Volume 12 | Issue 3

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Aim and Objective: Most conventional oral drug products, such as tablets and capsules, are formulated to release the active drug immediately after oral administration, to obtain rapid and complete systemic drug absorption and onset of accompanying pharmacodynamic effects. The term modified release drug product is used to describe that alter the timing and or the rate of release of the drug substances. The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the sustained release matrix tablet of venlafaxine hydrochloride. Methods: Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a structurally novel antidepressant for oral administration. It is widely prescribed for the treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Venlafaxine hydrochloride is currently available as immediate release tablet and as an extended release capsules under the brand names of Effexor (WYETH AYERST) and Effexor XR (WYETH AYERST). The biological half-life of venlafaxine very short (5 h) and the dose is to be taken 2-3 times a day and the recommended maximum daily dose is 75-450 mg/day. Results: Venlafaxine hydrochloride is an antidepressant and so it is to be taken for quite a long period. Hence, to reduce the dosing frequency, simple, lower cost sustained release tablets of venlafaxine were preferred for the development.

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Venlafaxine hydrochloride, Controlled Release, Dissolution Testing, Analysis.

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A massage always energizes the body from the inside out and has many other advantages. It may be advantageous for anyone experiencing body or muscular fatigue. If you have certain regions of your body that hurts an ayurvedic massage is a great option. People who work in corporate environment, certainly need a massage because their muscles are not used much unless they exercise or perform other strenuous tasks. For those who play sports, massage treatment can help stay injury free and feel energized. The body can get hurt when it moves vigorously, the muscles and other body components can feel less tense after receiving an ayurvedic massage. Ayurvedic sports massage is a great way to support and feed internal organs and tissues. Ayurvedic sports massage is one of the several ayurvedic treatments available to athletes.

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Ayurvedic sports massage, Panchakarma, Therapy, Therapeutic.

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Background: The rate of deceased donations in India is currently between 0.05 and 0.08 per million population. The National Organ and Tissue Transplant Programme has developed plans for raising awareness and developing capacity in order to enhance organ donation. There is a need that knowledge and attitudes regarding organ donation among the population be initiated to promoting awareness and increasing donation rates.1 Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Program (STP) on enhancing organ donation knowledge and attitudes among first-year B.Sc. Nursing students at at a selected college, Punjab, India Material and Methods: This quantitative study was conducted among B.Sc. Nursing (First Year) students selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique from a selected college, Punjab, India.The study employed a single group pre-test and post-test pre-experimental research design. Tools used were self-structured knowledge questionnaire and a five point Likert scale for attitude. Results: In the pretest, 54% of the sample had good knowledge, and 42% had average knowledge. After the structured teaching program, 98% gained excellent knowledge, with 2% maintaining good knowledge. Initially, 74% had a positive attitude, and 26% had a neutral attitude. Post-program, 26% shifted from neutral to positive attitude. The pretest overall mean score was 10.60 (SD 2.129), increasing in the post-test to 17.620 (SD 1.2103). Pretest attitude mean was 59.56 (SD 6.058), rising to 62.06 (SD 4.137) post-test, with a significant 't' value of 3.667 at P<0.05. The results indicate a substantial improvement in awareness and positivity post-education on organ donation.

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knowledge, attitude, organ donation, structured teaching programme, B.Sc. Nursing Students

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The goal of the current study was to create transdermal patches that would serve as an alternative dosage form for the parenteral proton pump inhibitor (PPI), which is currently used to treat peptic ulcers through oral administration.

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..

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Nowadays, in computer networks, the routing is based on the shortest path problem. This will help in minimizing the overall costs of setting up computer networks. New technologies such as map-related systems are also applying the shortest path problem. Optimization network routes using graph theory involves analyzing network structures as graphs and applying algorithms to find the most efficient paths or configuration. In this work we have study and analysis the Djikstras' Algorithm, Floyd-Warshall's Algorithm, Bellman-Ford Algorithm, Breadth-First Search (BFS), Johnsons Algorithms. These algorithms are used in different routing techniques in networking like Mobile ad-hoc, V-ad-hoc, sensor network etc. This work also aims to promote additional investigate on topics of route optimization and concludes with several suggestion for further research.

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Djikstras' Algorithm, Optimization network routes, V-ad-hoc.

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The implementation of e-Governance brings forth numerous benefits such as increased efficiency and accessibility. However, it also presents significant security and privacy challenges that must be addressed to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of government data and services. This abstract explores the key challenges faced in e-Governance security and privacy, drawing on recent data and trends. Data breaches and cyberattacks targeting government systems have been on the rise, with a report from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) indicating a 25% increase in such incidents over the past year. These attacks not only jeopardize sensitive citizen information but also undermine public trust in government services. Additionally, the proliferation of digital platforms and the collection of vast amounts of personal data raise concerns about privacy infringement and potential misuse. Furthermore, the adoption of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain introduces novel security vulnerabilities that must be carefully managed. A study by the International Data Corporation (IDC) indicates a 30% increase in security incidents related to these technologies in the context of e-Governance. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach, including robust cybersecurity measures, stringent data protection regulations, and ongoing risk assessments. By prioritizing security and privacy in e-Governance implementation, governments can foster trust, protect citizen rights, and ensure the successful delivery of digital services.

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e-Governance, Security, Privacy, Data breaches, Cyberattacks, etc.

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Bibliometric Analysis, Intellectual Capital, Network Visualization, Science mapping Analysis, Performance analysis, Cluster Analysis, Thematic Analysis

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Abstract: Ecosystems, local communities, and the sustainability of the planet are seriously threatened by environmental crime, which includes illegal activities that take advantage of, harm, or trade natural resources for financial gain. This essay examines the idea of environmental crime, covering its definition, offenders, and reasons for committing it. It explores the issue of corporate greenwashing and looks at the negative effects of corporate ecological crime on society and the environment. The study also examines the repercussions of ignoring environmental responsibilities, prominent cases of environmental crimes, methods for determining corporate culpability, and suggestions for improving environmental legislation to prosecute these offenses successfully. The chapter also offers an introduction that emphasizes the significance and ramifications of environmental crime and sets the scene for comprehending it. It talks about the serious repercussions of ignoring environmental responsibilities and stresses how quickly these problems must be resolved. To further highlight the scope and gravity of the issue, the chapter also looks at well-known instances of environmental infractions. The chapter also examines methods for determining corporate culpability for environmental offenses, taking into mind the difficulties in making businesses answerable for their deeds. The legal frameworks and difficulties involved in prosecuting corporate environmental offenders are covered. In order to successfully prevent and discourage environmental crimes, the chapter concludes with recommendations for strengthening environmental legislation and enforcement procedures. In order to prevent environmental crime and advance sustainable development, it highlights the significance of cooperation between governments, law enforcement agencies, non-governmental organizations, and enterprises.

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Environment Violation, Corporate Liability, Neglecting Environmental Responsibility

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Concrete is third most widely used material in world and cement is major ingredient of it. One ton cement production cause emission of one ton of CO2 gas which is harmful to environment. ALCCOFINE is a new generation supplementary cementitious material (SCM) with a built-in high tech content which can be used as cement replacement. In this thesis, it is proposed to study the Alccofine based high performance concrete with various proportions. M60 grade of concrete is planned to study by their mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and compared with conventional concrete. Cement is replaced with Alccofine with percentages varying from 5% to 20% at an interval of 5%. For all the tests, standard experiments are followed to determine the properties as per Indian standards. The results are presented and discussed.

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Alccofine, Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Split Tensile strength

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Depression is a persistently depressed state that interferes with normal daily activities. Research reveals that the chance of developing depression can be enhanced by life Occurrences including impoverishment, the death of a loved one, physical disease, or trauma. It is frequently brought on by a combination of hereditary, cognitive disorders and Circumstance's variables. The aim of the research is know the chronic depression patient's opinion about their treatment and its associated problems. Descriptive research design was used to collect the information and facts about the attitude and insight of chronic depressive patients at Athma Hospitals, Trichy. This study deals with difficulties faced by the patients in all aspects (personal, professional & economical) due to long term medication. The aim of the research is know the chronic depression patient's opinion about their treatment and its associated problems. From this study, the findings show that all respondents expressed that social support is very important for patients' treatment prognosis, some have expressed that compared to olden days, awareness about mental health issues have been improved in our society & women are highly prone to depression. Reaching the efforts of government & NGO's with regard to mental health services needs improvement. The existing services are sufficient to serve the people but reach has to be improved.

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Chronic depression, Treatment, Patients' opinion, Associated problems of depression

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This study reports on the solvent-free, one-pot multicomponent synthesis of heterocyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-thiones (THPMs) using ZrOCl2. The versatile and an efficient method is described for the solvent free synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones proceed through one-pot multi component condensation of ethyl acetoacetate, an aryl aldehydes, and thiourea promoted by ZrOCl2as a Lew's acid catalyst. The titled derivatives can be evaluated by advance spectroscopic data such as IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and LCMS. The present methodology enhances majority of advantages such as high yields, relatively short reaction times, mild reaction condition, and easy work up. The experimental design method is used to optimize variables like temperature, catalyst quantity, and reaction time

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Ethylacetoacetate, Aryl aldehydes, Thiourea, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, ZrOCl28H2O

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In today's era of economic volatility, the desire for early retirement and financial independence has become increasingly prevalent. "Escape the Rat Race: A Guide to Early Retirement and Financial Independence" presents a comprehensive roadmap for individuals seeking to break free from the constraints of traditional employment and achieve financial autonomy. This guide navigates readers through the intricacies of financial planning, offering practical advice on budgeting, saving, investing, and living a fulfilling life beyond the confines of a 9-to-5 job. The journey towards financial independence begins with a clear understanding of the concept itself. Financial independence is defined as the ability to sustain one's desired lifestyle without relying on a traditional job, achieved when passive income surpasses expenses. Assessing one's current financial situation is paramount, involving a meticulous evaluation of income, expenses, assets, and liabilities. By establishing a target financial independence number and tracking expenses diligently, individuals can lay the groundwork for a solid financial future. Building a solid foundation is essential before embarking on the journey to early retirement. This entails creating an emergency fund, paying off debt, and obtaining adequate insurance coverage. Savvy saving and investing strategies, including the utilization of tax-advantaged retirement accounts and diversification of investment portfolios, are key components of this foundation. Additionally, minimizing expenses through budgeting and prudent lifestyle choices accelerates progress towards financial independence. Challenges inevitably arise on the path to early retirement, from income instability to rising costs and market volatility. Strategies for overcoming these challenges include diversifying income sources, prioritizing debt repayment, investing in inflation-protected assets, and planning for healthcare expenses. Behavioral biases and a lack of financial literacy can also impede progress, underscoring the importance of discipline and ongoing education in financial management. Therefore, "Escape the Rat Race" empowers readers to take control of their financial destiny and pursue a life of freedom and flexibility. By implementing the strategies outlined in this guide, individuals can chart a course towards early retirement and embrace a future of limitless possibilities. Start today and embark on the journey towards financial independence - the life you've always dreamed of awaits.

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Early retirement, Financial independence, Financial planning, Budgeting, Saving, Investing, Passive income, Assessment of financial situation, Target financial independence number, Emergency fund, Debt repayment, Insurance coverage, Tax-advantaged retirement accounts, Investment portfolios, Expense minimization, Income instability, Rising costs, Market volatility, Diversifying income sources, Inflation-protected assets, Healthcare expenses, Behavioral biases, Financial literacy, Education in fi

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 Abstract

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Hegemonic masculinity is a sociological concept that refers to the dominant and idealized form of masculinity within a particular cultural context. It represents the socially accepted and reinforced characteristics, behaviours, and roles associated with a man in society. This concept was introduced by an Australian sociologist Raewyn Connell, who acknowledges that all men were adapted to this idealized version, and it can be used to analyse gender relations and the impact on both men and women within a society. Connell's work has been involved in the development of a various understanding of gender, particularly masculinity, and has contributed to discussions about how social expectations and norms shape individuals' experiences based on their gender identity. The theory encourages academicians to critically examine the complexities of masculinity and its intersection with social structures. The war has profound effects on perceptions of men and masculinity in many countries. Traditional gender roles were often magnified during the conflict when men were expected to fulfill the parts as protectors. These complexities highlight the diverse ways in which the war has shaped the concepts of masculinity in a country. This paper critically investigates the theory of hegemonic masculinity and marginalisation in the modern literary novel The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini. The paper explores controversy on inequality, oppressed group, poverty, social crisis, betrayal, and loss of identity are the common problems faced by marginalised people in Afghanistan. The concept of isolation can involve various dimensions, including economic, social, and political conflict, and addressing these issues requires a comprehensive and inclusive approach. The so-called necessary categories have suppressed the needy people and thus these survival conflicts tend to push them psychologically under position in their country.

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Hegemony, marginalisation, brutality, racial discrimination, political conflict, humanity.

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Renewable energy is one of the main forms of energy sources in today's world, with solar energy being the most popular because of its abundance and easy access to solar panels. With so many solar panels in use, disposal of them after their lifetime is a hassle and results in wastage of important components. This paper gives the profile of solar panel recycling and way to utilize the important components in a solar panel after its lifetime. This technology helps us to utilize important components from a solar panel or even re-use the whole panel using solar cell technology. Metals like Silver, Lead can be restored and re-used saving precious resources and capital cost. Proper recycling also helps to prevent environmental pollution.

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Solar panel, Renewable energy, Recycling, Environmental pollution.

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From the time when the onset of the global pandemic in early 2020, coronavirus disease in the year 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a mass challenge to health care systems all over the world. In order to fight from these challenges and to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies, it becomes of principal importance to explain the pathophysiology of this illness. Many researchers have concluded one key pathologic component associated with infection severity and course, termed as an immunothrombrosis. This appeared as a dominant pathological process impairing morbidity and mortality in acute- and long-COVID-19 infections after 2 years of Covid-19 exposure. The hypercoagulable state is due in part to immune system disturb regulation, inflammation and cellular damage, as well as a reduction in defence systems. One defence mechanism in particular is glutathione (GSH), a ubiquitously found antioxidant. GSH is a vital antioxidant that naturally produce in our body and works to limit the levels of dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). The group of adverse effects caused by virus as a result of GSH depletion in states like COVID-19 suggest that GSH reduction is a dominant mechanism of immunothrombosis. It is quite difficult to compare these health issues as side effects of vaccination or it is due to Covid-19 infection, because large proportion of vaccinated individuals with double dose and booster dose are facing different health issues after two years of Covid-19 exposure as per our publication (Sarfaraz Hanfi, et al., 2024). The group of adverse health effects as a result of GSH depletion in conditions like COVID-19 suggest that GSH reduction is a dominant mechanism of immunothrombosis and other related health issues. We aim to observe and conclude the fluctuation in GSH level of post COVID-19 survivors with compare to Non Covid-19 individual's and the level of GSH towards Covid-19 vaccinated and Non-vaccinated subjects. GSH is most important antioxidant that naturally produce in our body it works to limit the levels of dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Decreased levels of GSH and elevated levels of ROS have been associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis which shows major health issues in elderly aged as well as young individuals. (Silvagno F, et al., 2020). Proper diet high in antioxidants, physical exercise and routine health check-up are required to ease the risk of many diseases (including Heart disease, Arthritis and some cancers). Dietary antioxidants help to prevent and reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress.

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GSH (Blood Glutathione), Immunothrombrosis, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species),

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This research paper explores the profound influence of government policy on the burgeoning startup ecosystem in India. The study is anchored in the hypothesis that proactive and supportive government policies significantly enhance the growth and sustainability of startups. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the paper analyses data from a variety of sources, including surveys of startup founders, interviews with policy makers, and a review of existing literature on startup ecosystems globally and in India.

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India Startup, Government of India, Startup Policy, Market Impact,

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The Indian government has launched multiple initiatives to support startups, aiming to foster innovation and economic growth. Key programs include Startup India, which offers tax benefits and easier compliance; Atal Innovation Mission to promote entrepreneurship; Make in India and Digital India to boost manufacturing and digital infrastructure; and financial assistance schemes like MUDRA and Fund of Funds for Startups. These efforts are geared towards creating a conducive ecosystem for startups, providing them with the necessary resources and easing regulatory hurdles to spur innovation and employment.

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Indian Startup, Government Initiatives, Government Schemes, Digital India

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The landscape of entrepreneurship in India has witnessed a remarkable transformation over recent years, with an increasing presence of women-led startups contributing to the country's economic growth and innovation. This study aims to explore the critical success factors and challenges faced by these enterprises, shedding light on the unique entrepreneurial journey of women in India. The success factors identified include access to funding through targeted grants and venture capital, strong support networks, mentorship programs specifically designed for women entrepreneurs, and the ability to leverage digital platforms to reach wider markets. Challenges are multifaceted, ranging from gender bias and limited access to capital, to balancing work and family responsibilities, and navigating a traditionally male-dominated business landscape. The study also highlights the importance of government policies and initiatives designed to support women entrepreneurs, such as startup incubation centers and tax benefits. By analyzing the experiences of successful women-led startups, this study provides valuable insights into the strategies that can help overcome these challenges, contributing to a more inclusive and equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem in India.

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Indian Startup, Women Startup, Women Entrepreneurship, Startup Culture

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The Indian startup ecosystem is thriving, fueled by digitalization, a fintech boom, sustainability initiatives, EdTech growth, and HealthTech innovation. Local solutions address global challenges, supported by government initiatives and a surge in venture capital. Collaborations enhance innovation, and the rise of unicorns signals ecosystem maturation. These trends reflect a blend of technology, entrepreneurship, and policy support, positioning Indian startups for global impact and exponential growth.

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Indian Startup, Venture Capital, Startup Ecosystem, Startup Growth

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