of domestic and international tourists every year. The present study examines the economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts of tourism on the local community in Almora district. The study is based on primary data collected from 200 host community members across five major tourist destinations Almora, Ranikhet, Dwarahat, Shetlakhet and Manila using structured questionnaires, field observations and interviews. The findings reveal that tourism has generated employment opportunities, improved infrastructure and increased income levels, thereby enhancing the standard of living of local residents. However, tourism development has also resulted in environmental challenges such as pollution, traffic congestion and pressure on natural resources. Furthermore, socio-cultural changes, including shifts in traditional lifestyles and cultural practices, have been observed. The study highlights the need for sustainable tourism planning to balance economic benefits with environmental conservation and cultural preservation in the region.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Tourism, Economic Impact, Environmental Impact, Socio-Cultural Impact, Conservation, Almora District

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fatigue, distraction, and emotional instability are examples of human behavioral elements that continue to be a big global concern when it comes to road accidents. In order to provide real-time driver monitoring, this study suggests a Human Behavior-Based Driver Safety System (HB-DSS) that combines a Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) module with a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) model. Drowsiness (Eye Aspect Ratio and PERCLOS), distraction (mobile usage and gaze deviation), emotional state (stress and anger), head position variation, and yawning frequency are among the behavioral indications that the system concurrently examines. This method incorporates multimodal behavioral analysis to improve detection accuracy and reliability, in contrast to conventional systems that concentrate on single features.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Driver Safety, Deep Learning, CNN-LSTM, Emotion Recognition, Drowsiness Detection, Behavioral Analysis, IoT Alerts

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Waiting time dynamics are the key determinant of customer satisfaction of service systems. The presented research paper suggests and analyzes control charts (Six Sigma) to statistically measure the mean waiting time of the M/M/s multi-server queueing model. The suggested methodology combines the process capability ideas namely the capability index Cp with the traditional Statistical Process Control (SPC) tools to obtain tighter control limits than the traditional Shewhart 3? framework. A large comparison numerical experiment of fifteen configurations of arrival rates and three system parameterisations (differing ? and s) proves that the Six Sigma method always produces smaller control limit intervals (CLI), and hence, is more sensitive to detecting process variation. With the traffic conditions being 73 to 76 percent decrease of the CLI. Also, the influence of server capacity on the variability of waiting time is analysed systematically. The results are practical guidelines to the service system managers who want to implement real time statistical monitoring instruments based on the principles of Six Sigma.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Queueing theory; M/M/s model; Six Sigma; Statistical Process Control; Control charts; Waiting time; Process capability; Erlang-C; Service quality

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Digital Technological skills can change the behaviour of teachers and students towards education. We can use different type of technological skills to change education learning system and make better new communicated world. Digital technology is the study by creating and using available resources. Digital technology is the process of integrating technology into education in a positive manner. It promotes teachers and students to use technology in teaching learning process. Teachers need to develop the use of internet, digital literary information, use of social media, other apps and websites, citing useful sites. Teachers will have to use different presentation software, YouTube video and Blog information. Teachers will have to prepare about mobile technology, new technology and self- learning technology. Teachers will have to connect with E-mail networking, Free resources and citing sources, new apps and new educational websites, new teachers education and updated with new educational information. Digital devices like iPads and e-books offer lightweight and convenient alternatives to heavy notebooks and textbooks, increasing interest in research. This paper explores the necessity of digital technologies in education, highlighting their major applications and the challenges in education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Technology, Types of Technology in Teacher Education, Technology skills, Teacher Education,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper is about a web application that uses deep learning to detect and classify skin lesions. The application uses a kind of dataset called the HAM10000 dataset, which has a lot of pictures of skin lesions. The system uses something called transfer learning and a new way of combining parts of the system to get better results. The model is made up of two parts: one part is a -trained ResNet50 and the other part is a custom Convolutional Neural Network. These two parts work together to get an understanding of the skin lesions. The system is very good at classifying the skin lesions with a validation accuracy of 91.2% and an F1-score of 91.7%. The system is made to be used by dermatologists to help them diagnose skin lesions. It is a web application. It is easy to use and can be used in real-time. This work shows that deep learning can be very helpful in medical image analysis and it can be used to make a tool to help healthcare practitioners.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Skin Cancer Detection, Deep Learning, Transfer Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Medical Image Analysis, HAM10000 Dataset

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the current age of digitalization, organizing a travel plan becomes quite tedious and difficult owing to the huge amount of scattered information available in the online world. In this regard, AiTripplanner comes into existence as an automated and personalized AI-based web application to help users make the process of travel planning easy and convenient. It uses a robust full-stack architecture where AI technology plays a vital role in developing day-by-day itineraries according to the users' preferences including destination, cost, time, and interests. React and Tailwind CSS are used in the frontend development for better usability whereas Java with Spring Boot forms the backbone of the system's backend for scalable and safe data handling. With the help of cutting-edge AI technology, users can get optimized and recommended travel routes through AiTripplanner.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Travel Planning, Full-Stack Development, Java, Spring Boot, React JS, Personalized Itinerary, Web Application, Smart Tourism.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the 21st century, though development is at a great pace, still the minority class suffers discrimination globally. While in the 20th century, various international instruments such as the UN Declaration on the rights of minorities and the Framework Convention for the protection of national minorities (FCNM) were codified for the protection of minority rights. These conventions establish a baseline for the behavior with the minority class and non discrimination. But there remains an implementation gap, thus these conventions remain only on paper. This research paper recognizes the dual approach of minority rights- the right to identity and the right to existence. It also investigates the examination of the minimum standards doctrine, laid by international law. This research further highlights the judicial philosophy and suggests the implementation of formal legal parity measures and reformation of minimum standards as a static set of obligations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Minority rights, Minimum standards, Cultural integrity, Non- Discrimination, Equality

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Franz Kafka's novel "The Metamorphosis" presents an unexplainable transformation of the main character of the novel, Gregor Samsa into a "monstrous vermin." This paper conveys that Gregor's physical change is not a random occurrence but the ultimate expression of his pre-existing self-alienation rooted in oppressive familial and financial duties. Even before his physical transformation, Gregor's psyche had been eroded by a mechanical, soul-crushing routine, effectively reducing him to a mindless machine serving a system and a family that valued his labour over his humanity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Beyond the Bug: A Study of Psychological Setback and Self-Alienation in Franz Kafka's novel "The Metamorphosis."

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) represent a vital component of cultural heritage embedded in local communities and transmitted through generations via social practices and lived experiences. This study examines the continuity, preservation, and representation of IKS from a social science perspective. It explores the influence of socio-cultural transformations such as globalization, modernization, and environmental change on the sustainability of IKS, revealing that while these factors contribute to knowledge erosion, community resilience, adaptive practices, and the role of cultural custodians support its continuity. The study further assesses the availability of institutional policies for long-term preservation of IKS in selected repositories, highlighting the absence of comprehensive frameworks despite emerging efforts in digital curation, ethical governance, and community-centered approaches, alongside challenges such as financial constraints and linguistic loss. Additionally, it evaluates the representation of IKS within educational curricula, indicating gradual inclusion with increasing recognition of its cultural and social significance, although limitations persist due to lack of teacher preparedness, standardization issues, and loss of contextual depth. The study concludes that effective preservation and promotion of IKS require strong community participation, supportive policy frameworks, and pedagogical transformation to ensure its relevance for cultural identity and sustainable development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS), Knowledge Preservation, Value-Based Education, Cultural Heritage Education

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Domestic violence is a major public health and psychological concern that affects not only intimate partners but also children who witness or directly experience violence within the home. Exposure to domestic violence during childhood has profound consequences for emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social development. Children living in violent households frequently experience chronic stress, fear, insecurity, and trauma, which may contribute to long-term psychopathology. This paper reviews the psychological effects of domestic violence on children, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attachment disturbances, behavioral problems, academic difficulties, and intergenerational patterns of violence. It also discusses developmental differences in response to violence exposure and highlights the importance of early intervention, school-based support, and trauma-informed therapeutic approaches.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Domestic violence,Children,Psychological Effects,Anxiety,Trauma,Attachment

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Visually impaired people often find it difficult to read everyday printed materials like books, newspapers, or documents. To address this problem, we built a simple and affordable automatic reading system using a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, a 5MP camera, basic speakers with a 3.5 mm jack, and a standard 5V power supply. The entire setup is compact and easy to carry, making it practical for daily use.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Raspberry Pi 3, Smart Reader, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Text-to-Speech (TTS), Assistive Technology, Pi Camera, USB Speakers, Image Processing, Visually Impaired.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Road transportation in hilly regions poses significant safety challenges due to steep gradients, sharp curves, and varying road conditions. Conventional braking systems rely heavily on driver response, which may be insufficient in critical situations, leading to accidents such as vehicle rollback or loss of control during descent. This paper presents a Safety Auto Brake System (SABS) based on a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) sensor for real-time slope detection and automatic braking control. The MEMS sensor, acting as an accelerometer, continuously measures tilt and acceleration along multiple axes and transmits data to a microcontroller for processing. Based on predefined threshold values, the system automatically activates the braking mechanism under unsafe conditions. The proposed system effectively prevents rollback during uphill starts and controls vehicle speed during downhill motion, thereby enhancing stability and safety. The integration of MEMS technology offers advantages such as high sensitivity, fast response, compact size, and low power consumption. Additionally, the system reduces driver workload and can be implemented using cost-effective components, making it suitable for both new vehicles and retrofitting applications. Experimental analysis indicates that the proposed system significantly improves vehicle control and reduces accident risks in hilly terrain. Future work may include integration with advanced driver assistance systems and adaptive control techniques for improved performance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Safety Auto Brake System on Hill Station by Using MEMS Sensor

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The convergence of DevOps practices and cybersecurity imperatives has given rise to the DevSecOps paradigm, demanding security processes that are as agile and automated as the pipelines they protect. Conventional security assessment methodologies -- manual penetration testing, rule-based static analysis, and fragmented dynamic scanning -- are unable to keep pace with the velocity, scale, and complexity of modern software delivery. This paper proposes and evaluates AI-ASAP (AI-driven Automated Security Assessment Pipeline), a comprehensive framework that embeds artificial intelligence at every stage of the security assessment lifecycle within CI/CD workflows. AI-ASAP integrates static application security testing (SAST) enhanced by natural language processing (NLP), reinforcement-learning-based dynamic fuzzing, graph neural network (GNN) dependency risk analysis, large language model (LLM) powered remediation generation, and continuous threat intelligence correlation. Evaluation across simulated enterprise environments demonstrates a 94.3% vulnerability detection rate, a 6.7% false positive rate, and a reduction in mean assessment time from days to under 45 minutes, with automated pull-request remediation capabilities. The proposed framework represents a significant advancement toward autonomous, continuous, and intelligent security assessment in modern software engineering.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

DevSecOps, AI Security, SAST, DAST, CI/CD Pipeline, Vulnerability Assessment, LLM Remediation, Reinforcement Learning, Graph Neural Networks, Threat Intelligence.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

MiDAS is a cost-effective and scalable automation platform developed to enhance the operational efficiency of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs). Many SMEs still rely on manual methods for monitoring machine performance, which often leads to delayed maintenance, unexpected equipment failures, and suboptimal production efficiency. Although conventional industrial automation solutions such as PLC and SCADA systems provide robust capabilities, their high cost and implementation complexity make them less accessible to smaller industries. To address this gap, MiDAS integrates affordable Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with practical industrial monitoring needs. The system utilizes low-cost hardware components, including ESP32 microcontrollers, sensors, and a Raspberry Pi functioning as a local server. It captures real-time machine parameters such as punch count, vibration, and energy consumption, and transmits the data wirelessly using the MQTT protocol. The collected data is processed using analytical techniques such as aggregation, threshold-based anomaly detection, moving averages, and linear regression to generate predictive maintenance insights. A web-based dashboard, developed using React, provides real-time visualization of machine status, health metrics, and predictive alerts. By enabling continuous monitoring, early fault detection, and data-driven decision-making at a significantly lower cost than traditional systems, MiDAS empowers SMEs to reduce downtime, improve productivity, and adopt Industry 4.0 practices effectively.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Predictive maintenance, IIoT, ESP32, Raspberry Pi 4, proximity sensor, edge computing, real time monitoring, machine health, production output, maintenance notifications, industrial automation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper examines Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) and Octavia Butler's Dawn (1987) as science-fictional thought experiments that interrogate the ethical, social, and ecological consequences of scientific intervention in life. Drawing on the interdisciplinary framework of Science, Technology, and Society (STS), along with concepts from bioethics and ecofeminism, the study explores how both texts critique scientific rationality when it operates without ethical responsibility. Shelley's Frankenstein, often regarded as the foundational work of modern science fiction, exposes the dangers of unchecked ambition and irresponsible experimentation, anticipating contemporary debates on cloning, artificial life, and bioengineering. Butler's Dawn, situated in a post-apocalyptic and posthuman context, extends this critique by examining genetic manipulation, hybridity, colonisation, and ecological symbiosis. While Shelley foregrounds individual responsibility and the moral limits of scientific inquiry, Butler complicates ethical judgment by framing survival as contingent upon compromise, interdependence, and the redefinition of the human. Together, these texts demonstrate how science fiction functions as a critical and pedagogical space for reflecting on ethical science, environmental sustainability, and the future of human and non-human life in an age of technological acceleration and ecological crisis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Science fiction; thought experiment; STS; bioethics; ecofeminism; hybridity; Anthropocene; posthumanism

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition