Volume 11 | Issue 4

 Abstract

The Internet is an indispensable part of our lives. Many of us access the internet on a daily basis which clearly shows the huge potential of this global system of interconnected networks and how people around the world are easily addicted to it. E-business and E- commerce being the new normal, the exchanges of e-mails have accelerated since the 2020 pandemic. E-mails form a crucial part of every commercial, social, and academic system throughout the world. During this process every time internet leaves a carbon footprint. Carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions. The major contributors to carbon footprints are food, consumption, transportation, and household energy. The newly added category is digital carbon footprint wherein the time spent scrolling, browsing and sending emails can leave Carbon trails behind. A digital survey response was recorded from college students from various backgrounds. College students form the main area of study because youths are the majority victims under this category which is mainly dominated by students and teenagers. The research focuses on an average digital carbon footprint generated by college students via E-mails stored, received, and sent by them in a day. The data collected revealed the lack of awareness related to digital carbon footprint and yield figures to reach a conclusion. The study highlights the adverse effects of storing E-mails on the environment and discusses the remedies to cut off the digital carbon footprint generated by E-mail.

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carbon footprint, climate change

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Chemical Vapour deposition (CVD) is most utilized method to synthesize Multiwall Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNTs) because of simple, economical, easy to control experiment condition, controllable diameters and better yield compare to others methods. Plant-based precursors i.e., Olive oil was used as source of carbon to obtained MWCNTs over Ni-Co catalyst in inert atmosphere of Argon gas. The effect of synthesis parameters on yield and morphology of MWCNTs were evaluated using Taguchi optimization method. Acid treated MWCNTs were characterized using FT-IR, FEG-SEM, EDS, TEM. The average diameter and length of MWCNTs are 48 nm and 736 nm, respectively. The obtained electrical conductivity was 0.477 S/cm using Four-Probe Method.

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Chemical Vapour deposition (CVD) is most utilized method to synthesize Multiwall Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNTs) because of simple, economical, easy to control experiment condition, controllable diameters and better yield compare to others methods. Plant-based precursors i.e., Olive oil was used as source of carbon to obtained MWCNTs over Ni-Co catalyst in inert atmosphere of Argon gas. The effect of synthesis parameters on yield and morphology of MWCNTs were evaluated using Taguchi optimization meth

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"Studies on inner transition metal complexes with (N''-[(1E)-2-imino-1, 2-diphenylethylidene]thiocarbohydrazide"

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?-Benzilmonoxime, Thiocarbahydrazide, La(III), Nd(III), and Pr(III)

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Mobile e-business benefit to sustainable business in several ways, and environmentally-friendly industry can actually attract more. In 2020, there were millions of online buyers in India alone -- this number is supposed to increase by nearly several million by 2024. Some shop online for convenience while others shop online for better insight into environmentally-friendly items/organizations. According to the global survey found that 73% of consumers would change their shopping habits. There is a perception that Mobile e-business is a sustainable practice and the information below is meant to provide insight into the impacts of e-business on the environment. When it comes to factors such as the supply chain, creating more environmentally-friendly practices may reduce operational costs as well as helping the environment. Online shopping you can reduce both the cost and environmental impact of packaging by consolidating orders into fewer packages and using logistical data to optimize the shipping process. In this paper we summarized the, mobile e-business can squeeze sustainable practices by choosing for environmentally-friendly business.

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Influence of mobile e-business on the environment

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Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were significant because of their Photocatalytic activity. In this study, zinc ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by a green method using Tagetes erecta flower (Marigold yellow) extract were studied. The synthesized ZnFe2O4 samples were characterized by XRD and UV-Visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 7.11 nm. The ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles showed effective photodegradation for Methylene blue under visible light irradiation.

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ZnFe2O4, XRD, Methylene blue, UV-Visible

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There is widespread problem in many developing and developed countries in the world regarding disposal of raw material. In our countryalso there is a major problem in both urban and rural areas of regarding with disposal of these materials. Now a day solid waste management issue is the largest problem in small as well as large cities in India. Because of that I have selected this research topic in order to give a satisfactory solution regarding with the disposal of solid waste management. The solution should be economically, socially, technically acceptable and eco-friendly. In municipal corporation cities there is dumping of large amount of solid waste around the cities, which creates large problems to peoples. It is observed that in big cities municipal solid waste (MSW) gives a major contribution to the total amount of solid waste.

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Solid waste management, municipal solid waste (MSW), Socially acceptable, eco-friendly.

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Multifunctional collagenic proteins (MCPs), one of the most frequently generated hazardous leather wastes, are not properly recycled despite having multiple organic functionalities, such as =N-, =NH, >NH, and -NH2, because of their particulate appearance. To overcome this problem, MCPs have been internalized herein within the microstructure of starch-grafted-pentapolymer, i.e., starch-g-[itaconic acid (IA)-co-N-((3-(isopropylamino)-3-oxopropoxy)methyl)butyramide (NIPAOPMB)-co-N-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylamide (NHMA)-co-N-(3-((hydroxymethyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)-N-isopropylbutyramide (NHMAONIB)-co-N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA)], to obtain a novel multifunctional hybrid Collagen-Polymer Composite, i.e., CPC. Here, the synthesis has been carried out through concerted-step polymerization of MCP, starch, and synthetic monomers, i.e., IA, NHMA, and NIPA, and in situ N-C/ O-C coupled strategic allocation of fourth and fifth comonomers, i.e., NIPAOPMB and NHMAONIB. Structures of CPC and metal-ion adsorbed CPC; grafting of starch; MCP-internalization; and superficial characterization have been analyzed by NMR, FTIR, XPS, and SEM. The as-obtained CPC has not only exhibited the extraordinary adsorption capacity towards Pb(II) and AsO43- at the working pH of 7 and 4, respectively, but has also provided an avenue for treating waste effluents of industries by using industrial solid wastes. This project will ensure liquid waste treatment of industries by using solid industrial wastes, hence will contribute significantly towards minimizing investments for reducing environmental pollution.

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N-C/ O-C coupled Synthesis of Scalable Collagen-Polymer Composite Hydrogel for Wastewater Treatment

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Ferrite Nanoparticles is magnetic in nature due to these they are used in many fields like biomedical field (in magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic hyperthermia etc.), Due to its magnetic properties it used in drug delivery system and as a heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis. It is prepared from different methods like Green Method, Chemical Precipitation Method and Solution Combustion method etc. In this work, Solution combustion Synthesis of ferrite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle is carried out. A Taguchi optimization method is used for the synthesis of ferrite nanoparticle. By considering all four variables we find that each variables affect the chemical composition and magnetic properties of synthesized ferrite nanoparticle. In this work, we consider Taguchi optimization for synthesis which give better quality ferrite nanoparticles. Ferrite Nanoparticles has antibacterial activity.

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Ferrite Nanoparticles (FNPs), Taguchi optimization, Solution Combustion Synthesis

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Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn (Kapok) fiber belongs to a group of natural fibres that are mainly composed of cellulose, lignin and pectin. These fibres are light weight with hollow tubular structure and is resistant to water. Kapok fiber is comparatively weak and is also flammable. Such characteristics of Kapok fiber have limited its industrial applications, simply being used for filler material. Bio-adsorption of heavy metals by Kapok fibers has been valued as potential alternative to the existing physiochemical technologies for detoxification of heavy metals. Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems. In this context the property of Kapok fiber as bio adsorbent for removal of copper and lead metal ions is investigated. Adsorption of the heavy metal is studied using colorimetric method. Also, pre-treatment method for changing the nature of fiber from hydrophobic to hydrophilic is used. Maximum adsorption of ions was observed with increase in soaking time. These results indicated that Ceiba pentandra fibers could be used as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of copper and lead metal ions from aqueous solutions.

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adsorption, heavy metals

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Ecosystem Restoration, the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged or destroyed ecosystems and homes in the terrain by active mortal interruption and action, is truly substantial for saving our earth. It's a corrective step that involves barring or modifying causes of ecological declination and re establishing the natural fires, cataracts or bloodsucker prey connections that sustain and recreate ecosystems overtime. In recent decades, humanity’s hunger for resources has thrust multitudinous ecosystems to the breaking point. The spreads, timbers, lakes, rivers, grasslands, leas, mountains, abysses, peatlands and civic areas needs to be restored. The command of natural resource law yields a strong negotiating position with civil agencies, and the focus on species protection keeps restoration forcefully bedded in biodiversity conservation. And on-the ground restoration experience affords credibility among pastoral communities, non governmental co operations, and policymakers likewise. Ecosystem restoration is one of the most vital way of delivering nature predicated results for food instability, climate change mitigation and adaption, and biodiversity loss.

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Ecosystem Restoration, Land degradation, Restoration practitioners, UN Decade

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A series of bis-benzimidazole clubbed with pyridine were design (1-12) and reported their ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity) prediction studies. Bioactivity prediction, physicochemical properties, and toxicity profiles for designed benzimidazole derivatives studied by using Molinspiration, admetSAR, and Osiris property explorer online software's. To predict drug like properties and bioactivity score of design molecules, used Molinspiration web server. 'Lipinski's rule of five' is followed by all designed derivatives and can be considered as good oral drug. Prediction of Toxicity, drug relevant properties were calculated using Osiris property explorer software. Bioactivity prediction also shows good enzyme inhibition activity of designed compounds. Among designed compounds, some compounds show good predicted ADMET properties in terms of Gastrointestinal absorption.

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Benzimidazole; ADMET; Osiris, Molinspiration, Bioactivity

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Nickel catalysts have been widely used in various industrial processes, including hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. In this study, we report the synthesis of nickel catalysts by coprecipitation method using nickel nitrate and sodium hydroxide as precursors and silica as a support material. The effect of different synthesis parameters, such as the nickel to silica ratio, pH, and temperature, on the morphology and catalytic performance of the nickel catalysts was investigated. The synthesized nickel catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR techniques. The results showed that the nickel catalysts had a high surface area and uniform distribution of nickel particles. The nickel catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. The superior performance of the nickel catalysts was attributed to the high dispersion of nickel particles on the silica support and the formation of nickel-silica interface. The coprecipitation method was found to be a simple, efficient, and scalable method for the synthesis of nickel catalysts with high catalytic performance. This study provides insights into the design and synthesis of nickel catalysts for various industrial applications.

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Nanotechnology, Nickel Catalyst, Catalytic Activity, Co-precipitation, Nanocatalyst

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Greenhouse effect is the phenomenon in which some gases that occurs in earth's atmosphere absorbs and traps solar heat. This keeps earth warmer than actual conditions. It is one of the most important causes which makes earth comfortable and habitable for living things. The gases responsible for this effect are oxides of carbon, CH4, nitrogen oxides, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons as well as ozone. These are mainly present in lower layer of atmosphere. Due to increased level of air pollution and industrial pollution, the amount of greenhouse gases is increased more than permissible limit that traps more heat and increases the temperature of atmosphere, which has major adverse effects on earth's atmosphere. Present study includes sources, effects and remedies of greenhouse effect.

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Greenhouse effect is the phenomenon in which some gases that occurs in earth's atmosphere absorbs and traps solar heat. This keeps earth warmer than actual conditions. It is one of the most important causes which makes earth comfortable and habitable for living things. The gases responsible for this effect are oxides of carbon, CH4, nitrogen oxides, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons as well as ozone. These are mainly present in lower layer of atmosphere. Due to increased level

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Construction materials we see today is the result of a progression in science, technology and process. The extraordinary chemical and physical properties of nano materials enable novel applications ranging from strength, energy conservation, and antimicrobial properties to self-cleaning surfaces. The manufactured nano composites are being considered for various uses in the sustainable construction industries. To achieve environmentally responsible nanotechnology in construction, it is important to consider the lifecycle impacts of nanomaterials on the health of construction workers and dwellers, as well as unintended environmental effects at all stages of manufacturing, construction, use, demolition, and disposal. In this paper we review smart applications of nanomaterials that improve conventional construction, and summarize potential toxicological effects to human health and environment.

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Concrete, Nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Bioavailability Environment

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In order to preserve a sufficient resource base for future generations, sustainable development necessitates the most efficient and conservation-minded use of resources. There is no one best approach to accomplish it, nor is it a concept that can be readily described. However, the environment is emphasized because it provides the resource base for all of society. Biotechnology is one of the more recent scientific advancements that has a wide range of uses that can optimize resource use. It entails genetic engineering, which is the manipulation of organisms to carry out particular processes. In relation to the environment, In recent years, the "modern biotechnologies" of molecular biology and gene technologies--which contain ecological, social, and economic requirements--have grown significantly in importance in the grains sector. Other environmentally advantageous aspects of biotechnology include resource recovery and recycling as well as the disposal of hazardous waste. Due to the expansion of the resource base, these are equally important to sustainable development. In this situation, biotechnology serves as a means of better controlling biogeochemical cycles. However, using biotechnology may have some very serious downsides. Future potential for biotechnology are therefore being constrained by the high rates of extinction that are now occurring in plant and animal species.

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Biotechnology, Sustainable development, Environment

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In everyday life, there are many types of waste materials continuously generating from various causes like domestic waste, industrial waste, chemical waste, agricultural waste etc. The solid waste can be described as domestic garbage, electronic waste material, construction debris, sludge from industries and metallurgical sites, discarded materials in plants and mining etc. Some of the waste is disposable, some is decomposable and some is reusable. Though various waste treatment methods are available, these are insufficient due to rapid industrialization, continuously growing population and high standards of living society. Hence more effective methods are required. Present article is focused on various methods for solid waste management used in our country.

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wastes, domestic garbage, disposable, reusable, effective etc.

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Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles have wide range of applications in various fields. The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles provides an advantage over the chemical synthesis approach. Researchers are working on synthesis methods of plant extracts to produce cost-effective and eco-friendly nanoparticles. Plant tissues contains various phytochemicals i.e. phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and amino acids. These compounds act as reducing, capping and stabilizing agent during the formation of ZrO2 nanoparticles. In this review, we focus on the biosynthesis of ZrO2 nanoparticles using different parts of plant extracts. This review article has summarized research papers from 2018-2023 which describe the process of ZrO2 nanoparticles biosynthesis, characterization and their application in different fields.

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Metal oxide, Zirconia, Green synthesis, Phytochemical, Nanoparticles.

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Nanomaterials that can efficiently use carbon-dioxide from the air, capture toxic pollutants from water and degrade solid waste into useful products. Nanomaterials could help us to mitigate pollution. They are efficient catalysts and mostly recyclable. Now, they have to become economical for commercialization and better to replace present day technologies completely. To help slow the climate changing rise in atmospheric CO2 levels, Researchers have developed Nano catalyst harvesters that suck atmospheric pollutants and deploy it for industrial purposes. In this article we will discuss the review on causes drastic climate change and how Nanomaterials could combat the reduction in pollution.

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Nanotechnology and Climate Change: A Reviews

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Bangalore, also known as Bengaluru, is facing a severe water crisis exacerbated by rapid urbanization, population growth, and climate change. The city's water demand far exceeds its supply, leading to critical shortages and over-extraction of groundwater. This abstract delves into the causes of Bangalore's water crisis, including inefficient water management, pollution of water bodies, and encroachment of lakes. It also explores potential solutions such as rainwater harvesting, wastewater recycling, lake rejuvenation, and policy reforms aimed at sustainable water usage. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach involving government intervention, community participation, and technological innovation to ensure a sustainable water future for Bangalore.

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Water Crisis, Bangalore, Urbanization, Population Growth, Groundwater Depletion, Water Management, Pollution, Climate Change, Lake Encroachment, Rainwater Harvesting, Wastewater Recycling, Lake Rejuvenation, Policy Reforms, Community Participation, Technological Innovations, Water Conservation, Sustainable Water Usage, Public Awareness, Water Supply, Water Demand, Introduction, Bangalore, often referred to as the Silicon Valley of India, has experienced exponentia

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In this paper, we concentrate on the compressible viscoelastic streams in three-layered entire space. We use the energy method to find a one-of-a-kind global solution assuming minimal initial data. The higher-order spatial derivatives of the solution's time decay rates are also obtained. if the initial data belong to additionally.

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Research on viscoelastic compressible flows

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