Volume 11 | Issue 3

 Abstract

A solution that utilizes trusted computing and blockchain technology to provide secure node switching in the Internet of Things (IoT) for power distribution. To address the issue of mobility in mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs), we present two mobility-aware hierarchical clustering methods based on a three-layer clustering hierarchy: the mobility-aware centralized clustering algorithm (MCCA) and the mobility-aware hybrid clustering algorithm (MHCA). Simulation results demonstrate that both algorithms increase the network lifetime, decrease energy consumption, stabilize cluster formation, and increase data throughput in MWSNs. The centralised clustering strategy outperforms the hybrid clustering approach.

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negative impact of mobility on data throughput, network connectivity, and scalability

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Keywords: Collagen cross-linking, topography, keratoconus

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ABSTRACT The expansion of the subscriber base in rural regions has lagged behind that in urban ones. This difference is mostly because people in rural areas don't have good infrastructure or easy access to cheap internet services. The way their networks are set up shows how sparse and disconnected rural areas are. This information shows that the telecom industry preferred to serve cities over rural areas. It must now study the true situation in isolated areas. The slow progress of wireless technology in the rural sector is mostly due to low per capita income and a low literacy rate. To make sure that customers in rural areas get the same level of service as those in cities, national policies should be put in place to increase competition and give businesses reasons to move into rural areas. People tend to look at putting phones in rural India as a business opportunity rather than as a necessary step in building a nationwide communications infrastructure. Reasonable prices for broadband communications services can't be offered in rural areas because of things like low population density, people living far apart, and harsh topography and weather. As a way to solve these problems, people have turned to new technology, such as wireless technology.

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Infrastructure, remote regions, dispersed population.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious eye disease that affects individuals with diabetes and can lead to vision loss and blindness. Preventing vision loss requires timely recognition and therapy of DR. Currently, DR detection is performed by trained ophthalmologists using fundus images of the eye. However, due to the increasing number of individuals with diabetes, the demand for DR screening exceeds the availability of trained professionals, making it necessary to develop automated DR detection systems. We provide a unique technique to DR detection based on multitask learning in this study. The proposed model is trained on a large dataset of fundus images to perform multiple tasks simultaneously, including DR classification, gaussian blur, and grey scaling. By jointly optimizing all tasks, the model is able to make more informed predictions and improve its performance compared to traditional single-task models. Experimental results on a freely available DR dataset show that our multitask learning approach outperforms state-of-the-art DR detection models in terms of F1-score and accuracy. Additionally, the gaussian blur capabilities of the model enable it to provide visual explanations for its predictions, which can be valuable for clinicians to understand the basis for DR diagnosis. In conclusion, our proposed multi-task learning approach for DR detection demonstrates promising results and has the potential to be used as an efficient and effective screening tool for DR in a clinical setting.

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: Multi-task learning, Diabetic Retinopathy, Convolutional Neural Networks, Deep Learning, Annotated fundus images.

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Domestic Violence is a heinous crime that not only affects the victim but also our society as a whole. It might include sexual, psychological, financial, and/or physical violence that on top of adversely impacting the present generation, echoes throughout generations to come. Irrespective of one's cultural, ethnic, and socio-economic background, its reach has spread out across centuries and time zones. However, given how global this phenomenon is, the awareness and tools needed to resist it are not quite up to the mark. Here is a list of five books about domestic abuse to help everyone better understand and identify the ramifications and mechanics of domestic violence. Women have been the vulnerable section of the society. It comprises nearly half of the national population of India. But since civilization of our society women have always been treated differently, whereas men have claimed all rights they have denied them to women. They have been vulnerable to violence and exploitation such as harassment, taunts, abuses, battering, molestation, rape, dowry deaths, sati, mental and physical torture. In many countries, women are dehumanized, forcibly married, sold off and subject to all kinds of humiliation. Domestic violence is an extreme manifestation of the low social value placed on women and also an extreme form of violation of women's human rights. Women lack of understanding of rights and therefore did not recognize violence expect when severe. Also there knowledge about law was very limited. Besides these, women received threats from their husbands if they reported violence to the collective. The present paper has been prepared with a view to discuss the various issues related to the domestic violence against Women. This study tries to find out the various causes, impact and measures of domestic violence against women of two Development Block of Majuli district District of Assam.

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Generation,.Domestic Violence,Psychological,civilization,humiliation.

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Abstract Human Conflicts in Cormac McCarthy's Select Novels Literature evaluate human lives through powerful word of the authors. Here is an American writer, Cormac McCarthy has written his novels in a different perspective by using some characters by adding unacceptable behaviours and facts. This research article is the the proof for human Conflicts of modern era. Cormac McCarthy's some of the novels are discussed in this research article to show the inner character of some human beings. The characters of Cormac McCarthy are unimaginable and unpredictable. Their situation makes them to become bad and worst and some characters are being good even though in all the negative situations.

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Carmac McCarthy, Outer Dark, All the Pretty Horses

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Background of the study- Rag-pickers are always living in high risk areas; it is a source of various types of physical and psychological illnesses. Rag picking is one of the most neglected sectors in society, and they have lack of adequate information and magnitude of problems and substance abuse practices, hence the rag pickers are more prone for psychological problems. Rag pickers suffer from many problems such as skin problems, musculoskeletal problems and occupational health problems i.e. cuts, prick injuries, animal bite etc. Aim of the study- To assess the physical health problems and psychological well-being among rag pickers Methodology- A descriptive design was used to assess the physical health problems and psychological well-being among rag pickers in selected areas of district Ludhiana, Punjab. The sample of study was 200 rag pickers. Structured checklist and rating scale was used for data collection. Data was collected by interview schedule and analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results- Findings of the present study revealed that all rag pickers had at least one or more health problems. Majority 185 (92.5%) of rag pickers suffered with integumentary problems. Maximum 172 (86%) rag pickers had foul breath followed by 86 (43%) were having discolouration of teeth, 173 (86.5%) subjects reported lice in hair, 24 (12%) subjects had skin itching. Half of subjects 100 (50%) had cuts and 96 (48%) subject had prick injuries. 96 (48%) rag pickers had low psychological well-being followed by 75 (37.5%) rag pickers had moderate psychological well-being and 29 (14.5%) rag pickers had high psychological well-being. Conclusion- Present study concluded that all rag pickers had one or more physical health problems. Majority (92.5%) of rag pickers suffered with integumentary problems and (48%) rag pickers had low psychological well-being. It was found that there was significant association of musculoskeletal problems with psychological well-being and gastrointestinal problems with period of stay in slums.

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Physical health problems, Psychological well-being, Rag pickers

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This paper attempts to show how Jayanta Mohapatra delves into sensibilities and social realities through contextual imageries in his poetry. Poetry is the product of exquisite sensibility which is equivalent to the poet's ability that mirrors the reality. Indian English poetry gives prominence to Jayanta Mohapatra exposing Indian sensibility, social realities and picturizing present-day scene through indicative and startling imagery with a focus on the desolation, starvation, seclusion, and loneliness of the Indian poor with a feeling of being Indian. His dominant concerns are the vision of grief, loss, dejection and rejection through the redolent imageries from Odisha and Jagannath culture. The landscape, cultural history, social life, rites, and rituals of people from India constitute the significant body of writings. His poetic world such as 'Hunger,' 'Summer', 'Her Hand', 'Dwan at Puri' etc. reflect his attachment with native sense. Indianness is a vital element in his thoughts, feeling and imagery. It has become one of the major vocations which he treats as an intensely personal exploration. His poetry is noticeable for the depiction of typical Indian atmosphere. He has committed himself to Indian values, culture, people, and language, and Indianness have always been in his blood and writings. Mahapatra's poetry is remarkable for depth of feelings and true poetic imagination which embraces a wide variety of such themes. Mahapatra's poetry evokes intense emotional benefits out of things around him. His poetic imagination transforms the events into verse. He makes observations about how people behave in social situations and about problems. In fact, he does not relinquish creative quality while addressing socio-cultural and political issues.

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Key Words: Sensibility, Indianness, Imagery, Reality

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Handwritten text recognition is an important area of research with various applications in digitizing historical documents, improving accessibility for visually impaired individuals, and facilitating automated data entry. In this project, we propose a novel approach for handwritten text recognition using a combination of deep learning and traditional computer vision techniques. Our approach utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction and a recurrent neural network (RNN) for sequence modeling, followed by a beam search decoding algorithm. We also incorporate various pre-processing techniques such as binarization, noise removal, and skew correction to enhance the accuracy of our model. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we use the IAM Handwriting Database and achieve a word recognition accuracy of 93.7%, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods. Our approach is efficient and effective, making it suitable for real-world applications.

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Machine learning, Neural network, Handwritten text recognition

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In this article, a new medical communication scheme, protocol wireless medical sensor networks for the efficiency of healthcare (PWMSN4EoCH), shorten by (PEH), which uses hasty strategy and random network coding (RNC), is proposed. The new concept improves the performance of the healthcare network. It quickly analyzes the medical network description, focusing on some basic parameters for narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) systems in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). This PEH effectively meets the requirements prescribed for wireless telemedicine applications in which medical sensors (MSs) share the downlink and uplink resources to its neighborhood, including wireless health hubs (WHHs) and wireless base stations (WBSs) for controlling the health of the human body. The PEH scheme substantially accelerates the implementation devices of telemedicine for patient satisfaction. In contrast, the state-of-the-art technique (SoAT) scheme, which is currently used, misses the entirety of the proposed principle. The proposed scheme is compared with the SoAT in terms of message size (bytes), roundtrip time (RTT) (ms), overall network capacity (ONC) (bytes/s, and delivery delay (DD) in ms. Our investigation has proved that the RTT, ONC, and DD of the proposed PEH are much better than the SoAT schemes, achieving 64%, 66%, and 71%, respectively. The simulation studies clearly indicate that the PEH introduces more than 64% performance enhancement over the SoAT scheme.

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Internet of Things, Random Network Coding, Telemedicine, Viral disease, Wireless Medical Sensor Networks.

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Ayurveda divides the physiological functions of the human body into three categories: Dosha, Dhatu, and plus Mala. These are the basic building blocks of the body. They are fed by Sara portion made from Dhatu and Dhatuvaha Srotas' nutritional fluid. It implies they weren't created using Ahara Rasa directly. Significant physiological units known as Updhatus are produced from Dhatus and identical to Dhatus in structure, function, and natural characteristics. Astanga Sangrahakara classifies these aspects as "Prasadaja" elements. All of the Upadhatus were originally explained in the Samhita by Kala Charaka Samhita in a single Sutra. There are seven Dhatus and their Updhatus in the human body. In the human body, there are seven Dhatus and their Updhatus. Artva (Menstrual blood, Ovum) is a Updhatu of the Rasa Dhatu that is vital for female reproductive health. It alludes to the reproductive system in women, which has a particular purpose. Nowadays, it is referred to as "Menses" in terminology. The physiology of menstruation in Ayurveda will be examined in this topic. In this instance, "Bahipushpa" is taken to refer to menstruation. It is essential for Artava to be "Shuddha," or normal in nature, for the growth of Garbha. Every woman should have a basic awareness of Rajapravrutti because it has a detrimental effect on women's health. These days, maintaining good female health is essential. This topic will include the definition of Artava, several types of Artava, Shudha lakshana, Artava Pravrutti Kala, Artava Matra, Panchbhautikatwa, Artava Nivrutti Kala, Artavadarshanam, opinions of Acharyas regarding Artava, and more.

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Ayurveda, Artava, Dhatu, Updhatu, Menstruation etc.

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Today, smart grid, smart homes, smart water networks, intelligent transportation, are infrastructure systems that connect our world more than we ever thought possible. The common vision of such systems is usually associated with one single concept, the Internet of Things (IoT), where using sensors, the entire physical infrastructure is closely coupled with information and communication technologies; where intelligent monitoring and management can be achieved via the usage of networked embedded devices. These devices will connect to internet to share different types of data. We have proposed an Industrial Monitoring System using WIFI module and sensing based applications for internet of things. By detecting the values of sensors, it can easily find out the Temperature, humidity, over load and gas present in the industrial area.

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Protection

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Several obstacles must be overcome for oral drug delivery systems in order to sustain drug release and prolong the time the medication remains in the gastrointestinal tract until it has been completely ingested. After a certain amount of time, fully released When the stomach is empty, a process known as gastric emptying takes place. It could be quite helpful for athletes who are experiencing gastrointestinal issues. There is a window for nutrient absorption in the upper small intestine. Drugs that are poorly soluble or unstable in intestinal fluids might benefit greatly from floating microspheres that improve drug retention and enable prolonged action in the stomach. Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) float in the stomach for a long time because of their lower bulk density than gastric fluids. Due to the possibility that floating microspheres in the stomach may lengthen a medication's retention time, the effects of the drug may remain longer. As a result, a longer drug retention time and a slower metabolism are required to assure long-term efficacy. FDDS dose forms are effective in situations of constipation and hyperactive bowel movement to elicit a significantly better reaction. Floating drug delivery systems (FDDSs) are helpful in these circumstances. They are anticipated to float on the stomach's contents for a considerable amount of time. Gastro retentive dosage forms are available in a variety of formats, such as tablets and capsules. Hollow microspheres are garnering a lot of interest due to their numerous potential uses in medicine delivery. Due to the drug substance being uniformly dispersed throughout the stomach juice, this prevents the drug from being released too soon. This review's objective is to examine floating microspheres approach in Gastro-retentive Drug Delivery System

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Floating drug delivery systems (FDDSs), Floating microspheres, Gastro retentive dosage forms, Gastro-retentive Drug Delivery System.

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Abstract Ecofeminism as a third-wave feminist movement focuses on the interlinkages between nature and women and tries to analyse critically the domination of women and the exploitation of nature. In the early stages, the feminist movement was limited to men and women but later on, after a deep analysis of the issues some feminists find that this problem is associated not only with men and women but also with the environment. The ecofeminists find women's liberation is not possible unless men's immoral treatment of the environment is not resolved. They are against patriarchal domination and value dualism thus, they set their main goal i.e., the 'decentralisation of power'. The main objection of the ecofeminist against patriarchy is that in the patriarchal lens firstly, they apply the same derogatory language against women and nature, and secondly, women and nature both are treated as 'objects' in the hand of patriarchy and in this way the intrinsic value of both women and nature is denied. The reason that ecofeminists find over here is the 'logic of dualism'. So this paper shall try to analyse how ecofeminists address the patriarchal domination over women and nature, and whether they achieve their project at all or is it still elusive.

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Ecofeminism, Third-wave feminism, women-nature relationship.

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Electricity theft is a significant challenge faced by power companies and governments. It not only impacts the economy and growth of a country but also affects domestic, agricultural, and industrial settings where electricity is a basic necessity. Unfortunately, the prevalence of electricity theft is on the rise, and it has become a non-negligible crime. If appropriate actions are not taken to address this issue, future generations will have no scope of living in light, peace, and harmony. To minimize electricity theft, a system is designed using an Arduino Uno, ESP-01 ESP8266 serial WIFI wireless transceiver module, ACS712 current sensors, GPS Neo-6M, GSM SIM800L, and other components. The system aims to reduce the illegal use of electricity and detect any theft that may occur and triggering appropriate actions. The ACS712 detects current usage, and the ESP-01 sends the data to the Thingspeak IoT platform. This platform collects the data, which can be used to monitor and analyze electricity usage. The GPS Neo-6M helps to identify the location of the theft, and the GSM SIM800L enables communication to notify the authorities. Overall, this project aims to minimize the issue of electricity theft and ensure the efficient use of electricity, which is essential for the economic growth and well-being of a nation.

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current sensor, GPS Neo-6m, GSM SIM800L, IOT, ESP-01, Arduino uno.

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Lung cancer is a common cause of death for people all over the world. The most prevalent type of lung cancer has a significant fatality rate. Lung cancer screening can help identify cancer at an early stage if the sickness is recognized and treated while it is still in its early stages. As a result, early detection of lung cancer increases patients' chances of survival. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the lungs may be more accurate than X-rays and MRIs in detecting the presence of cancer. The lungs are scanned, and images are obtained using DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). We apply a range of preprocessing techniques to enhance and smooth images. In this study, the region of interest for the lung tumor is segmented using edge detection and thresholding (ROI). Finally, we compute several geometrical features of the retrieved ROI using Support Vector Machine and classify them into benign and malignant severity levels (SVM). supervised machine learning methods called SVM classifiers are used to categorize data. They have the advantage of handling tiny samples of high dimensional data. Performance of the SVM is assessed using each feature as an input. As a result, a system that employs image processing techniques is used to diagnose lung cancer in CT scans.

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Lung Cancer Detection, Lung Malignant Growth, Lung Diseases

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Skin diseases are a significant public health issue, affecting millions of people globally. Early and accurate diagnosis of these diseases is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of their spread. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in image classification and recognition tasks. Support vector machines (SVMs) are also widely used for classification tasks. In this study, we propose a skin disease diagnosis system that combines the strengths of CNNs and SVMs. Our approach involves training a CNN to extract features from skin lesion images, which are then used as input to the SVM classifier for classification. The CNN model is trained on a large dataset of skin lesion images, and the SVM model is trained on the extracted features from the CNN. The experimental results showed that our proposed method achieved higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity compared to other methods, demonstrating its effectiveness in skin disease diagnosis. In conclusion, our proposed skin disease diagnosis system based on CNN and SVM techniques provides a reliable and accurate tool for early and effective skin disease diagnosis, which could have significant implications for the management and treatment of these conditions.

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Pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, ,Skin diseases, Computer Vision.

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This approch is to estimate amount of pesticides in water samples based on reduction behaviour on the surface of working electrode by using adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Carbon nano tubes paste electrodes used as working electrodes. Water samples of different regions are collected and investigated for persistence of pesticides.

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Pesticides, Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry, Carbon Nano Tubes Paste Electrodes Water Samples.

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This study has been undertaken to determine the prevalence of neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 recovered patients of Vadodara district. Background: Three outbreaks connected to newly emerging coronaviruses have been distinguished in the last two decades. The COVID-19 pandemic brought attention to the SARS CoV-2 infection's , it's neurological side effects and increased concern about coronaviruses' potential neuropathogenicity. The objective of this review was to give a brief overview of whether the COVID-19 infection results in any neurological impairment? We are using neurological impairment for this purpose. Aim : To Determine The Prevalence Of Neurological Dysfunction In Covid-19 Recovered Patients Of Vadodara District. Methodology: 147 patient were included in the study depending on the inclusion and exclusion criteria .This subjects were asked to fill the NIS scale depending on the symptoms and severity. Depending on the data collected statistical analysis was done using percentage frequency to determine the neurological dysfunction encountered by patients post COVID. Result: Results showed that most of the patients showed neurological involvement post COVID-19 in which most likely had an impact on the QoL ratings on the Neurological Impairment Scale (NIS), particularly those related to the "MOTOR," "TONE/JOINT RANGE," "COGNITIVE FUNCTION" , "MOOD" , "FATIGUE" and "pain/discomfort" domains.

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COVID-19 , Neurological Dysfunction , SARS CoV-2, Infection, Neurological Impairment Scale (NIS) , Patients

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A product categorised under the category of medical textiles is wet wipes. A wet wipe is a cloth-like product that has been moistened and is intended for a variety of cleaning tasks and it can also used to cure rashes and skin allergy. They are frequently used to clean surfaces and other things that require the gentle touch of a cloth that is typically tenderer. They are constructed of soft constituents, with variety of functions, including as baby wipes and facial tissues. Materials like cotton, viscose, polyester, polyethylene, and others are used to make them. The choice of substrate for wet wipes is made depending on durability and price. Synthetic fibres have a significant drawback in that they are non-degradable, which means they never actually decompose leads to pollution in land and water. Commercially available wet wipes may flushable or disposable, making them simple to use. This study discusses adopting an environmentally friendly product and switching to wet wipes made of natural fibres sugarcane bagasse and wood pulp as a way to get around this. Sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) is a natural fibre that is sustainable and has several advantageous qualities, including being soft, light, breathable, and cellulosic. The fundamental benefit of employing bagasse is that it is a pure waste product that can be used in any application with just a few straightforward treatments. A variety of paper-based products are made from wood pulp, which is a type of material produced by processing wood that has been harvested from trees. The wood is processed through a variety of steps to produce paper products, such as disposable paper plates, paper towels, baby wipes, and other typical home items, as end product. Acalypha indica leaf powder is used in Siddha medicine to treat various diseases. It is said to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Moreover, herbal finishes are put on the tissues. The plant is then combined to create the medicinal textiles, which may also have antimicrobial characteristics.

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Wet wipes, Sugarcane bagasse, Wood pulp, Acalypha indica

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