Volume 13 | Issue 3

 Abstract

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has emerged as one of India's most important rural development and social protection programmes, significantly contributing to women's livelihood security, financial inclusion, and social empowerment. By providing guaranteed wage employment, the scheme has enhanced income security, reduced economic vulnerability, and created sustainable livelihood opportunities for rural women. Women's participation under MGNREGA has consistently exceeded the statutory requirement, highlighting its importance as a gender-inclusive employment programme.

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MGNREGA, Women's Empowerment, Livelihood Security, Financial Inclusion, Rural India, Gender and Public Policy, Social Protection, Common Property Resources, Wage Autonomy

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This study was designed to investigate the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of the volatile oil of the plant extract of Capparis cartilaginea. GC and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of eighteen chemical constituents representing 98.88 % of the oil. Isopropyl isothiocyanate (32.03 %), butyl isothiocyanate (24.95 %), 2-nitrilebutane (6.23 %), and isobutyl isothiocyanate (5.61 %) were the major components. The essential oil shows significant antibacterial and antifungal activity than principle components.

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Capparis cartilaginea L.; Essential oil; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; GC; GC-MS; Isopropyl isothiocyanate; Butyl isothiocyanate; 2-nitrilebutane.

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Vidya Bindu Singh ke Katha Sahitya mein Chitrit Dharmik Paksh

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Vidya Bindu Singh ke Katha Sahitya mein Chitrit Dharmik Paksh

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing social work practice by enhancing operational efficiency, supporting informed decision-making, and enabling data-oriented interventions. This paper provides a critical examination of the opportunities, ethical concerns, and professional consequences associated with the adoption of AI within the Indian context. Drawing on theoretical perspectives such as the Person-in-Environment approach and the Ethics of Care, the study explores the growing use of AI tools--including predictive analytics, machine learning, and automated systems--in areas such as welfare delivery, child protection, and mental health services.

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Artificial Intelligence, Social Work Practice, Ethics, India, Digital Practice, Algorithmic Bias, Public Policy

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Internship is a compulsory part of any teacher education programme. Internship plays a significant role in the overall development of the student-teachers (trainees). Like all other professional programmes, field engagement is an essential component of any teacher education programme. Internship has a pivotal role in the teacher education professional courses which provides a complete experience of teaching-learning environments and other day-to-day happenings of the schools in real ground situations. The aim of this study is to know the effectiveness of Internship Programme in Teacher Education Course in relation to gender, type of college, location and pedagogy

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Internship Programme, Teacher Education.

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Purpose of the study was to investigate the Comparative Study on Agility among Different kanyashree cup women Soccer Players. For the present study a total subject (N-100) Kanyashree cup women soccer players of West Bengal, age ranging 15-18 years. The researchers selected physical fitness variables that is agility for the present study. The data was analyzed by applying F-test at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the present study strongly reveals that there was no significant deference among different positional kanyashree cup women soccer players.

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physical fitness, Agility, different football position, Kanyashree cup.

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The business environment means all the external and internal factors that influence how an organization operates, makes decisions, and achieves its objectives. It includes elements such as government policies, economic conditions, competitors, technology, customers, and social trends, all of which lie largely outside the control of a business but have a strong impact on its performance. Various changes in the external world often compel businesses to adjust their operations and strategies.The history of banking in India is one of the oldest and most fascinating in the world. Spanning over 3,000 years, India's banking evolution mirrors the country's social, political, and economic transformations from ancient moneylenders and indigenous banking systems to a modern, technology-driven financial ecosystem regulated by the Reserve Bank of India RBI. Understanding this journey provides critical insights into how India's financial architecture was built and how it continues to evolve. Trade data overhaul: FY23 set as new benchmark forexport-import indices.

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Business Enviroinment , Government policies, Environmental changes, Technological and social changes, National Electricity Policy , Modi Govt Unveils Shanti Bill, Ancient and Medieval Banking , Colonial Era of Banking 1700s-1947 , The UPI Revolution and Digital Banking 2016-2020.

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Modern retail platforms increasingly rely on distributed microservice architectures to support large-scale order processing and digital commerce operations. Deploying new features in such environments introduces significant risks related to system reliability, security exposure, and transaction integrity. While A/B testing is widely used for feature validation, traditional experimentation frameworks often lack integrated mechanisms for security enforcement and real-time system observability.

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A/B testing, distributed systems, retail order processing, observability, experimentation infrastructure

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Religion has been an inseparable aspect of human civilization; however, in the twenty-first century, religious conflict has emerged as one of the gravest threats to global peace. From the Middle East to South Asia, from Africa to Europe, the escalating violence, intolerance, and animosity perpetrated in the name of religion represent a profound crisis for human values. In this turbulent landscape, Mahatma Gandhi's doctrine of Satyagraha emerges as a relevant and effective framework for resolution. This research paper analyses how the core concepts of Gandhian Satyagraha--Ahimsa (nonviolence), Satya (truth), Sarva Dharma Samabhava (equal respect for all religions), the Constructive Programme, and self-purification--can contribute to the resolution of contemporary religious conflicts. Drawing on diverse case studies, historical examples, and contemporary conflict-resolution theory, the paper establishes that the Gandhian approach is capable not only of de-escalating religious violence, but also of fostering a durable culture of tolerance and coexistence.

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Satyagraha, Ahimsa, Religious Conflict, Sarva Dharma Samabhava, Conflict Resolution, Gandhism, Interfaith Dialogue, Nonviolent Resistance

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In this paper, we explore the dual nature of human welfare--worldly and eschatological--through a philosophical introspection of economics as a social science. While traditional economics has been primarily concerned with material well-being and prosperity, there is an increasing recognition that economic systems should also address spiritual and ethical dimensions of human existence. By reviewing economic theories and religious philosophies, we examine how concepts of welfare can be expanded to include not just temporal prosperity but also the soul's ultimate fulfillment. Drawing on classical economic thought, as well as insights from Islamic, Christian, Buddhist, and Hindu traditions, we discuss how economics can serve as a tool to balance material needs with spiritual values. This paper proposes that economics, as a field of inquiry and practice, should transcend its material focus and contribute to the holistic welfare of individuals and societies, incorporating both worldly progress and eschatological well-being.

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worldly welfare, eschatological welfare, ethical economics, sustainable development, human well-being.

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This study investigates midpoint convex sets as a relaxation of classical convexity in linear spaces. Every convex set is midpoint convex, but the converse need not hold. We establish foundational results: stability under intersections, Minkowski combinations, linear images and pre-images, and translations. We also clarify when midpoint convexity upgrades to full convexity, notably under closedness, local boundedness, or mild regularity (e.g. measurability). Several examples and counterexamples are provided, and we correct a common misconception: unions of midpoint convex sets are generally not midpoint convex unless the family is nested (i.e. a chain). Short geometric figures illustrate the midpoint property, non-midpoint-convex union, and dyadic construction that underlies many proofs. These observations are relevant to functional analysis, convex geometry, optimisation, and the study of Jensen-type structures.

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Convex set, midpoint convex set, linear space, linear transformation, translation Dyadic convexity Jensen convexity.

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The Laokhowa and Burhachapori Wildlife Sanctuaries (LBWLS) are two of the most important sanctuaries in Assam, extending on the southern bank of the Brahmaputra in Nagaon district. They form part of a larger conservation complex together with the Kaziranga, Orang, Laokhowa, and Burhachapori. Laokhowa is 70.1 km2, and Burhachapori is originally 44.06 km2 (Ojah, 2012; Ojah, 2016), but the First Addition was made in 2019 in order to increase ecological connectivity with Kaziranga (Government of Assam, 2022). It is an ecologically rich land that is a combination of riverine grassland and settlements punctuated by bands of semi-evergreen places and large wetlands, which form this interaction of the Brahmaputra.

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Weaving Futures from Weeds: Women, Water Hyacinth, and Livelihoods on the Edge of Laokhowa-Burhachapori

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Analysis of the utility of ancient Indian knowledge tradition in the current education system

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Analysis of the utility of ancient Indian knowledge tradition in the current education system

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Housing is a basic human need and a key indicator of socio-economic development. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U), launched in 2015 by the Government of India, aims to provide "Housing for All. In Chhattisgarh, the scheme has achieved substantial progress, with over 4.6 lakh houses sanctioned and nearly 3.8 lakh completed as of 2024. The Raipur Division--comprising Raipur, Mahasamund, Dhamtari, Balodabazar, and Gariyaband--has been one of the most active regions in implementing PMAY-U, contributing significantly to the state's overall housing performance. The present study reviews the progress of PMAY-U implementation in the Raipur Division using secondary data sources such as reports from the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), Chhattisgarh Housing Board, and State Urban Development Agency (SUDA). The findings indicate that Raipur district alone accounts for approximately 35% of the total sanctioned units in the division, reflecting effective coordination between state and urban local bodies. Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC) and Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) components have emerged as the dominant modes of implementation. Despite challenges such as land availability, beneficiary contribution delays, and administrative bottlenecks. The Raipur Division, being one of the key urban clusters, has made considerable strides in the construction and allocation of affordable housing units. This progress is part of the broader state-level momentum, where Chhattisgarh has actively facilitated the execution of PMAY-U by efficiently channelizing both central and state financial resources.

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ULB, CG, EWS, BLC

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This study explores Impact of Social Justice Movements in India on Policy. Social justice movements in India have been instrumental in challenging systemic injustices and advocating for policy reforms that promote equality and justice. Historically rooted in struggles against caste discrimination, gender inequality, and economic disparities, social justice movements in India have mobilized diverse communities to address entrenched inequalities. Women's rights movements have campaigned for legislative changes, including laws against dowry harassment and domestic violence, and have pushed for greater political representation and economic empowerment for women. Environmental justice movements have highlighted issues of land rights, pollution, and climate justice, influencing policies on resource management and sustainable development. This study critically examines the role of social justice movements in influencing political change across democratic and authoritarian regimes. Social justice movements--collective efforts aimed at rectifying systemic inequalities related to race, gender, class, sexuality, and other axes of identity--have historically played a transformative role in shaping public discourse, policymaking, and institutional reform. The study also explores the dynamic interplay between movements and the state, emphasizing how governments respond through policy adaptation, repression, or co-optation. Furthermore, it assesses the long-term effectiveness of social justice movements in securing structural changes, such as the expansion of civil rights, police and criminal justice reform, and shifts in public policy narratives. The analysis incorporates both qualitative case studies and quantitative data on protest frequency, public opinion shifts, and legislative outcomes. Findings suggest that while not all social justice movements achieve their stated goals, their cumulative influence significantly alters the political landscape by redefining what issues are seen as politically urgent and morally compelling. The paper concludes by discussing the conditions under which social justice movements are most likely to affect political change, including the presence of institutional allies, widespread public support, and strategic framing of demands. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how collective action fosters political accountability and social transformation in the 21st century.

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Social justice movements, Political change, Activism, Grassroots mobilization, Policy reform, civil rights, Political transformation, Collective action, Systemic inequality, Social movements

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The present investigation aims to examine the impact of resistance training combined with specific skill exercises on the cardio-respiratory endurance of male intercollegiate Kabaddi players. For this reason, a total of 40 male players from degree colleges in Bengaluru (Karnataka, India) were randomly divided into two groups: the Experimental Group (Group-A, 20 players), which underwent resistance training integrated with specific skill exercises and the Control Group (Group-B, 20 players), which followed their regular routine without additional training. Baseline (pre-test) cardio-respiratory endurance was measured for both groups using Cooper's 12-Minute Run/Walk Test (measured in meters). The experimental group participated in the resistance training and skill exercise programmes five days a week for twelve weeks, while the control group continued their usual schedule. After the training period, post-test scores were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using paired 't' test and independent sample 't' test at 0.05 and 0.01 significance levels with the help of SPSS and MS Excel. The findings revealed significant changes in cardio-respiratory endurance among Kabaddi players who underwent resistance training combined with specific skill exercises compared to the control group. This improvement might be because the resistance training helped the kabaddi players build muscle strength as well as stamina, improving their oxygen intake along with ability to perform for longer periods. Also, practicing specific Kabaddi skills along with training may have enhanced their game movements, leading to better endurance.

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Resistance Training, cardio-respiratory endurance, specific skill exercises, Kabaddi, Intercollegiate Male Players.

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Abstract The Climate change poses a serious threat to India's economic development through multiple channels: declining labor productivity, damage to infrastructure, loss in agricultural output, increased health burdens, and mounting adaptation costs. This paper assesses the projected economic losses to India under different emissions and warming scenarios, estimates the costs of adaptation and mitigation, and examines how these costs interact with development goals. We also analyze policy options that can help minimize these losses while supporting sustainable growth. Our findings suggest that under a high emissions scenario, India could face GDP losses of 20-25 per cent by 2070 and much higher by 2100. The cost of adapting to climate change by 2030 projected in the many trillions of rupees, imposing a substantial burden but also offering opportunities for innovation, resilience, and inclusive development. Climate change is already affecting India through rising temperatures, changing monsoon patterns, more frequent and severe extreme events, and slow-onset changes that undermine productivity and infrastructure. Using recent literature and institutional estimates, this paper synthesizes evidence on the channels through which climate change reduces output in agriculture, labor productivity, health, and infrastructure, and quantifies likely macroeconomic costs under plausible scenarios. The evidence suggests substantial short and long-term costs: sectoral losses (especially in agriculture and informal labor) and fiscal strains from disaster response and adaptation investments could reduce growth and push millions back into poverty if unaddressed. The article closes with prioritized policy responses-strengthening climate-resilient agriculture, expanding social protection, investing in nature-based solutions and cooling infrastructure, and mobilizing green finance.

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Key words: Climate change, Economic development, Sustainable growth, GDP

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 Abstract

1857 ka sangram : ek samgra vivechan

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1857 ka sangram : ek samgra vivechan

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