Volume 12 | Issue 3

 Abstract

Indoor as air quality (IAQ) plays a role in determining the comfort and work efficiency of individuals especially in Workspaces where people spend a significant amount of time working on their tasks. IAQ has an impact on the health and productivity of occupants as poor IAQ can worsen symptoms related to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) like headaches, breathing problems and tiredness. Maintaining a temperature is essential for ensuring productivity levels, which is closely linked to IAQ conditions. When occupants feel uncomfortable due to temperatures, they are more likely to be distracted and experience reduced abilities underscoring the importance of architectural solutions. Installing HVAC systems with temperature controls, adequate insulation and smart shading devices is crucial for creating a pleasant indoor environment that promotes productivity. Additionally addressing IAQ issues is vital. High levels of pollutants such as organic compounds (VOCs) particulate matter and carbon dioxide not only worsen SBS symptoms but also hamper cognitive performance and increase absenteeism rates. Improving IAQ through ventilation systems, air purification methods and using friendly building materials are key architectural strategies for enhancing indoor spaces. This comprehensive approach, to designing office environments prioritizes the wellbeing of occupants by fostering healthiness, creativity, job satisfaction while mitigating the effects associated with SBS. This research paper delves into the connection, between building design, comfortable temperatures, air quality indoors and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in office spaces. By reviewing existing research, case studies and design techniques it seeks to identify effective approaches for promoting healthy work environments and mitigating the prevalence of SBS.

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sick building syndrome, indoor air quality, healthy workspace, productivity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The past decade has witnessed a rise in the e-commerce platforms in India which has led to an enormous influx of data generated through customer interactions, transactions, and browsing behaviors. In this context, data mining acts as a powerful tool in extracting valuable data from large raw data sets, enabling e-commerce platforms to enhance user experiences, optimize platform operations and formulate strategic decisions. However, the use of data mining techniques in e-commerce raises legal concerns that necessitate careful consideration. This paper highlights the methods used in data mining to understand patterns and relationships between the customer and the platform, thus, increasing the business value, and explores the legal implications of data mining in e-commerce platforms in India. It examines how data mining practices intersect with the existing regulations, primarily focusing on the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the recently enacted Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. Further, it analyses landmark judgments and regulatory guidelines set forth by the Judiciary on the evolving jurisprudence around personal data protection, the concept of consent and liability, in essence, the consumer rights in e-commerce platforms. One of the primary concerns that data mining raises is, user consent and data ownership. E-commerce platforms collect and store a multitude of personal as well as behavioral data, often without taking explicit consent from the users. This further raise privacy concerns of the users with no right to data portability and the right to be forgotten under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, which further brings about a gap between the legislation and precedents. Further, the cross-border transfer of data to other countries might pose a threat to the privacy of users interacting on such e-commerce platforms in India. The transfer of personal data from India to other countries, unless they are explicitly blacklisted by the Central Government, may be subject to unauthorized use and breaches by private and governmental entities if there is no robust data protection legislation in the transferee country. This further raises the issue of inadequate protection of personal data in the process of data mining by e-commerce platforms that are providing goods and services to users within the territory of India. This paper delves into concepts of data privacy, data localization, and user consent enshrined in the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 with an attempt to answer the fundamental question of pondering: how can we protect our personal data without parting ways with the evolving technology? With the ever-evolving landscape of data protection and e-commerce, the stakeholders must ensure compliance with the existing and forthcoming regulations. The e-commerce platforms must adopt transparent data collection practices, robust mechanisms for consent, and extensive data protection policies to mitigate legal risks. The research methodology adopted for this research paper is doctrinal, descriptive and conceptual. The sources referred to are secondary in nature, such as books, articles, and journals.

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 Keywords

E-commerce, Data Mining, Privacy, Consent, Information Technology Act 2000

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 Abstract

The growth of a globally interconnected society that is accessible for use and manipulation at the click of a button is a fact that is well-known and debated in common parlance. This progress in networking through the use of cyberspace, a platform where the boundaries are fluid and exist virtually, has continued to attract the attention of legal scholars and lawmakers alike. While the advantages are countless, the associated exposure to an entirely new category of crime, "cybercrime", and anti-competitive market practices by businesses that float through these mediums cannot be ignored. The abuse of dominance is predated by the two-step formula used alike by every major online corporation, whereby they first and foremost, acquire a large audience that relies on the services provided by them. Second, these internet-based corporations figure out how to profit from the clientele by justifying breaking the customary laws of business and exploiting loopholes or just defying the law, all of which typically serve as the source of unparalleled growth. This study primarily attempts to scrutinize the functioning of e-commerce retail websites by analyzing how through the control of the internet, sometimes by a sizable portion of the marketplace or the inventions, an unfair advantage is being gained by particular businesses at the cost of the customers as well as other competitors. The paper makes use of a multi-disciplinary approach where the operations of e-commerce platforms are analyzed by looking into the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 in addition to laws regulating competition in the market. The application of anti-trust and other IT law regulations is becoming increasingly complicated as innovations are made every passing second. Therefore, the speed with which the legislative process works, the increasing susceptibility of consumers to fall prey to cyber frauds and search engine biases that redirect them to websites that already enjoy a competitively advantageous position.

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E-commerce, cyberspace, retail, abuse of dominance, marketplace, cyber law, crime crimes, anti-competitive behaviour

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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) has been considered to be the most menacing eye-related disease which causes blindness or vision loss in the long run if not identified early. Because DR is not an irreversible procedure and only vision is preserved via care. Consequently, Early diagnosis and care with DR will significantly minimize the chance of vision loss. Thus an efficient computing method has to be employed to facilitate the detection of DR from retinal images. Digital image processing is one such method where it influences the medical field. In this paper, a DR detection technique, involving an artificial intelligence approach by utilizing a retinal image, where a funds image has been obtained from a patient's retina.

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Vision loss, Artificial intelligence, Diagnosis

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This paper explores the subtle yet transformative influence of feminist ideals in Jane Austen's novels, elucidating the ways in which her narratives challenges and subvert the societal norms of the early 19th century. Through a meticulous analysis of selected works, including "Pride and Prejudice," "Emma," "Sense and Sensibility", and "Persuasion" this study aims to unravel the multifaceted layers of feminism embedded in Austen's storytelling and character portrayals. The investigation begins by contextualizing Austen's literary environment within the constraints of the Regency era, delving into the prevalent gender roles and societal expectations that shaped the lives of women during this time. By employing feminist literary theory, this paper dissects Austen's narratives to identify instances where her characters, dialogue, and plot developments challenge the patriarchal structures and advocate for women's agency. The analysis extends beyond the explicit expressions of feminism to uncover the implicit nuances present in Austen's novels. By examining the choices made by female characters, their relationships, and the commentary on societal expectations, this paper reveals the subversive nature of Austen's writings, positioning her as an unexpected champion of feminist ideals. Furthermore, the study explores the reception of Austen's novels over time, considering how changing societal attitudes and feminist movements have influenced interpretations of her work. The paper discusses the on-going relevance of Austen's feminist themes and their impact on contemporary readers, emphasizing the enduring importance of her contributions to the broader discourse on gender equality.

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feminism, gender roles, empowerment, Regency era, literary analysis, societal norms, women's agency, reception studies.

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 Abstract

"Currently, the escalation of traffic congestion and accidents stands as a significant challenge. Many drivers disregard traffic regulations, exacerbating the issue. Consequently, effective vehicle monitoring measures are imperative. Urban areas, in particular, grapple with severe traffic problems, a trend that extends to second-tier cities. Implementing surveillance systems becomes indispensable to mitigate delays and prevent accidents. Our project focuses on monitoring vehicle traffic. Specifically, we employ a vehicle speed detection system to achieve this goal. By analyzing captured video footage, we estimate vehicle speeds. This process involves vehicle detection within the video frames, followed by centroid analysis to calculate distances. Leveraging image processing and computer vision techniques, we achieve efficient monitoring and speed determination. Notably, our methods exhibit superior accuracy and processing speeds compared to existing techniques. With the burgeoning population leading to a corresponding increase in vehicular traffic, surveillance systems that rely on video capture and processing for speed determination emerge as critical tools to curb accidents and alleviate traffic congestion. The primary components of our vehicle speed detection process encompass background model establishment and updating, moving target detection, vehicle centroid localization, and motion speed calculation."

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Guided by Professor Khanvilkar A.R.

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The study investigates the relevance of water crises on the academic performance of pupils of selected secondary schools in the east district of Freetown, Calabatown. To achieve this purpose, five research questions guided the study. The study adopted the survey research design. The population comprised Pupils of selected schools, teachers, community members, and SALWACO. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select the sample which comprised 100 respondents 25 from each category. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages, while the qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study found among others, that many out of the 100 respondents contacted, about 85% of respondents stated that, the availability of water had extreme relevance to improving students' performances in schools around the Calabatown-wellington axis and beyond. About 5% stated that it is just relevant while 10% stated that it had been fairly relevant. 98% of the respondents stated a 'Yes' indeed, there had been impacts created by the current water scarcity in the area whilst the other 2% denied this submission to having impacts within the Calabatown periphery. Out of 100 respondents, about 95% respondents had confirmed that there had been challenges faced in tackling the problems while the other 5% stated that, there had not been any challenges. Out of the 100 respondents reached, about 49 of these respondents stated yes, that there had been mechanisms to combat this issue and the other 51% stated that there had not been any mechanism to respond to the challenges faced. Based on the responses above, it could be noticed that 40% of respondents stated the structure had been fairly effective, with lower percentages for other options.

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 Keywords

Crises, Performance, Water, School.

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This study explores Raja Ram Mohan Roy as a remarkable finger for women's empowerment in 18th-century India and the ripple effect continue till 21st' century. It analyzes his multiple complexes reforms - fighting Sati, advocating for education, and promoting widow remarriage - that challenged social norms. While highlighting his advanced influence on subsequent legislation in India like The Hindu Marriage Act (1955), the study acknowledges potential gaps. Roy's focus on Bengal and limitations in reaching beyond upper-caste women warrant further investigation. Examining the long-term evolution of his ideas would provide benchmar understanding. Raja Ram Mohan Roy's legacy remains significant, inspiring ongoing struggles for gender equality in India.

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Raja Ram Mohan Roy,Women's empowerment, Social Reformer,Legislative reforms,Women Education,

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The most popular theories of capital structure are Trade-off theory, Pecking Order theory and Market Timing Theory. Most of the studies on capital structure decisions are in context of developed nations whereas on developing nations, only few studies have been conducted. Out of them, there were hardly any studies that supported the empirical evidence of market timing theory especially in context of Indian market. So the present study attempts to test whether Indian firms time the market or not. Further, the study focuses on Indian manufacturing companies that went public or issued equity during the period 2003-2022. The sample consists of 316 manufacturing firms that are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange. Using Baker and Wurgler's model of market timing theory, the capital structure of the companies has been examined around their IPO years, taking the number of years since their IPO constant. The findings of the study revealed that Indian firm do time the market but not blindly and profitability is the key internal variable on which the companies rely the most.

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Capital Structure Theories, Equity Market Timing, Indian Manufacturing Companies, Initial Public Offerings

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The World Health Organisation defines drug utilization evaluation as the study of the social, medical, and economic effects of pharmaceutical marketing, distribution, prescription, and use in society. Our study's objective is to examine the drug use patterns of a pediatric patient population in a hospital using the World Health Organization prescription indicators. Drug usage studies are one possible instrument for assessing the quality of the healthcare system. Drug Utilization Studies are therefore carried out to encourage drug usage in communities reasonably. This paper's primary goal is to enlighten readers about the sensible use of medication in outpatient and inpatient departments, with a focus on drug utilization evaluation. Additionally, it raises awareness among academicians, researchers, chemists, nurses, and healthcare professionals about how to lessen the irrationality of pharmaceuticals. The method used to compile this review information is gathered from websites, Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, Wiley Online Library, and Elsevier.

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Drug utilization, Polypharmacy, Anti-microbial, Prescriptions.

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Herbal tea, composed of various herbs derived from leaves, seeds, and roots of different plants, is often misunderstood as being sourced from traditional tea plants. In reality, these concoctions are better described as "tisanes." There exists a diverse array of tisanes, each renowned for its therapeutic attributes. Some are prized for their invigorating qualities, aiding in relaxation, alleviating digestive issues, and bolstering the immune system. Among the well-known herbal teas are black herbal tea, herbal green tea, herbal chamomile, herbal ginger, herbal ginseng, peppermint, and cinnamon. Certain herbal teas possess potent healing properties; for instance, astragalus, a Chinese herb, boasts antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, offering support to individuals with conditions like HIV and AIDS. While scientists continue to explore and confirm the health advantages of consuming herbal teas, they have found little evidence of harm associated with their consumption.

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Camellia Sinensis, tisanes, Historic herbal remedy, Modern day discoveries, medical benefits, ailments, benefits, drawbacks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In India, approximately 8.6% of the population falls under the category of "scheduled tribes," spread across 705 districts nationwide. Among these, tribal communities hold significant presence in states like Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, West Bengal, the Northeastern states, as well as the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This study delves into the health-seeking behaviors of Koya tribe women, an indigenous group residing across various regions of India. Despite playing crucial roles in familial and societal well-being, the healthcare practices of Koya women have received limited exploration. Employing a mixed-methods approach involving qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, this research investigates the determinants influencing health-seeking behaviors among Koya women. Factors such as cultural norms, traditional beliefs, socio-economic status, and accessibility to healthcare facilities are analyzed. The findings unveil a complex interaction between traditional healing methods and the utilization of modern healthcare services among Koya women. While traditional remedies and spiritual practices remain significant in health management, there's an increasing acceptance of modern healthcare services within the community. However, challenges like restricted access to healthcare facilities, financial limitations, and cultural preferences significantly influence the healthcare-seeking decisions of Koya women. The study emphasizes the necessity for culturally sensitive interventions to bridge the gap between traditional and modern healthcare systems. Through collaboration with community leaders and stakeholders, policymakers and healthcare providers can devise targeted strategies to enhance healthcare accessibility and promote well-being among Koya tribe women. This research contributes to a deeper comprehension of healthcare dynamics within indigenous communities, advocating for context-specific approaches to effectively address healthcare disparities

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 Keywords

Traditional Medicine, Tribal population, Health seeking behavior, Health seeking behavior of tribal population.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In recent years, influencer marketing has emerged as a dynamic and impactful strategy for brands seeking to connect with their target audiences in a more authentic and engaging manner. This paper examines the factors driving the increasing adoption of influencer marketing by brands across diverse industries. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, as well as analysis of current trends and case studies, this research elucidates the various benefits that influencer marketing offers to brands, including enhanced brand awareness, credibility, and audience engagement. Additionally, this paper delves into the evolving landscape of social media platforms and their role in facilitating influencer-brand collaborations.

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GROWING USAGE OF INFLUENCER MARKETING AMONG BRANDS

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This project revolves around the conceptualization, examination, and optimization of a pedestrian bridge. The focus here is on designing an overhead pedestrian bridge in locations where traffic volume surpasses 1500 vehicles or where a significant number of accidents occur. The primary objective is to alleviate conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles. In areas such as those in front of schools, colleges, offices, and other public spaces where pedestrians, particularly students, frequently traverse the road, the hourly traffic exceeds 1500 vehicles on average. Navigating these busy roadways by foot not only poses a challenge but also carries inherent risks. With this context in mind, the project aims to create an aesthetically pleasing pedestrian bridge at key intersections in front of areas with high pedestrian footfall. This initiative intends to relieve traffic congestion and minimize delays on the highway, while also enhancing safety by mitigating conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles.

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design, accidents, analysis, shape optimization, pedestrian bridge, pedestrian safety, high traffic volume.

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 Abstract

Soil fertility is an important factor in assessing the quality of the soil since it shows how well the soil can support plant growth in agriculture.The quantity of nutrients in the soil can be quickly determined by using an Arduino board equipped with a soil sensor. The nutrient content of the soil can be quickly determined with an ESP32 equipped with a soil sensor. It is widely accepted that nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium are essential constituents of nutrient sources.These elements should be measured to determine how much more nutrient content needs to be added to the soil to increase crop fertility.Soil fertility can be established through NPK sensors. By examining data on soil nutrient concentrations, we may determine whether the soil used to support plant production is rich in nutrients or lacking in them. There are several approaches to use a mass spectrogram or sensing element to find out how many nutrients are in the soil samples.However, with data only 60-70% genuine, the spectrum analysis approach is laborious.Due to a scarcity of data, a detailed comparison between the spectrum analysis approach and conventional wet chemistry procedures is required to ascertain the accuracy of the products. To detect soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, a soil NPK sensor should be used. Along with the application of a cheap, quick, straightforward, elevated, and portable soil NPK sensor. The plus side over a traditional detection method is the extremely short observation times required to gather exact data.This study compares and utilises different soil nutrient levels using machine learning and the kernel density estimation algorithm. One advising technological advancement that provides rational and sensible answers to the transformation taking place in many industries is the Internet of Things (IOT).Numerous research surveys and evaluations have been conducted, and a variety of methods have been used to apply IOT technology in agronomical fields.When it comes to quickly detecting plant health issues so that appropriate action may be taken, IOT can be very useful. It's a significant development in smart agriculture.Within this manuscript, we introduce a methodology for creating an automated framework capable of detecting crop damage in its early stages, which remain undetectable to the unaided eye. This method helps to prevent large losses in addition to saving a tonne of time and labour.The proposed method builds a recognition framework using soil-based detection devices, such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus derived from plants. Sensor data is sent to the Arduino Cloud, which evaluates it and helps identify plant damage. In the years to come, the smart farming system will rely heavily on the internet of things.

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 Keywords

KERNEL DENSITY ESTIMATION, NPK SENSOR, PRECISION FARMING.

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Addiction poses a significant public health challenge in India, impacting individuals, families, and communities across the nation. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the landscape of addiction in India, with a focus on understanding its prevalence, patterns, and effective interventions. The method involves incorporating surveys with a diverse sample of participants from various regions and demographic backgrounds. The study aims to collect date on the prevalence of addiction to substances, behaviours, and technology, along with associated risk factors. Conducting interviews to gain insights into the live experiences of individuals affected by addiction and the cultural and societal factors influencing addiction behaviours. The findings reveal complex and evolving picture of addiction in India. Substance abuse, involving alcohol and tobacco, remains a prevalent concern, but emerging trends such as internet addiction and gambling are on the rise, particularly among the youth. Socioeconomic factors, cultural norms, and peer influence were identified as key contributors to addiction vulnerability. Stigma and limited access to treatment and support services were identified as barriers to recovery. By addressing the multifaceted nature of addiction in India, healthcare professionals can develop evidence-based strategies to mitigate its impact on individuals and society.

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Addiction, India, Prevalence, Patterns, Intervention, Substance Abuse, Internet Addiction, Stigma, Youth, Survey

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Statistics and mathematics assist as the keystone of artificial intelligence, machine learning, data analysis and data science. Probability theory, linear algebra and optimization are fundamental enabling techniques for understanding uncertainty, manipulating data and optimizing algorithms. In AI and ML, probability, linear algebra and optimization techniques are support models, while in data analysis and data science, statistical methods facilitate descriptive, inferential analyses, regression and time series analysis. Collectively, these disciplines provide the theoretical framework and analytical tools essential for extracting insights, building models and making data-driven decisions. Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation and organization of data. Statistical methods are used to analyze and interpret data to make inferences about populations from samples. Statistical methods are widely used in AI to improve performance and accuracy. A key component of data science is math. Mathematics contains various branches like algebra, geometry, Trigonometry, Calculus, Statistics and Probability. Developing machine learning algorithms requires an understanding of concepts from statistics, probability theory, calculus and linear algebra. These algorithms recognize patterns, forecast outcomes and categorize data using mathematical equations and functions. All Machine Learning algorithms are built on a mathematical foundation. These algorithms assist us in extracting information from the data. We write these algorithms in a programming language (typically libraries are available) and the computer machine that executes them on the data set seems to be intelligent, thus the title Artificial Intelligence. Machine learning is an integral part of artificial intelligence, which is used to design algorithms based on the data trends and historical relationships between data. Machine learning (ML) is defined as a discipline of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides machines the ability to automatically learn from data and past experiences to identify patterns and make predictions with minimal human intervention. This paper aims to explore role of the Statistics and Mathematics in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Analysis and Data Science. Also some factors are discussed like challenges, limitations and future directions.

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Statistics, Mathematics Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Data Analysis (DA), Data Science (DS), Optimization, Probability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Oral tradition expresses self-identity and upholds social organisations, religious practices, ethical values and customary laws of a certain group of people. Orality is a complex phenomenon which configures its own ways and means of expression and transmission. It is that great highway of information where an existing intersection of ideas, forms and styles takes place at different levels, creating processes and dialogues with inter-linkages between form and content, genre and theme, visual and aural, local and regional, traditional and contemporary. The oral literature or the traditional literature, transmitted to us from generation to generation, represents the most valid and appropriate expression of religions, mythological, historical and cultural milieu of the rural folk. It was the only form of literature that existed among the tribal society as a vehicle of expression and share knowledge and stories of an oral tribe in the form of proverbs, sayings, folk songs which held the community together. Narratology is the art of narration through which folk tales, proverbs, myths, etc. are conveyed from one generation to the other orally. Narratives function as markers of ethnic or cultural boundaries. They also perceive through narration, the changes and loss of images in their society and their cultural differences. Thus all narratives are expressions of a given culture, and represent and transport its norms and values. The telling of stories is such a pervasive aspect of our environment that we sometimes forget that stories provide the initial and continuing means for shaping our experience. Stories are the repository of our collective wisdom about the world of social and cultural behaviour ; they are the key mediating structures for our encounters with reality.All forms of narration are a reflection of culture. Folktales, proverbs, sayings and all kinds of everyday narration are expressions or representations of the cultural system of a people of its worldview, its value orientations, attitudes and habits, its customs and its history. Ordinary everyday communication is usually interspersed with short narrative forms like saying or proverbs, anecdotes, quips, stories, etc.With oral narratives, there are no reference books. Hardly anything is written down or recorded. The present study will concentrate on a small part of a vast oral literature of the Ao Nagas, a major tribe of Nagaland, The Aos have a rich culture which is reflected in their oral literature like the use of proverbs, sayings, songs and folklores. Use of proverbs in everyday life and daily conversation is commonly practiced among the Aos. Some of the most popular proverbs used among the people are discussed here which speak about their culture and traditional wisdom. In the Ao society, many elderly persons converse with a song. Each occasion calls for the appropriate song. In the context of the traditional Ao society, songs and folklores are the major components of their discourse.Songs and folklores are major components of a non-material culture specially in the context of a traditional society. The past history of civilisation in the context of modern society can be understood better through study of oral traditions like folk songs and use of folk elements like proverbs. . It is important to preserve this oral tradition for the retention and continuity of one's culture and tradition.

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Oral tradition, Songs, proverbs, narratology, traditional society, culture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nick Szabo first used the phrase "smart contract" in 1994 to describe a software that may be programmed to carry out any task upon the satisfaction of certain predetermined criteria. Nick Szabo first used the phrase "smart contract" in 1994 to describe a software that may be programmed to carry out any task upon the satisfaction of certain predetermined criteria. Globally, public sector organizations and governments are always exploring innovative approaches to stay abreast of technological developments in order to attain cost optimization, work efficiency, and smart governance. One such method that has drawn interest from governments all around the world in recent years is blockchain technology. The blockchain can expand to another province thanks to low-cost methods, increased traceability, and enhanced security. Governments typically award contracts to private companies for various projects. Different rivals attempt to keep an eye on one other's tender values during this procedure in an effort to secure the contract. In order to approve the deal in recognition of a particular third party, the callous government officials also accept large bribes. In this initiative, we want to use blockchain technology to create a transparent and safe mechanism for allocating government contracts. Government documents that are very vulnerable to manipulation are stored on blockchain, which is a reliable and immutable data format.

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Blockchain, Edge Computing, Smart Contracts, Contract Allocation,Edge Computing,Bid,Auction System,Firebase

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Information about the identification of various medicinal plants and their uses has been obtained during the visit of Tapi district during 2020-2021.Tapi district was formed on October 2, 2007, with the separate of some taluka of Surat district, which is in the South of Gujarat state. Whose headquarters are Vyara. Tapi district is located between 21.05o North latitude and 73.20o East longitude. It has an area of about 3434.64 sq.km. This district lies in the east between Maharashtra state, Surat district on the west, Dang & Navsari on the South & Narmada district on the north, Medicinal plants found in various forests of Tapidistrict and used by tribal people are Shown. The total forest area of Tapi district is 90760.3235 ha. Songadh - Uki area in this district has thicker forests. The calculation and uses of 107 species of medicinal plants belonging to more than 27 families are shown during the visit. Of which 15 medicinal plants are mentioned here. These include species of tree(36), shrubs(26), herbs(30), Climber(10) & tubers(5) etc. This includes most of the plants of the family Fabaceae and Malvaceae.

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 Keywords

Ethno medicinal plants, Tribal, Traditional medicines, Tapi District, Gujarat

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition