Volume 12 | Issue 3

 Abstract

Renewable energy is one of the main forms of energy sources in today's world, with solar energy being the most popular because of its abundance and easy access to solar panels. With so many solar panels in use, disposal of them after their lifetime is a hassle and results in wastage of important components. This paper gives the profile of solar panel recycling and way to utilize the important components in a solar panel after its lifetime. This technology helps us to utilize important components from a solar panel or even re-use the whole panel using solar cell technology. Metals like Silver, Lead can be restored and re-used saving precious resources and capital cost. Proper recycling also helps to prevent environmental pollution.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solar panel, Renewable energy, Recycling, Environmental pollution.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

From the time when the onset of the global pandemic in early 2020, coronavirus disease in the year 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a mass challenge to health care systems all over the world. In order to fight from these challenges and to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies, it becomes of principal importance to explain the pathophysiology of this illness. Many researchers have concluded one key pathologic component associated with infection severity and course, termed as an immunothrombrosis. This appeared as a dominant pathological process impairing morbidity and mortality in acute- and long-COVID-19 infections after 2 years of Covid-19 exposure. The hypercoagulable state is due in part to immune system disturb regulation, inflammation and cellular damage, as well as a reduction in defence systems. One defence mechanism in particular is glutathione (GSH), a ubiquitously found antioxidant. GSH is a vital antioxidant that naturally produce in our body and works to limit the levels of dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). The group of adverse effects caused by virus as a result of GSH depletion in states like COVID-19 suggest that GSH reduction is a dominant mechanism of immunothrombosis. It is quite difficult to compare these health issues as side effects of vaccination or it is due to Covid-19 infection, because large proportion of vaccinated individuals with double dose and booster dose are facing different health issues after two years of Covid-19 exposure as per our publication (Sarfaraz Hanfi, et al., 2024). The group of adverse health effects as a result of GSH depletion in conditions like COVID-19 suggest that GSH reduction is a dominant mechanism of immunothrombosis and other related health issues. We aim to observe and conclude the fluctuation in GSH level of post COVID-19 survivors with compare to Non Covid-19 individual's and the level of GSH towards Covid-19 vaccinated and Non-vaccinated subjects. GSH is most important antioxidant that naturally produce in our body it works to limit the levels of dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Decreased levels of GSH and elevated levels of ROS have been associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis which shows major health issues in elderly aged as well as young individuals. (Silvagno F, et al., 2020). Proper diet high in antioxidants, physical exercise and routine health check-up are required to ease the risk of many diseases (including Heart disease, Arthritis and some cancers). Dietary antioxidants help to prevent and reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

GSH (Blood Glutathione), Immunothrombrosis, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species),

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper explores the profound influence of government policy on the burgeoning startup ecosystem in India. The study is anchored in the hypothesis that proactive and supportive government policies significantly enhance the growth and sustainability of startups. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the paper analyses data from a variety of sources, including surveys of startup founders, interviews with policy makers, and a review of existing literature on startup ecosystems globally and in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

India Startup, Government of India, Startup Policy, Market Impact,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Indian government has launched multiple initiatives to support startups, aiming to foster innovation and economic growth. Key programs include Startup India, which offers tax benefits and easier compliance; Atal Innovation Mission to promote entrepreneurship; Make in India and Digital India to boost manufacturing and digital infrastructure; and financial assistance schemes like MUDRA and Fund of Funds for Startups. These efforts are geared towards creating a conducive ecosystem for startups, providing them with the necessary resources and easing regulatory hurdles to spur innovation and employment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian Startup, Government Initiatives, Government Schemes, Digital India

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The landscape of entrepreneurship in India has witnessed a remarkable transformation over recent years, with an increasing presence of women-led startups contributing to the country's economic growth and innovation. This study aims to explore the critical success factors and challenges faced by these enterprises, shedding light on the unique entrepreneurial journey of women in India. The success factors identified include access to funding through targeted grants and venture capital, strong support networks, mentorship programs specifically designed for women entrepreneurs, and the ability to leverage digital platforms to reach wider markets. Challenges are multifaceted, ranging from gender bias and limited access to capital, to balancing work and family responsibilities, and navigating a traditionally male-dominated business landscape. The study also highlights the importance of government policies and initiatives designed to support women entrepreneurs, such as startup incubation centers and tax benefits. By analyzing the experiences of successful women-led startups, this study provides valuable insights into the strategies that can help overcome these challenges, contributing to a more inclusive and equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian Startup, Women Startup, Women Entrepreneurship, Startup Culture

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Indian startup ecosystem is thriving, fueled by digitalization, a fintech boom, sustainability initiatives, EdTech growth, and HealthTech innovation. Local solutions address global challenges, supported by government initiatives and a surge in venture capital. Collaborations enhance innovation, and the rise of unicorns signals ecosystem maturation. These trends reflect a blend of technology, entrepreneurship, and policy support, positioning Indian startups for global impact and exponential growth.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian Startup, Venture Capital, Startup Ecosystem, Startup Growth

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper investigates the job satisfaction levels among teachers in government-aided and self-financed colleges within Pratapgarh District. Job satisfaction is a critical aspect of the teaching profession, influencing teacher motivation, performance, and overall well-being. The study aims to compare the job satisfaction levels between teachers in government-aided and self-financed colleges and identify factors contributing to differences, if any. Using a mixed-methods approach, data will be collected through surveys and analysed to determine the factors influencing job satisfaction among teachers. A carefully selected sample of 45 teachers from government-aided and self-financed colleges will participate in the study. Specialized questionnaires focusing on various dimensions of job satisfaction will be administered, and statistical methods such as t-tests, f-ratios, and correlation coefficients will be employed to analyse the collected data. The findings of this study will provide insights into the job satisfaction levels among teachers in different types of colleges within Pratapgarh District. Understanding these differences can inform educational policymakers, administrators, and stakeholders about areas needing attention to enhance teacher satisfaction and overall quality of education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Job satisfaction, Teachers, t-tests, f-ratios and correlation coefficients.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are key drivers of economic growth, providing employment opportunities, increasing competition and productivity, and facilitating innovation. To ensure their continued success and contribution to the economy, governments and other stakeholders need to implement effective strategies that address the challenges faced by SMEs. This paper will discuss some of the current strategies being used to develop the contribution of SMEs to the economy, including the promotion of access to finance, the improvement of business infrastructure and the provision of targeted education and training programs. The paper will also outline the potential benefits of these strategies and discuss the challenges that must be addressed to ensure their success. One of the main obstacles faced by small and medium-sized enterprises is the difficulty of obtaining financing. Governments can support SMEs by introducing economic reforms that increase access to finance for SMEs. This could include providing government-backed loans and guarantees, creating venture capital funds, and reducing the regulatory burden. Governments and other stakeholders should provide training and education programs to help SMEs develop their capacity and skills. This could include providing tailored business advice, training on digital technologies, and access to markets. Governments should create an environment where innovation is encouraged. This could include setting up incubators and accelerators, providing grants and tax incentives, and developing regulations that support the development of innovative SMEs. Governments can help SMEs to access domestic and international markets. This could include providing trade finance, creating marketplaces, and reducing tariffs and other barriers to trade.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words: - 1.Business Incubation 2.Financial Incentives 3.Tax Reliefs 4.Access to Credit 5.Access to Markets 6.Export Promotion 7.Training and Education 8.Networking and Mentoring 9.Technology Innovation 10.Regulatory Reforms

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Music chord recognition is an essential task in music analysis and understanding, and machine learning has been shown to be an effective approach for accomplishing this task. The survey reviews different approaches to chord recognition, including supervised and unsupervised learning, deep learning, and feature-based methods. It explores the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and compares their performances in various datasets. Additionally, the survey discusses the challenges and future directions for research in this area, including improving accuracy and robustness of the models, developing new evaluation metrics, and exploring new applications of chord recognition in music processing and analysis. Overall, the survey provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in chord recognition using machine learning, offering a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working in this field.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chord, Conversion, Machine Learning, Music.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that mostly affects joints. RA occurs when the immune system, which normally helps protect the body from infection and disease, attacks the lining of the joints, which damages the tissue that covers the ends of the bones in a joint. As per the conventional Unani system of medicine Waja ul Mafasil occur in different joints caused by derangement of body's natural humours. Many complications can follow such as permanent joint damage requiring arthroplasty, rheumatoid vasculitis when timely not diagnosed.As there is no cure for RA, the treatment goals are to reduce joint inflammation and pain, maximize joint function, and prevent joint destruction and deformity, palliative treatment is the only option. Treatment options in Modern medicine have various adverse effects, Unani medicine in its literature possess numerous treatment regimens for Rheumatoid arthritis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Rheumatoid arthritis, Waja ul Mafasil, Unani Medicine

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Globally, the rank of India in the production of rice is second in the world after China. Rice is the most significant crop in Assam, which accounts for 2.54 million hectares of the overall planted area of 4.16 million ha. Early harvesting could open up opportunities for extra revenues through farming of short duration vegetable crops in the gap between two major crops i.e. paddy and wheat. The use of mechanized power for agriculture purpose reduces not just the hardship faced by the farmers under traditional manual practices but also speeds up agricultural processes, saves cost and enhances agricultural productivity. Various types of paddy harvesters are already available in market which are bulky and are costly. Considering the topographical scenario of paddy farms in Jorhat district of Assam, the performance of self-propelled reaper cum binder was evaluated. The cutting width was found to be 1828.8mm, with fuel consumption 3-4.5 l/ha, and the working efficiency was found to be 4046.86 m2/h. The Effective working width is 620mm, effective field capacity as 0.0823ha/h and the field efficiency as 99.15%. The machine was found suitable to be used in Assam condition considering the moisture present during the harvesting of paddy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Harvesting, Paddy, Harvester, Reaper, Reaper cum Binder.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nexus A.I. is an innovative conversational AI system that seamlessly merges natural language processing (NLP) and text generation techniques. By harnessing the power of the OpenAI API and user-friendly speech recognition libraries, Nexus A.I. delivers dynamic text and voice responses and intelligent conversations with ease. It showcases practical AI-driven interactions while laying the foundation for future enhancements. In the rapidly evolving landscape of AI, Nexus A.I. stands out as a user-centric contribution to conversational AI systems, offering versatile interaction capabilities through both voice and text modalities. Leveraging advanced NLP algorithms and machine learning techniques, Nexus A.I. personalizes the user experience by understanding individual preferences and tailoring responses accordingly. Continuous improvement mechanisms, driven by user feedback and usage data, ensure that Nexus A.I. evolves over time to meet evolving user needs, promising a seamless and adaptable user experience in the long term.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Natural Language Processing(NLP), OpenAI API, Speech Recognition, Conversational AI , User-Centric Interaction.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In all major Samhita, Bhagandara is considered under Ashtamahagada1 with seven other diseases due to its arduous nature. Its clinical features, described in classical literature are similar with Fistula-in-ano. In Bhagandara there is a Pidika occurs around Guda Kshetra, when bursts, it called as Bhagandara. There are different kind of treatment mentioned in ayurvedic classics like Eashana, Paatana, Kshara, Agni etc. and finally it treated as Vrana and for minimize the time of healing of Vrana, many remedies are described. So we selected the Saindhavadi Taila for present study which has good result by reducing the healing time in the management of Bhagandara Vrana.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fistula in ano, Bhagandara Vrana, Saindhavadi Taila

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Plants provide valuable medicinal chemicals with significant potential in the pharmaceutical sector. The study aims to determine the phytochemical composition of therapeutic plants and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study was undertaken with an objective of testing the antimicrobial and antioxidative properties of Alstonia Scholaris leaves and identifying the bioactive compound . Alstonia scholaris R. Br, a part of the Apocynaceae family, is a plant utilised in conventional medicine. The research aims to qualitatively examine and compare the initial phytochemical components present in the Alstonia scholaris leaves. The qualitative Phytochemical screening indicates the existence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, phenols, and tannins in the leaf extracts. Analysed the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Alstonia scholaris leaf extracts in vitro. The antibacterial efficacy of extract of leaves was assessed using an alcoholic extract to ascertain the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for both positive and negative pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, using disk diffusion method. Methanolic extract from leaf of Alstonia scholaris showed potential antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. Plant extracts' antioxidant activity was assessed by FRAP. The plant extracts exhibited strong antioxidant action against FRAP. The Alstonia scholaris extracts exhibited notable antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 31.25 to 1000 ug/ml, and demonstrated bactericidal activity against all tested species. The analysed extracts of medicinal plants in our research have the potential to serve as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and as sources for creating novel pharmaceuticals.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Alstonia scholaris R., Microbial activity, Antioxidant activity, Agar well diffusion method

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sports broadcasting rights are a vital connection between the sports industry and basic rights, encapsulating a complex interplay of legal, economic, and societal considerations. Important considerations for finding a fine balance between private interests, individual rights, and economic interests are raised by this intricate relationship at the intersection of intellectual property rights, public access, and freedom of speech. On the one hand, broadcasting rights are an example of intellectual property since they recognize the financial commitments made by organizations in producing and disseminating sports material. The preservation of these rights is essential to sustaining the financial viability of the sports industry, promoting innovation, and maintaining the standard of athletic events.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Broadcast, sports, media rights, intellectual property

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In Kashmir, the majority of Muslims are Sunni. Whereas Shias account for between 20% and 25% of the Muslim population, who mostly reside in north and central Kashmir. They refer to themselves as "Koshur" in their mother language. As, it was a tradition that the state patronage by way of Madad-i- Maash, grants and stipends etc, was extended to the sufis saints, scholars, theologians and others ever since the establishment of Muslim rule in Kashmir. It attracted many people of significance, piety and intellect from outside Kashmir. Mir Shamas-ud Din Iraqi came to Kashmir in A.D1481 as an envoy of Timurid Sultan Husain Mirza of Herat (Afghanistan 1469-506)) to the court of Sultan Hasan Shah (1472- 84). He was a votary of the Nurbakshi belief and he introduced it in the valley. There are many contradictory reports about Shamas al- Din Iraqi and his mission. According to Mohammad al-Din Fauq, "Iraqi was a Shia."

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Shia- Sunni interaction in Kashmir during the Mughal Period

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The concept of Unpublished Price Sensitive Information (UPSI) is pivotal in understanding and regulating insider trading activities in India. Defined under Rule 2(n) of the SEBI PIT Regulations, 2015, UPSI encompasses a broad spectrum of confidential data pertaining to a company's financial performance, strategic decisions, and other material developments. This paper explores the legal framework surrounding UPSI, landmark judgments, notable observations from insider trading cases, and recent developments in SEBI regulations. Through an analysis of cases such as Mrs. Chandrakala vs. SEBI and PVP Global Ventures, this paper delves into the complexities of proving insider trading violations, emphasizing the interplay between market behaviors, informational dynamics, and legal requirements. Key considerations include the presumption of possession of UPSI, trading patterns based on UPSI, and the distinction between generally available information (GAI) and UPSI. Furthermore, recent developments such as SEBI's consultation paper proposing changes to the definition of UPSI highlight the ongoing efforts to enhance regulatory effectiveness in combating insider trading. The paper also discusses the implications of including material events from Regulation 30 of the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 within the scope of UPSI, potentially leading to indefinite trading halts for certain individuals. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of UPSI regulation in India, addressing legal ambiguities, landmark judgments, and evolving regulatory approaches aimed at ensuring market integrity and investor protection.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Insider Trading, India, Emerging Markets, Indian Judiciary, Emerging Markets, SEBI, PIT Regulations, UPSI, Stock Market.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study has been undertaken to the development of a deep learning-based system for predicting tomato leaf diseases, which are particularly significant in the agricultural industry due to the crop's high commercial value and contribution to food security. The proposed system utilizes a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning. The system determines plant health and predicts the specific disease if present.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Deep learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Transfer learning,Image Preprocessing, Tomato leaf disease, Early detection, Web application, Agricultural productivity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the efficiency of a multiplier for image blending applications by employing the Dadda multiplier architecture. The proposed design incorporates an efficient approximate compressors-based module and integrates an error-correcting module, contributing to a judicious trade-off between computational efficiency and accuracy. Notably, the error-correcting module achieves substantial compensation, reducing errors from 36.30% to 28.69%. Leveraging the inherent high-speed and low-power characteristics of the Dadda multiplier, the proposed architecture optimizes hardware complexity while maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy. Through comprehensive simulations and analysis, this validates the multiplier's effectiveness in real-time image blending scenarios, highlighting its potential for applications where computational speed and precision are critical.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dadda multiplier; Approximate Compressors; Error Correcting Module

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Betel leaves, derived from the Piper betle plant, have been utilized for centuries across various cultures for their medicinal, cultural, and social significance. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the bioactive compounds found in betel leaves and their pharmacological properties. Betel leaves contain a plethora of phytochemicals including phenols, alkaloids, tannins, and essential oils, which contribute to their diverse biological activities. These bioactive constituents exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, and gastroprotective properties, among others. Additionally, betel leaves possess analgesic, wound healing, and oral hygiene benefits. This review explores the mechanisms of action underlying these pharmacological effects, highlighting their potential therapeutic applications. Furthermore, considerations regarding toxicity, dosage, and formulation strategies are discussed. Overall, betel leaves represent a promising source of natural compounds with significant pharmacological potential, warranting further research to elucidate their mechanisms of action and optimize their therapeutic use.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

piper betle, medicinal use, anti-oxidant, Pharmacological activity, Paan ka patta

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition