Volume 7 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Labyrinth seals are used to perform sealing around the rotating Parts of various mechanical machineries. Its work is to minimize escape of fluid essentially gases from high pressure area to low pressure area this is process by building of series of labyrinth teeth which are arranged to provide a close clearance gap between the stator and rotor components of the machine, this may cause a pressure drop occurs across each gap. The main aim of this study is to discuss the Optimization of Circular-Grooved Square Cavity Labyrinth Seal and CFD Analysis Based on ANN Modelling. The methodology for developing two semi-theoretical-semi-experimental formulae and linking them with the ANN technique for obtaining the optimal CSLS is described in this paper. It is concluded that the CFD analyses of the optimal seals confirmed the improvements caused by the cavity shape and captured performance parameter trends. The Pr values of 1.6 are found in the best circular-grooved square and triangular cavity labyrinth seals.

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CFD, labyrinth seal, CSLS, ANN modelling, etc.

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ABSTRACT A lung cavity is an air containing space surrounded by a wall of variable thickness{1} Cavitary lung lesions are commonly encountered on imaging,while the cause of pulmonary cavities can be varied depending on its etiology like infection,which may be bacterial or viral{2} .Similarly fungal infection like Aspergillus,Mucor or Candida sp is commonly seen in immunocompromised persons like HIV patients, alcoholics or elderly persons with poor oral hygiene or may be in patients with seizure disorders{3}.Presentation is usually with cough fever malaise.Endemic fungi like Histoplasma or blastomyces and coccidomyces may be causative agents of pulmonary cavities in immunocompetent hosts{4-5} There could be mixed causative factors in immunocompromised patients{6-7} Here we report an interesting case of multiple pulmonary cavities that posed a diagnostic challenge due to its clinical presentation and final treatment outcome.

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Pulmonary cavity, Atypical Pneumonia ,Community Aquired Pneumonia

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The Kerala State Cooperative Bank (KSCB) has played a pivotal role in the financial landscape of Kerala, contributing significantly to economic development and financial inclusion. This study conducts a comprehensive performance analysis of KSCB over the decade from 2007-08 to 2017-18, utilizing secondary data from NAFSCOB and other reputable sources. The analysis focuses on key financial indicators, including paid-up share capital, total reserve funds, total deposits, total loans, and working capital, alongside important financial ratios such as the deposit to loan ratio, capital adequacy ratio, and loan to asset ratio. Key findings indicate a substantial growth in paid-up share capital with a CAGR of 40.61%, reflecting significant capital strengthening efforts. While total reserve funds experienced a negative CAGR of -2.72% with notable volatility, total deposits grew steadily at a CAGR of 5.64%, demonstrating increased public trust and effective deposit mobilization. Total loans showed moderate growth with a CAGR of 3.05%, aligning with KSCB's cautious lending strategy, and working capital exhibited a robust CAGR of 9.85%, indicating improved liquidity and operational capacity. The ratio analysis highlights strategic shifts between conservative and aggressive lending approaches, efforts to bolster financial strength, and adjustments in risk exposure. The findings underscore KSCB's adaptability and resilience, providing critical insights for policymakers, bank management, and stakeholders to guide future strategies for sustainable growth and financial stability.

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 Keywords

Kerala State Cooperative Bank (KSCB), Financial Indicators, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth, Ratio Analysis, Cooperative Banking

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Feminism tends to be thought of as a movement of women, and many feminists absolutely reject the idea of allowing men into it. However, men can be as strongly opposed to the injustices from which women suffer as women can. Feminism is not concerned with a group of people it wants to benefit, but with a type of injustice it wants to eliminate. It is not just movement in favour of women, but also a movement against injustice. The people touched upon many issues of slavery. Their works discuss the troubles experienced within slavery--jealous mistresses, sexual exploitation, intelligence as a blessing or curse, community, and motherhood - as well as those that extended past the abolition--continued servitude, the pains and rewards of remembering, and the search for self-worth--and even the issues faced and decisions made by black women in the process of writing and publication.

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Feminism, Patriarchy, Marxist Feminism, Radical Feminism, Socialist Feminism.

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River bank erosion is one of the major and unpredictable hazards worldwide. It has long-term consequences on human life and river ecology. It has many faces, like flood, land slide, soil erosion which directly or indirectly effects on the environment of river basin area. Many cases are recorded in hill and semi-hill, even plain region also, where riverbank erosion creates various environmental problems like destruction of forest due to land slide and erosion, loss of land and degrade of water quality etc. Bank erosion is a very silent killer of basin environment.

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River Bank, Environmental Degradation, , Loss of land, Bank Erosion, Soil Erosion,.

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The history of the Open & Distance Learning (ODL) education system in our country is now three decades old. In the phase of rapidly transformation in higher education in our country these universities have the common mandate to reach the disadvantaged group of the people in our society in terms of access and equity for higher education, particularly the distance and remote areas of the country. Two main factors have led to an explosion of interest in distance learning: the growing need for continual skills upgrading and retraining; and the technological advances that have made it possible to teach more and more subjects at a distance. As a force contributing to social and economic development, ODL is fast becoming an accepted and indispensable part of the mainstream of educational systems in both developed and developing countries, with particular emphasis for the latter.

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Student Support Services (SSSs) in Open and Distance Learning Institutions of Assam

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The gap between the needs of the industry and aspirations of the academic community is very large and it is widely held that knowledge, skills, and resourcefulness of people are critical to sustain economic development and social activity in a knowledge-driven society. Given the current high-paced growth and dynamic investment climate in India, the demand for knowledge workers with high levels of technical and soft skills is increasing day by day. Institutions of the 21 century resemble a corporate organization. Universities are miniature industries generating human resources. Human resources with positive attitude towards life and work and germane skills for advanced knowledge economy are becoming important in today's high momentum, globalised society. Life skills, also termed as psycho- social skills, empower individuals to flourish and prosper in the competitive world and adapt to the environment in which they live ir. It is important that we need to mobilize skills such as personal management and people management which help us to steer our life towards more positive behavior and well-being. This paper is designed to throw light on various aspects of Life Skills Training, which is an emerging concept in the higher education sector.

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Life Skills, People management, Adaptive and positive behavior, Participatory learning

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Literacy is growing fast in all the regions of the world. In India too more children are now getting education than before. But it is important to ask whether all the regions and states of India are growing equally or is there a variation, whether children are getting the minimum facilities in school, and all the regions and states of India are equally providing educational facilities to their children. This paper aims to analyze the status of primary education in India's North East. The analysis is carried out on the basis of some parameters associated with primary education, and it indicates the existence of intra-regional disparities in development of primary education.

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Primary education, Educational facilities, Northeast States

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This study aims to evaluate the training management policies and practices at Dilla University. To achieve this goal, a cross-sectional case study was conducted, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to ensure a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the subject. Multi-step sampling techniques were employed, beginning with the stratification of the target population, followed by simple random sampling within each stratum. Additionally, judgmental sampling was applied for key informant interviews. A combination of primary and secondary sources was utilized to address the research questions, depending on the nature of the information sought. Comprehensive research instruments, including structured questionnaires and interviews, were developed and employed to collect data for analysis. The study's findings, presented through descriptive analysis, highlighted several key insights. The training management policy, an integral component of the university's human resource department, is designed to enhance employee quality and capability while ensuring the delivery of efficient and dependable services. Furthermore, the university's training practices have demonstrated adaptability to changes in the workplace, effectively enhancing the skills and knowledge of employees. However, in terms of employee selection for training, the study found that performance appraisal and seniority in service years are the most commonly practiced criteria. Notably, the study revealed deficiencies in training needs analysis. This issue stems from barriers such as the absence of a clear training policy and challenges in precisely identifying the required skills, knowledge, and personal attitudes. This assessment sheds light on the strengths and shortcomings of training management policies and practices at Dilla University, offering valuable insights for potential improvements and future development in this critical area.

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Training Management, Dilla University, Assessment, Training Policies, Employee Development

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The architectural education landscape in India stands at a crossroads, witnessing transformation in the wake of the National Education Policy (NEP) of 2020. This policy emphasizes holistic and multidisciplinary learning, demanding a reevaluation of architectural pedagogy. Architects today engage with diverse facets of society, technology, and culture, necessitating a departure from traditional silos. This research paper reviews the key provisions of NEP 2020, their impact on architectural education, and international best practices. It concludes with recommendations for reimagining architectural education in India within the context of NEP 2020, aimed at fostering adaptability, relevance, and quality.

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Architectural Education, NEP 2020, Holistic Learning, Multidisciplinary Pedagogy, Reimagining Education

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This research paper explores the evolving landscape of responsible building envelopes and their crucial role in sustainable construction. While traditional building envelope design has primarily focused on optimizing energy efficiency, this paper argues that it is essential to transition beyond a narrow focus on energy consumption. Addressing broader sustainability challenges, including resource utilization, environmental impacts, and occupant well-being, necessitates embracing responsible building envelopes. Responsible building envelopes encompass considerations that extend beyond energy efficiency, such as material choices, life cycle analysis, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Drawing insights from the literature on energy transitions and sustainability principles, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on responsible building envelopes and their significance in the transition toward sustainable construction practices.

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Building Envelopes, Sustainability, Energy Efficiency, Responsible Design, Material Choices, Renewable Energy, Transition.

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The construction industry is an intricate web of operations, where the convergence of architectural design, spatial planning, and the logistics of construction projects are vital. In this paper, we examine the often underestimated yet essential element within construction sites - food. We investigate the interplay of food, space, and architecture and analyze their profound implications on the health and safety of construction workers. Moreover, we explore how this nexus significantly influences project costs, underlining the potential cost savings that stem from improved health and safety measures. The research ultimately underscores the critical importance of recognizing the intricate relationship between food, spatial design, architecture, and the broader construction context.

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Construction, Health and Safety, Architecture, Food, Cost Implications, Spatial Design, Workers.

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Air pollution is the result of multiple human activities and natural calamities. Over the years, a number of natural activities such as volcanoes, forest fires, lightning possibly release various pollutants in the environment but the atmosphere has not been so much affected as is now being done by anthropogenic activities. Air pollution is determined by the introduction of harmful substances including particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), Gases (e.g. carbon monoxide (CO), dioxides of Nitrogen (NOx), ground level ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) , organic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH]), and metals in higher concentration pass through the environment. Air pollution is the main cause for the Cardio-vascular dysfunctions, respiratory and neurological disorders among human, while it impacts wildlife and plant too. More, it is also responsible for climate change as it causes global warming, ozone layer depletion and acid rain etc. This paper discusses about the air pollution and its impact on environment and human health.

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pollutants; environment; acid rain; global warming; neurological disorder

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Currently, India has the second-largest senior population in the world, and it is expected that this population will continue to grow by the year 2050. However, India lacks the necessary knowledge and resources to maintain the health and wellbeing of the elderly population, so it is necessary to study the issues that senior citizens face on a daily basis. The present study aims to find out the adjustment problems of senior citizens. Sample consisted of 80 aged subjects. Out of them 40 male and 40 female participants. Age ranges of the aged sample from 60-65 years. Shamshad -Jasbir Old age Adjustment Inventory was administered to collect the data. Result revealed that there is significant difference in overall adjustment of aged male and female respondents. Male have better adjustment than females. Also, there is significant difference in health, home, social, marital, emotional, and financial adjustment of the respondents.

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Adjustment, Senior citizens

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A sixth of India's population, but not its land, is made up of them. They control, at most, a meager fraction of a sixth of Indians' territory. In fact, most governments in this nation are unable to give even the most rudimentary information about the lands that dalits hold or have received as distributions. Nobody disputes the fact that they are largely landless and that, when they do own land, it is marginal and sometimes of poor quality. Second, there is a distinct caste geography in Indian irrigation. Upper castes cultivate near the tail waters, followed by intermediate castes in the center, and dalits in the middle.

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Population, Agricultural laborers, marginal caste, demographics

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United Nation Organization was established on 24 October 1945 in San Francisco conference1 and since than an important part of world politics. Its primary concern was to remove war and maintain peace and security. Since its inceptions there were five permanent members enjoying veto power and this veto power where as India is advocating structural reform of UN, to make it more democratic and more representative of all the regions. In many respect India deserves permanent seat in the in the restructured U.N security council. Any reforms to this effect need amendment of the Charter as per Article 108 of the Charter. So realizing this Ban Ki-moon, the former Secretary General of UNO remarked that "The U.N Security Council reform, being debated since two decades is too long overdue and the necessary expansion must be made considering how much the world has changed."

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Reforms, Veto Power, Big power, P-5, Permanent seat, U.N. Security Council, Restructured, Democratization, Proper Representation

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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is regarded as a "Silver Bullet" for eliminating rural unemployment and stimulating the demand for labor-force in Indian villages. It is a flagship program of the GOI that aims to achieve inclusive growth while directly affecting the lives of rural impoverished people. The program aims to strengthen the livelihood security of families living in rural areas and to offer at least 100 days of guaranteed paid employment to each family whose adult members are willing to perform manual labour. In August 2005, the GOI presented the Act. This significant piece of law reinforces India's status as a welfare state. There is now no alternative to this scheme in India, which has improved the standard of living of the rural dwellers in such a remarkable way. With this backdrop in mind, the study aims to investigate how this program has been able to lessen the unemployment issue in the Pranganj Gram Panchayat of the South 24 Parganas district and how it instilled hope by providing livelihood security to villagers during the epidemic.

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GOI, MGNREGA, Flagship scheme, Employment, Unskilled labour

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The Scheduled Tribes have been specified, as per Article 342 of the Constitution, in all States and Union Territories except Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Pondicherry and Punjab. About 80 per cent of tribal population are to be found along the Central belt, starting from Gujarat - Maharashtra, running through Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand and West Bengal. The Constitution of India contains exhaustive provisions for protecting and promoting the interests of the scheduled tribes. These mandatory safeguards are relevant in the context of implementation of Tribal Sub-Plan and the Provisions of Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996 (PESA) provisions for streamlining the administrative apparatus, providing legal support and implementing developmental programmes. India is one of the emerging economies. A large number of development projects have been launched in India for the past six decades. It has gained momentum since the independence. Dam projects, Industrial projects, Mining Projects, Thermal Power Projects, and Urban Infrastructure Projects are some of the prime examples. India's development policies and strategies have often focused upon indispensability of irrigation as important input for agriculture.

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Displacement, Schedule Tribes, Issues and Challenges, Legal Solution

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The Kole wetland, one of the largest, highly productive and one of the rice granaries of Kerala, has been declared in Ramsar convention for protection. Ponnani Kole, the study area, is situated in south-west of Malappuram and north-west of Thrissur districts, is the northern most extension of the Vembanad Kole Ramsar site. However, to the best of our knowledge, no solemn attempts were made to study the ecological impacts of these Kole wetlands especially emphasising biodiversity, physico chemical characters and human dependence. The present study is based on field survey and laboratory analysis of selected species. The study reveals the significant variation in stress physiology among plants grown in the area of high ecosystem diversity. It is also noticed, a massive destruction of the vegetation in the Koleland are very high due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Soil erosion also very high in Koleland and this leads to declination of vegetation as well. Study elucidated the physiological changes and related tolerance mechanism that occur in three plants according to the ecological variations during different seasons.

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Ecophysiology, Macrophytes, Kolelands, Antioxidant, Metabolites

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 Abstract

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Princely State, Contribution, Culture, Preserving, Queen Mother

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