Volume 12 | Issue 3

 Abstract

Citrus sinensis is one of the most abundant citrus species consumed. Orange peels and seeds are a waste by-product of the fruit and may potentially contain useful phytonutrients with biological relevance. Fresh and dry peels of sweet orange were subjected to Maceration. Total alkaloid, flavonoid and tannin content were determined using standard methods. Antimicrobial activities against five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) and three fungal strains (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum) was carried out by observing the zone of inhibition using disc diffusion method. The total alkaloid, flavonoid and tannin content was higher in the fresh peel extract compared to the dry peel extract. Antimicrobial activities revealed that the fresh peel extract had better antibacterial activities against all bacterial strains and one fungal strain studied compared to the dry peel extract. Growth of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum were however better inhibited by the dry peel extract than the fresh peel extract This study investigated the phenolic content and antimicrobial activities of fresh and dry Citrus sinensis peel extracts. The results from the study conclude that the fresh Citrus sinensis peel extract contains more phenolics and possesses better antimicrobial activities against the studied microbial strains compared to the dry peel extract. The findings in this study suggest that drying plant parts before extraction for phytonutrients may lead to loss of active phytochemicals.

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Citrus sinensis, Orange, Antimicrobial, Phytochemicals, Seeds, Peels.

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One of the oldest and most important industries is agriculture. The demand for work and food is rising due to the world's population growth. Because traditional farming methods are insufficient, new automated ways of achieving food requirements are being developed. In several regions of the nation, the growing demand for water has raised serious questions regarding the viability of irrigated agriculture. Therefore, one of the most important practical concerns for increasing the effectiveness of water utilization in irrigation systems is determining crop water demand. Some areas of a field receive unneeded irrigation from the current sensor-based systems, leaving other areas without any irrigation at all. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been employed extensively in farming recently. AI technology is being used in agriculture to improve soil and growth conditions, produce healthier crops, evaluate data for farmers, and perform various jobs related to food supply chain management. AI-powered technologies will help farmers increase crop quality and yield more with less resources. Farmers can obtain information on the health of their crops, including the amount of water and nutrients needed to boost yield quality and quantity, by using an AI-powered health monitoring system.

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Artificial Intelligence, Sensor, Irrigation

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In this study, radiation shielding of different materials such as piperidine alkaloids Pseudopelletierine (GS1) Pelletierine (GS2) Ricinine (GS3) Methylisopelletierine (GS4) Coniine (GS5) Piperine (GS6) , is analyzed by calculating Mass attenuation coefficients and partial photon interactions theoretically at incident photon energy 1 keV to 100 GeV using XCOM software [1]. The values of these parameters have been found to change significantly with incident photon energy and composition of the piperidine alkaloids. Half value layer (HVL) and tenth value layer (TVL) has also been calculated; whose lower value reveals the good shielding ability for gamma rays. Hence it is concluded that GS6 shows the maximum shielding effectiveness and also GS1 and GS4 seem to have good radiation shielding. It is also analyzed that our calculated mass attenuation coefficient of NBS concrete by the present method are in excellent agreement with standard values given by ANSI/ANS-6.4.3 data.

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Piperidine alkaloids, Half value layer, Mass attenuation coefficients, and Tenth value layer.

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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating complex geometries with metal materials. In this study, the focus is on the optimization of process parameters in WAAM of 304L stainless steel, a widely used material in various industries. Optimization of process parameters is usually aimed at improving mechanical properties and quality of the fabricated parts while minimizing defects such as porosity and distortion. In this article, we focus on predicting and optimizing process parameters for the WAAM process of 304L stainless steel. Three parameters: voltage (U), welding current (I), and travel speed (v), were considered as the input variables, and the two geometrical responses considered are width and height (WWB, HWB, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the impact of each input variable on the replies. The Grey-Relational Analysis (GRA) method was employed to determine the ideal process parameters. The collected results indicate that travel speed is the most significant influence on WWB and HWB. The GRA gives the exact stable process parameters, namely U = 15V, I = 75A, and v = 0.2 m/min, which were confirmed by experimental results. It was also shown that the anticipated models of WWB and HWB were suitable for choosing the process parameters in particular applications.

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WAAM, Stainless steel, Optimization, Process parameter, GRA.

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Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical, Screening, Calotropis Gigantea, Madar, Aak

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The lexicon of privacy, autonomy, and constitutional morality has been crafted by the Supreme Court in recent times. This evolution has led to the recognition of various entitlements such as the right to privacy and the right to select a life partner. In the Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India case, which upheld the decriminalization of same-sex relationships, the Supreme Court delineated a detailed account of the right to intimate relations. The current study posits that the subsequent logical progression should be the establishment of marriage equality, where same-sex marriage/relationships are acknowledged on an equitable basis with traditional opposite-sex marriage. The essential legal components for such acknowledgment are already in position. The study argues that confining marriage to 'one man, one woman' constitutes impermissible sex discrimination under Articles 14 and 15, 19 & 21 of the Indian Constitution, and is evidently arbitrary. Furthermore, the article recognizes the notion of constitutional morality, which supersedes social or popular morality when construing public morality as a constraint on fundamental rights. This notion can be utilized to counter arguments that same-sex marriage undermines the sanctity of traditional opposite-sex marriage. The study also contends that 'one man, one woman' violates the right to privacy and autonomy, as well as the right to a life with dignity under Article 21. It also encroaches upon the freedom of expression, which encompasses the expression of sexual orientation. Even in instances where personal laws do come into effect, marriage equality should not be perceived as a transgression of religious freedom based on the significantly weakened 'essential religious practices' test.

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same sex marriage, same sex relationship, constitutional morality

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Uranv Janajati Ki Shiksha Aur Aay Ke Star Par Pravas Ke Prabhav Ka Ek Proyogik (Payalat) Adhyayan- Chhattisgarh Ke Jashapur Jile Ke Vishesh Sandarbh Mein |

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Uranv Janajati Ki Shiksha Aur Aay Ke Star Par Pravas Ke Prabhav Ka Ek Proyogik (Payalat) Adhyayan- Chhattisgarh Ke Jashapur Jile Ke Vishesh Sandarbh Mein |

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In order to identify which mutual funds offer the best returns and satisfy the investor's needs, a comparative study of selected mutual funds often entails examining the performance and traits of several mutual funds. In the study, variables like standard deviation, beta, sharp ratio, and Jenson Alpha are compared. The research paper's data is gathered over the course of the previous five years. Investors can choose mutual funds that most closely match their investment objectives and risk tolerance by performing a study like this.

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Mutual funds, debt funds, standard deviation, beta, sharp ratio, and Jenson Alpha

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ABSTRACT This quantitative research investigates the impact of rights issues on the share price performance of PTC Industries Ltd and Bhagiradha Chemicals & Industries Ltd over a 90-day period surrounding the announcement dates. Utilizing secondary data from reliable financial sources, the study employs statistical tools like descriptive statistics, risk-return analysis, and Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAAR) to analyze trends before and after the rights issue announcements. Findings indicate that PTC Industries witnessed a significant increase in returns with a mild rise in risk post-rights issue, suggesting a lucrative opportunity with manageable volatility. In contrast, Bhagiradha Chemicals experienced a sharp drop in returns and a substantial increase in risk, indicating a less favorable investment environment. Rights issues positively impacted PTC Industries' share price performance, as evidenced by a significant increase in CAAR, while Bhagiradha Chemicals displayed a positive but muted effect, possibly influenced by investor concerns. The study concludes by emphasizing the divergent outcomes and underscores the nuanced nature of the relationship between rights issues and short-term market dynamics, advocating for rigorous research and risk management for optimal returns.

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Equity Rights Issue, Exright date, Price performance , Volatality, wealth maximaization

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In the realm of transformative travel experiences, SafarSahayak emerges as a groundbreaking mobile application, revolutionising the exploration landscape and fostering a vibrant global community of passionate adventurers. Enriched with a user-friendly interface (UI) and a multifaceted array of features, SafarSahayak facilitates seamless connection, collaboration, and communication among travellers while introducing a novel dimension to the travel community ecosystem. The app's unique community section acts as a dynamic virtual hub, transcending conventional boundaries by enabling users to not only share experiences and insights but also embark on collaborative journeys through an innovative "Explorer Exchange" feature. This distinctive facet promotes real-time travel partnerships, transforming SafarSahayak into a catalyst for shared adventures. Bolstering this collaboration are interactive features, including comments and reviews, fostering a sense of community-driven exploration. SafarSahayak redefines mapping capabilities by integrating augmented reality for an immersive exploration experience. Users can seamlessly overlay digital information onto their physical surroundings, enhancing their understanding of destinations and fostering a deeper connection with the places they visit. The app's commitment to user-generated content and a sophisticated search engine culminates in the delivery of highly personalised trip recommendations, tailoring journeys to individual preferences. Positioned as the quintessential all-in-one travel community guide, SafarSahayak stands out through its integration of cutting-edge augmented reality mapping, fostering genuine collaborative exploration, and creating a global community that transcends geographical constraints.

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Keywords: SafarSahayak, Travel Community, Mobile App, Exploration, User-Generated Content, Augmented Reality Mapping, Collaborative Exploration, Storytelling, Personalized Recommendations, Adventure, Global Community.

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?-?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???, ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? 100 ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????,??????, ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???

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????? ????- ?????? ??????? ???????, ???? ???, ???? ?????, ???????????? ???? , ???????? ?????????

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INTRODUCTION : Anterior shoulder dislocation frequently causes bone loss on the anterior aspect of the glenoid with fracture of the posterosuperior aspect of the humeral head, known as Hill-Sachs deformity. Glenoid bone loss decreases the glenohumeral contact area which increases joint instability and the possibility of further dislocation. Plain CT scan of the shoulder allows us to evaluate the glenoid cavity and its rim, and 3-D reconstruction allows both the radiologist and the surgeon to visualise the defect on a bony model. The evaluation helps the surgeon to select the most appropriate treatment. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To determine the percentage of bone loss using 3 dimensional CT. To study degree of accuracy of preoperative CT imaging in relation to surgical intervention and findings. RESULTS & DISCUSSION In this study, indicators of bone loss was evaluated using 3-D CT only, as bone margins are easily identifiable with 3-D imaging. All the patients underwent CT scan with additional scanning of opposite shoulder joint for comparison. Patients were evaluated for Glenoid Index & percentage bone loss and were subsequently subjected to Arthroscopic surgery or Open Bankarts repair accordingly. In this study, most of the patients had right shoulder involvement (86.7%) compared to the left (13.3%). Out if 30 patients 8 patients had fracture of the interior glenoid. In our study of 30 patients, 11 patients(36.7%) were calculated to have a percentage bone loss of more than 25% and 19 patients(63.3%) had a loss of less than 25%. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION To conclude, Glenoid index as calculated from the 3-D CT scan accurately predicted the surgery required to the surgery performed when compared retrospectively. The 3-D CT scan can therefore be used by surgeons as an additional diagnostic tool for preoperative planning and patient counseling.

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Recurrent shoulder joint dislocation, glenoid, 3D reconstruction, Hill-Sachs, Bankart

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Rebel Nazrul is a poet of humanism, a saint of liberation of human spirit. The inhuman oppression of the ruling class on the subjugated nation, the context of the anti-revolutionary repression, inspired by his humanism, helped the poet to turn his mind towards the contemporary Russian revolution. Patriotic Nazrul left his studies for the sake of humanity and accepted the First World War soldiership of No. 49 Bengali Platoon in 1917. During his stay in Karachi and various barracks during the war, Habildar Nazrul was inspired by the international consciousness after hearing about the success of the November Revolution and the resistance of the Red Army. His direct experience of this period is expressed in poems like 'Shat-il-Arab', 'Ranaveeri', 'Antar National Sangeet' etc., as well as in the instinctive stories 'Byathar Daan' 'Henna' 'Rikter Bedan'. And this manifestation of patriotism in the arena of his patriotism in detail is also reflected in the international consciousness.

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Lal fouj, November Biplab, Biswamanabatabodh, Fayshibad, Biswashanti-sebok,

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Pelletization is a process of agglomeration that converts fine powders or granules of bulk drugs and excipients into small, free flowing, spherical or semi-spherical units, known as pellets. Pellets are multiparticulate drug delivery system which suitable for promising and highly flexible system with various kinetics of drug release such as immediate release, sustained and controlled release which are easy to formulated. In order to eliminates the physicochemical interaction such as drug-excipient or drug-drug interactions multiparticulate dosage forms such as pellets can be implemented. Nowdays The process of pelletization as oral drug delivery system are gaining substantial attention. They form small spherical or semi-spherical free flowing solid units varying from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. Pellets are commonly used as multiparticulate systems as it has clinical as well as technical benefits as compared to single unit dosage forms. Pellet mainly for oral administration which can be further formulated into several other dosage forms such as tablets, capsules or can be administered as such. Oral administration has become the most versatile, convenient and common route of drug administration which ultimately focuses on patient compliance in present time. The present review focuses on process of pelletization, advantages, disadvantages, theory of pellet growth and formation, pelletization techniques, characterization of pellets, and also the recent approaches for pelletization techniques.

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Pelletization, Pellets, Extrusion, Spheronization, Cryopelletization, fluidized bed technology, spraying and congealing , Controlled Drug Delivery, Theory of pellets growth and formation and characterization of pellets ,techniques of pelletization.

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The paper investigates the multifaceted landscape of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration in schools within Nadia District. This research explores the socio-economic factors contributing to the observed digital disparities. Factors such as geographical location, economic resources, and educational policies are examined to provide a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by schools in different contexts within the district. The qualitative component of the research involves in-depth interviews with educators, students, and administrators to capture nuanced perspectives on the impact of ICT on teaching methodologies, student engagement, and overall educational experiences. Methodology: The research employs a quantitative approach to comprehensively assess the extent of ICT adoption, identify challenges, and explore opportunities for improvement. The researchers used a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire and used percentages for data analysis. Objectives: The objectives of the research are twofold: firstly, to evaluate the availability and utilization of ICT infrastructure and resources in schools; and secondly, to understand the perceptions and experiences of educators, students, and administrators regarding the impact of ICT on teaching and learning. Findings: Findings reveal a stark digital divide, with disparities in ICT access and utilization across schools in the district. While some schools boast robust ICT infrastructure and effective integration practices, others face significant challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited digital literacy among educators, and disparities in access to quality digital content. Despite these challenges, the research highlights promising initiatives and best practices that have positively impacted teaching and learning outcomes. Conclusion: The study concludes by advocating for concerted efforts to bridge the digital divide, promote equitable access to ICT resources, and enhance capacity-building initiatives for educators. By addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities, schools in Nadia District can harness the full potential of ICT to create inclusive, innovative, and digitally empowered learning environments.

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Digital Divide, ICT, School Education, Technology, Literacy

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Sphenoidal osteosarcoma radiation-induced is an extremely rare form of osteosarcoma. This pathology is observed in certain patients who have received radiotherapy focused on the nasopharyngeal region. Medical imaging is a useful tool for diagnosis, extension and follow-up of the disease. The prognosis remains very poor due to the rapid evolution of the disease, with an average survival estimated at 6 months. Treatment is based on a combination of surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We report a case of sphenoidal osteosarcoma radiation induced in a male patient with a history of cavum tumors.

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Osteosarcoma, Sphenoid, Radio-induced, Cavum

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Founded in 1976, Decathlon is a family-owned business that was motivated by the idea that everyone should have access to the best sporting goods. What defines us is our commitment to providing customers of all ages, backgrounds, and skill levels with expert guidance that they can receive in-store or online, at any time and from any location. We also take pride in our always improving and high-performing design. We take great pride in that. What defines us is our commitment to providing customers of all ages, backgrounds, and skill levels with expert guidance that they can receive in-store or online, at any time and from any location. We also take pride in our always-improving and high-performing design. We take great pride in that. We shall discuss the issue that Decathlon generally confronts in our case study. Being a unique company, Decathlon bases everything it does on its customers. Customers are king, as Decathlon accurately states, and they make sure to live up to this belief. Nevertheless, Decathlon does have a number of issues, the most significant of which are frequent store thievery and app malfunctions. The faith has been betrayed, and we see this has become a common phenomenon in the recent time

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Sports, Theft, App Glitch, Decathlon, Equipment's, Strategies

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) pose significant public health challenges globally, affecting millions of individuals annually. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of STDs, encompassing epidemiology, etiology, transmission routes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment modalities. The paper synthesizes current research findings, epidemiological data, and clinical guidelines to offer insights into the multifaceted aspects of STDs. The review begins by outlining the epidemiological landscape of STDs, highlighting the prevalence rates and demographic patterns across various regions. It explores the diverse etiological agents responsible for STDs, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, elucidating their modes of transmission and associated risk factors .According to estimates from the World Health Organization, there were 333 million new instances of specific treatable sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, syphilis, and trichomoniasis worldwide in 1995.

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Contagious, Immunodeficiency, Antibacterial, Autoinoculation

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Background: Sickle Cell Anemia is characterized by a modification in the shape of the red blood cell from smooth, donut-shape into a crescent or half-moon shape. The misshapen cells lack plasticity and can block small blood vessels, impairing blood flow. This condition leads to shortened red blood cell survival, and subsequent anemia also known as sickle cell anemia. Poor blood oxygen levels and blood vessel blockages in people with sickle cell disease can lead to chronic acute pain syndromes, severe bacterial infections and necrosis (tissue death). Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate the level of knowledge and quality of life among sickle cell anemic patients. Objectives: 1. Assess the level of knowledge on sickle cell anemia and quality of life among sickle cell anemic patient. 2. Find correlation between the level of knowledge on sickle cell anemia and quality of life among sickle cell anemic patient. 3. Find the association between levels of Knowledge among sickle cell anemic patient and selected demographic variables. 4. To find the association between quality of life among sickle cell anemic patients and selected demographic variables. Methodology: A descriptive correlational survey design through non probability purposive sampling 100 samples were selected from areas of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The final study was conducted from 16/10/23 to 25/11/23. Demographic data and structure knowledge questionnaire was used to collect basic information and assess the knowledge level and standardize tool SF-36 was used to check the quality of life of sickle cell anemic patients. The data was analyzed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The result of the study shows that 9% were having inadequate knowledge, 68% of them were having moderate knowledge and 23% were having adequate knowledge on sickle cell anemia. 19% of the participants having poor Quality of Life, 64% had average Quality of Life and only 17% had good Quality of Life. The p- value is <0.001 which is highly significant. Thus, the level of knowledge and quality of life gives a significant correlation through average quality of life. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that knowledge is must to improve the health related quality of life among sickle cell anemic patients.

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Key words: Assess, Knowledge, Quality of Life, Sickle Cell Anemic Patients.

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"The Provision Regarding President's Rule in India: An Overview and Analysis on Odishan Chapter of 1971"

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"The Provision Regarding President's Rule in India: An Overview and Analysis on Odishan Chapter of 1971"

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