Volume 11 | Issue 3

 Abstract

This study has been undertaken to investigate and analyze the effect of sparkplug flame if we increase the electrode gap in single cylinder 125CC vertical engine. The performance of automobile engines is impacted by a variety of factors. One of the world's primary sources of fuel consumption today is the gasoline spark ignition mechanism in automobiles. The spark plug is one of the crucial parts of a petrol engine during the combustion process. An engine's performance declines when it isn't running consistently, but it also increases fuel consumption, vibration and HC emissions. There are numerous causes of pollution. The improper gap of electrode in the sparkplug is one of the causes. Spark plugs play a critical role in the combustion process in a gasoline engine. The combustion engine's backfire and banging are brought on by an incompatibility between the fuel utilized and the width of the spark plug gap. Consequently, the spark plug gap was investigated with an emphasis on managing the combustion process to enhance engine performance. The parameters of spark plug gap when the gap increased have been explored in this study. The standard gap of 125CC single cylinder engine is 0.7mm. In experiments, it has been found that the vibration and noise increase correspondingly as the spark plug gap increase; on the other hand, the exhaust emission (HC) value increases.

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 Keywords

Sparkplug gap, Emission, Engine performance

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The article is the result of empirical study made on to explore the role of Community Based Organisations in promoting elected women's participation in the Grama Panchayats. The study compares the participation of women representatives between Bijapur and Bagalakot district with a sample of 248. It reveals that CBOs play a vital role in the life of one's public life. It has provided a platform for the women to explore her strengths and convert her weaknesses into strengths. The CBOs can mould the women members and encourage them to participate in public life.

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 Keywords

Grama Panchayat, Politics, Women, Participation, Representation

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Society is at an important intersection in dealing with the challenges of climate change, and this paper is presented at a critical juncture in light of growing recognition that the natural sciences are insufficient to deal with these challenges. Critical aspects of sociological perspectives related to climate change research are brought together in this review in the hope of fostering greater interdisciplinary collaboration between the natural and social sciences. We fervently argue for the need to inculcate interdisciplinary approaches that can provide innovative perspectives and solutions to the challenges we face from the impacts of climate change. As such, some critical sociological perspectives are addressed, with two objectives; ? To provide a foundational opening for readers seeking an introductory perspective and potential core contributions of sociological insights on climate change; and ? To explore opportunities and obstacles that may occur with increased interdisciplinary cooperation and collaboration. We lay out fundamental ideas by assembling a loosely connected body of sociological research, hoping to develop and advance the collaborative research agenda between sociology and other disciplines for the near future.

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 Keywords

sociology; climate change; adaptation; mitigation; sociological perspectives

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The concept of externally reinforcing damaged reinforced concrete members to restore their strength is well known today. Depending on the severity of the damage, the component is externally modified using methods such as cross-sectional enlargement, external panel bonding, external pre stressing, casting, and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. This article describes FRP composite technique that is to apply FRP composites in fabric/tape form using adhesive on defects like cracks in structural members. Apart from retrofitting, this process can also be used to add strength or increase the load-bearing capacity of an element without increasing the section size. Fabrics made from carbon, glass and basalt fibers are generally used as external reinforcement. Each gives different results as per their characteristics, magnitude and type of load withstanding, type and form of fibre fabric used for that and also as per different wrapping patterns. For this purpose, the study considers structural reinforced concrete beams wrapped with different FRP composites fabric in different patterns and tested under four-point loading system as comparison criteria. The main focus of the paper revolves around basalt fiber fabric, and whether it is a better option as a retrofit material compared to others.

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 Keywords

Adhesive, Four point bending test, Retrofitting, Woven Fabrics

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Today's software systems give us a wealth of information about both the points where the system performs as expected and the points where it fails. The knowledge base which can be established with the help of this data will help us in delivering an insight for any future act or manner of performance for the specified software. This research aims at looking for machine learning algorithms which can aid us in anticipating the behaviour of the software in consideration and hence also give an idea about the spots where the output of the system is not as desired,.i.e a defective parameter. This paper mainly looks over the creation of a knowledge base with the previously tested data and also predicts the areas and data values where a user can expect the system to be showing erroneous behavior.

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 Keywords

software fault prediction, knowledge based system, correlation based feature selection, prediction models, supervised machine learning

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The objective of this qualitative study, conducted in India, was to assess the perceptions of parents with children with autism spectrum disorder about inclusive education. This qualitative study collected data from in-depth interviews with parents of children with autism. Thematic content analysis used Coded texts and topic identification procedures. Results: Seven themes were identified: 1) Teacher's Attributes; 2) Child Factor; 3) Social Inclusion; 4) Parent factors; 5) School services; 6) Parent Teacher Relationships and 7) Academic Extracurriculars. It was determined that one of the barriers to including children with autism was the lack of sensitization of teachers and the cultivation of their empathy. Conclusion: The parents of children with autism experienced a lack of active inclusion in schools. Children were primarily excluded in school in various activities, where the educator did not know inclusive techniques for teaching. To this end, parents felt the need for more practical knowledge about implementing the methods to teach those with special needs. The parents of children with autism attending inclusive settings were not satisfied with implementing inclusion policies and regulations. They feel that despite awareness, equal opportunities were not provided to these children.

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 Keywords

Social Inclusion, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Inclusive Education, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's modern world people all around the globe are becoming more interested in their health and lifestyle. But just avoiding junk food and doing an exercise is not enough, we require a balanced diet. A balanced diet based on our height, weight and age can lead a healthy life. Combined with physical activity, your diet can help you to reach and maintain a healthy weight, reduce your risk of chronic diseases (like heart disease and cancer), and promote your overall health. A balanced diet is one that gives your body the nutrients it needs to function correctly. Calories in the food is the measure of amount of energy store in that food. Our body use calories for basically everything like breathing, walking, running etc. On average a person needs 2000 calories per day but specifically intake of calories depends upon persons physical aspects like weight, height, age and gender. So, your food choices each day affect your health -- how you feel today, tomorrow, and in the future. Thus, a proposed system gives recommend you a diet plan based on your physical aspects and your end goal.

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 Keywords

Machine learning, Diet Recommendation, Food recommendation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tourism is a thriving industry and a vital employment sector in many developing countries. Today many travellers flocking to different parts of the world, and tourism is considered as one of the most practical commercial markets in the world. Nagaland is a land of treasure trove of culture, developed over many years and manifested in the form of arts, works of literature, customs, traditions, linguistic expressions, artifacts, heritage sites preservation and more. Cultural tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry, it includes the conservation and promotion of Culture in the midst of Cultural diversity in Nagaland. Culture and tourism have a shared beneficial relationship to strengthen the attractiveness, beauty and competitiveness helps for the development of tourism. Tourism helps to bring the sustainable development, and to solve the balance in economic development and cultural preservation in Nagaland. Tourism and culture in Nagaland often made more visitors to use suitable tourist sites as a means of cultural identity. Promotion and preservation of traditional culture helps identifying, recording, analysing the changing world of future generations and keep up the identity of the State. This article examines how Nagas--the Indigenous peoples of Nagaland--Conservation of culture and cultural self-determination through touristic cultural performances held during the festivals brings tourist attraction and development. Preserving rich Naga culture and traditional heritage helps for the promotion of tourism in Nagaland, and tourism helps for the conservation of culture as inter- related.

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Nagaland, Tourism, Culture, Preservation, Promotion, Development

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Load forecasting (LF) is an important process in forecasting future load for sustainable power system operations and control. Due to deregulation of electrical markets, load forecasting has attracted many researchers and hence accurate load forecasting is very much needed. LF is categorised based on time horizons. Neural network based Convolution Neural Network (CNN) is used to forecast short-term load for Tumakuru, a city in Karnataka, India. RMSE and MAPE are performance metrics with temperature and humidity as two weather factors.

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 Keywords

Load forecasting, Short-term load forecasting, Convolution Neural Network, Weather factors, Performance metrics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The cases of missing children and women are a major concern nowadays. This project tells us about the android application which has features of tracking the children and women. The exact location of the victim can be tracked by GPS service. GPS will be used for network services and it also provides internet. The project is aimed to prevent kidnaps of children and women trafficking and it monitors the mentally handicapped people. It is a real time implementation. The system is intended for both parents and kids. The system consists of a GPS node microcontroller, and an alert button is also included in the system. Both the parent and child modules will be linked to the web server. Thus the web server will act as a middleware between two modules. Parents should contain an Android smartphone and the child should have the tracking system. Node microcontroller will be used for interaction between the tracking device and web server. The child or woman can be monitored by the parents from any location. With the use of an Android phone and GPS tracking device we can find the exact location of the child or woman. The Android phone will be with parents, which include the application and tracking device will be kept firmly in the child's backpack. An alert button will be installed on the tracking device. Whenever the alert button is pressed it will send an alert to the parent indicating that the child or woman is in danger.

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SMART SAFETY DEVICE FOR WOMEN USING IoT

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Citalopram, first order derivative, ICH guidelines, Area under curve method.

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The report deals with evaluation of the performance of Landfill Leachate treatment using natural adsorbents. Inorganic and organic pollutants present in the Leachate continue to pose major problems in receiving water bodies and to the environment. To overcome such problems, natural adsorbent materials are used to minimise their negative environmental impact. In order to find out the effective natural adsorbents for the treatment of landfill leachate, two locally available low cost adsorbents such as Coir Pith coconut shell and activated carbon. Several studies suggest that pollutants such as heavy metals, industrial dyes, pharmaceuticals, organic contaminants can be successfully adsorbed on to coconut biomass. The abundance in availability, renewability and high adsorption are the useful advantages conferred by coconut by- products. This review has focused on all the valuable studies reported on the facile valorization of various coconut palm wastes such as shell, husk, coir etc.

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Adsorbent, Leachate, Biomass

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Farm crops are frequently destroyed by neighbourhood animals including buffalo,cows,goats,birds,etc.For the farmers ,this results in enormous losses.Farmers cannot block entire fields or remain on the field all day to secure it.Hence,we suggest a mechanism for automatically protecting crops from animals.This system is microcontroller based and uses microcontrollers from the arduino family. A motion sensor is used by this system to identify approaching animals close to the field.The sensor instructs the microcontroller to operate in this situation.The microcontroller now plays an alarm to tempt the aniamls out of the field and sends an SMS to the farmer so that he is aware of the issue and may react by being present at the scene in case the animals dont flee after hearing the alarm.This completely protects the crops from animals preventing loss to the farmer.

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Arduino UNO,GSM/GPRS Module,Speakers,IR Sensor,Relay,LED

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 Abstract

COVID-19 an infectious respiratory illness caused by the sever acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has now spread to multiple countries including INDIA. The outbreak of corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has threatened health worldwide. There have been about approximately 96000 reported cases of corona virus disease 2019 and 3300 reported death to date (05/03/2020). The disease infected by the contact with infected droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 4 days (8). Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and COVID-19 all of these viruses are responsible for effecting acute respiratory tract infections. The RT-PCR detection of viral nucleic acid test (NTA) was one of the most suddenly organized laboratory diagnosis method in a novel viral pandemic, just as in this COVID-19 outbreak (16). The symptoms normally between 2 and 14 days after exposure. RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in an Indian council of Medical Research (ICMR) appreciate medical laboratory, data regarding clinical details, exposure history, hospital causes and outcome were collected in pre-designed perform.

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SARS-CoV-2, Epidimiology, Diagnosis, symptoms, RT-PCR, treatment, drugs.

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Birth weight is important indicator which reveals the health condition of a child. WHO, on the basis of worldwide data has recommended that of full-term baby with birth weight less than 2.5 kg may be considered a low birth weight infants carrying relatively higher risk of substandard growth and development and higher risk of prenatal and neonatal mortality . There is close relationship between maternal and child health. The study reveals that nutritional status of pregnant and lactating mothers has a very significant bearing on the nutritional status of children. A woman who has been well- nourished before conception begins her pregnancy with reserves of several nutrients so that so that the needs of the growing foetus can be met without affecting her health. Infants who are well nourished in the womb, have an enhanced chance of entering life in good physical and mental health. The NFHS results support this as malnutrition among children is highest for underweight mothers. Nutritional status of child is directly linked to a large extent to mother's health conditions and safe delivery conditions, mother's education and countries' health care system. An adolescent girl with good health status can give birth to a healthy baby in future. Care must be taken of the nutritional status of adolescent girls for future mother.

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Nutrition, Low Birth Weight, Malnutrition, COVID-19.

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 Abstract

Capital markets in India have a rich history that dates back to the 18th century when East India Company securities traded in the country. This study primarily relies on secondary data, including statistical data from various websites. Capital markets serve as a means to direct surplus funds into productive investments and mainly trade in long-term securities. The primary divisions of the capital market include the stock market, bond market, and primary and secondary markets. The primary market deals with new issues of securities, while the secondary market deals with previously issued securities. During the first and second five-year plans, the Indian government emphasized the development of agriculture and public undertakings. Public sector undertakings were healthier than private undertakings, but shares were not listed in the stock exchange, and the Controller of Capital Issue (CCI) closely supervised everything. Capital markets were not well developed during the British rule, but after the introduction of SEBI, the situation has improved significantly. By providing long-term loans, the capital market enables the effective functioning of various sectors of the economy. An efficient capital market is a key factor in the economic development of a nation. This study aims to explore the regulatory mechanisms that have developed for the Indian capital market, analyse the effectiveness of technical analysis in investment decision making, and identify any constraints that impede the smooth functioning of the capital market.

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SEBI, Economic Development, Stock Market, Capital Markets, Public Undertaking.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The problem of MHD generalized plane Couette flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a channel filled with porous medium of different permeabilities has been studied, when the free surface is exposed to atmospheric pressure. To discuss the solution,the flow region is divided into three zones. The flow region in the free fluid is called zone- I and the flow is governed by Navie r-Stokes equations. The flow regions in the high permeability and low permeability mediums are named as zone- II and zone - III and the flows are governed by Brinkman equations and Darcy's law respectively. The effects of magnetic parameter and permeability parameters are investigated on velocity and skin-friction. It is being found that the increase in Hartmann number decreases the flow in the channel.

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MHD, Couette flow, Navie r-Stokes equations, Brinkman equations, skin-friction.

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 Abstract

Machine learning is a science that was discovered and developed in the 1950s as a subfield of artificial intelligence. The first steps in machine learning date back to the 1950s, but there have been no significant advances in this science since then. These studies were restarted and further developed in the 1990s, and continue to this day. Future improvements are expected in this field. As a result, it has become increasingly difficult to analyze and process the rapidly growing amount of data. In order to find the best model for a new dataset, machine learning relies on a growing amount of data. Due to this, machine learning research will continue in tandem with the growth of data.. In this research, we examine the history of machine learning, the methods used in machine learning, its application fields, and the research conducted in this area. The purpose of this study is to provide researchers with information on machine learning, which has become increasingly popular in recent years.

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Machine Learning, Machine Learning Algorithms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the textile wet processing industry, finishing plays a vital role for quality and value. A garment which has undergone any finishing treatment will enjoy a high commercial value in the globalized market. Finishing is the special or added feature to a garment during processing which enhances the final usage of the same. In the abundance of various finishes, importance is given to Anti-Microbial Finish since people take much care about health and hygiene. Even though Finishing is important, it consumes more time and resources when it is done separately. Hence in this project "IN-SITU FINISHING ON COTTON FABRIC" It was decided to combine two finishes in a single bath in order to reduce the time consumption and resources without sacrificing the effect of finishing. Direct die which has wide application in dyeing is comparatively cheap and easily available dye. But it lacks behind its fastness properties Based on these considerations, in this work Anti-Microbial finish is imparted on the cotton fabric. The natural sources such as Neem, Turmeric and Aloe vera considered to be anti microbial agents are added to the direct dye bath which is in the extract form in order to enhance the fastness property of the direct dye and impart Anti-Microbial effect on the fabric. The ingredients used are eco-friendly, easily available and give good effect to human skin. These fabrics with anti-microbial finished effect can be used for the production of many valuable garments such as medicinal purpose, baby garments, undergarments etc.

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In-Situ

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A solution that utilizes trusted computing and blockchain technology to provide secure node switching in the Internet of Things (IoT) for power distribution. To address the issue of mobility in mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs), we present two mobility-aware hierarchical clustering methods based on a three-layer clustering hierarchy: the mobility-aware centralized clustering algorithm (MCCA) and the mobility-aware hybrid clustering algorithm (MHCA). Simulation results demonstrate that both algorithms increase the network lifetime, decrease energy consumption, stabilize cluster formation, and increase data throughput in MWSNs. The centralised clustering strategy outperforms the hybrid clustering approach.

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 Keywords

negative impact of mobility on data throughput, network connectivity, and scalability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition