Volume 12 | Issue 3

 Abstract

Present era is a era of stressful life, fast life, night life, exceeding work hours, bad eating habbits, eating junk food, unhealthy food, not eating on proper time, alcohol consumption, over use of technologies, use of mobiles, laptops, lack of exercise, etc. which has made a huge impact on people's health leading to various physical and mental disorders. Nowadays, People at a very young age are seen suffering from heart diseases. Despite of advancement in medicine and new technologies managing of cardiovascular diseases are yet difficult. There is a high rate of death of people due to cardiovascular disease. Also American heart association states that most cardiovascular diseases are caused by behavioural risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, use of alcohol, smoking. Hence, it can be prevented by addressing and avoiding these risk factors. So, there is a need to manage the lifestyle causes in any possible way in order to avoid the further harm. Ayurveda gives the preventive aspect to hridroga (cardiovascular disorder) through Nidana parivarjana (avoiding the causes), shaman (herbs, Ahara- Vihara, dincharya, Ritucharya ), yoga and shodhana (panchakarma) chikitsa.

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lifestyle disorders, cardiovascular disorder, hridroga, Nidana parivarjan

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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Clean India Mission and abbreviated as SBA or SBM "The Swachh Bharat Mission is a national campaign by the Government of India involving 4,041 mandatory cities and municipalities to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country. Sorting and recycling waste is effective ways to reduce it.Separation of waste at source plays a key role in solid waste management, especially when financial resources are limited Waste sorting and awareness of different types of waste is a new boom We divide solid waste into two categories: wet and dry .waste. According to the Solid Waste Management Regulations 2016, manufacturers must sort waste into these three categories. The main goal of this project is to design a system using Arduino Mega that would automatically sort waste at the source and be able to clean. A moisture sensor classifies waste based on its threshold value, and an ultrasonic sensor estimates distance, and the status of the container is sent via IFTTT (if this, then that) to send text messages. This trash can can be used in places like offices, apartments, shopping malls, etc. This system is useful for automating waste management in a smart city without human intervention. This project uses sorting, solid waste management, IFTTT, Advanced Bin Segregator..

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Sensors, IFTTT, NodeMCU, IoT, MATLAB, SoC, LCD

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We know the pathology and the symptoms of Sickle Cell Anaemia according to modern science very well but its physiological changes are also important specially by ayurvedic point of view, if we try to figure out the physiological changes that is kriyatmaka effect of Sickle Cell anaemia on patients, it will be easier to find a way of treatment. Unlike many other diseases SCA is a disease which is not mentioned directly in Ayurveda. There is no such reference in ayurvedic classics to which Sickle Cell Anaemia can be directly correlated. There are many researches going on related to SCA. Even in ayurveda we find many Attempts for the treatment of Sickle Cell Anaemia, probable samprapti of of Sickle Cell Anaemia, study of Rakta dhatu in those particular patients and so on. It will also be useful if we study the disorders in ayurvedic view such as its affected dosha-dushya, the dhatus affected, the Ahara, Nidra, Bala, and all such ayurvedic technologies used generally to study and treat the patient.

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Sickle cell Anaemia, Rakta Dhatu, Pandu,

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Background of the study: Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to early adulthood. Because of the immense pressure imposed on adolescents due to the complications and ambiguities of this transition, their level of excitement increases and sometimes it appears in the form of sensitivity and intense excitement.to evaluate the effectiveness of assertiveness training on low self-esteem among early adolescent girls age group between (13-15 years) at selected community area of Panipat. Methodology: Research approach adopted in this study was quantitative research approach. Research design selected for the present study was A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control group. Settings of the study was Baroli village and Kabri Village. The sampling technique adopted for this study was convenience sampling technique. The sample size of this study consisted of 60 adolescent girls in age 13 - 15 years, in that 30 were selected in experimental group and 30 for the control group. Standardized Sorensen self-esteem scale was used to assess the self-esteem among early adolescent girls. The pilot study was conducted among 6 subjects in Babarpur village. Data collection period was for one month from 12 - 05 -2022 to 12 - 06 - 2022. The list of early adolescent girls who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were considered for the study. The adolescent girls were selected by convenient sampling technique. After establishing rapport with the study samples the data was collected. Time spent to assess the self-esteem level of adolescent girls (pre- test) was 30-40 minutes. Assertiveness training was taught and they were encouraged to practice the same. 60 - 90 minutes was spent on each session and totally there are 5 sessions. A period of 4 weeks was allowed for the girls to practice assertiveness training before re assessing the self-esteem level. (post-test). At the end of 5 weeks of practicing assertive communication and behaviour the level of self-esteem of the study subjects was re assessed, and the difference in score of self-esteem levels were considered as the effectiveness of assertiveness training. Results: In experimental group the post - test mean and standard deviation self - esteem score was 24.43 + 2.22. in control group at the time of post-test mean and standard deviation scores were 6.67 + 2.52. the mean difference score was 17.86. the obtained independent 't' test score was 20.429 for the degree of freedom 58. It was statistically significant at the 'p' value < than 0.001. This shows the effectiveness of assertiveness training program. Conclusion: The results of the current study show that conducting assertive training in high community areas helps to improve their self - esteem. Given that adolescent are among the most sensitive stages of one's life plus the fact that conducting such training programs besides their safe and low cost nature are effective and practical, it is highly recommended that such programs be carried out among high school adolescents.

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effectiveness, Assertiveness Training Programme, Self - Esteem, Adolescent Girls, Community Area

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In today's era, automobiles serve as a primary means of transportation. Consequently, the demand for parking facilities, especially in large shopping malls, is significant. To address this need efficiently, automation is a viable solution. The objective of this project is to develop software for an automated parking system. This system will autonomously manage gate operations and provide real-time information on the number of parked vehicles. When a driver approaches the gate, sensors will detect the vehicle, automatically opening the gate. A similar mechanism will be in place at the exit. Once the parking lot reaches full capacity, entry will be restricted until a space becomes available. The Automated Parking System employs a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) for effective control and management.

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Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Automated parking system, Automation

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This project, delves into the world of literature, focusing on the dynamic relationship between authors, genres, and readers. By harnessing social and information network analysis techniques, the project seeks to uncover intricate connections within the literary landscape. In this project a comprehensive Book-dataset is analyzed to uncover the relationships between authors, genres, and reader preferences. It starts with data collection and preprocessing, followed by the construction of a bipartite network that links authors to genres based on their literary works. Through advanced analytics, the project identifies author-genre associations and genre-based author communities. The culmination of this effort is a robust recommendation system that suggests books to readers based on the communities formed. This project impacts both authors and genres by helping them reach their target audiences more effectively. Authors benefit from increased visibility within their specialized genres, while genres themselves thrive with enhanced readership. For readers, it means discovering books that align with their interests and exploring new authors within the same genre. I further envision these well-defined author-genre communities influencing book searches on search engines, recommendations on e-commerce platforms, and advertisements on social media.

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literature networks, bipartite network analysis, author-genre associations, recommendation system, genre-based communities, reader preferences

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Among the direct energy deposition methods, one of the most energy-efficient is the wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique based on metal inert gas welding (MIG-WAAM). The MIG-WAAM technique uses wire and arc to deposit a material layer by layer. The temperature distribution during layer-by-layer deposition in the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) method is influenced by the route planning in the metal deposition process. The quality of the metal deposition and its dimensional precision are influenced by temperature distribution. This study represents the development of a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based model for the MIG-WAAM process to analyze the impact of temperature distribution on the metal deposition process. Using the MIG-WAAM technique, the proposed model has been utilized to simulate metal deposition of SS304L multilayer rectangular box structures on mild steel substrates. The distribution of temperatures across the material that has been deposited has been observed. The findings demonstrated that temperature concentrations occur at every step in the deposition process, potentially resulting in a decline in deposition quality. To enable smoother and higher-quality metal deposition, the established model may be further utilized to construct a feedback-based temperature control system.

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MIG, WAAM, Finite Element Analysis.

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ABSTRACT Background of the study: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Cancer screening tests discover cancer at early stages, even before symptoms appear. When abnormal tissues or a malignant mass is found early, treatment and cure rates are improved. AIM: A present investigation was to assess the level of knowledge and perception towards prevention and early detection of cancer among Adult population in rural area. Materials and methods: 300 adult were selected making by random sampling technique. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Result: The study result shows that among adult, majority 146(48.7%) of adult population were in the age groups 41-50 years and very few 49(16.3%) were in the age groups of 31-40 years, majority 212(70.7%) of study participant were married and very few 88(29.3%) were singles, majority 140(46.7%) of the sample were studied secondary school and very few 77(25.7%) were studied primary school, majority 171(57.0%) of adult were civil servant and very few 30(10.0%) were doing others, majority 281(53.6%) of the participants were not working in health sector and very few 19(3.6%) were working in health sectors, majority 219(73.0%) had no chronic health problems and remaining 81(27.0%) had chronic health problems, majority 266(88.7%) of the adults had inadequate knowledge towards prevention and early detection of cancer, 34(11.3%) had moderately adequate knowledge and there were no adults with adequate knowledge. The study shows that there was no correlation between knowledge and perception towards prevention and early detection of cancer among adult and there was no association between knowledge score with selected demographic variables among study participants such as age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, area of work, working in health sector, family history, and chronic health problems. Conclusion: In this study, the research scholar concluded that there was no correlation between knowledge and perception towards prevention and early detection of cancer among adult.

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Key Words: Knowledge, Perception, Cancer, Prevention, Detection

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This study compares the water quality and species richness between the partially polluted Devapur Minor project and the non-polluted Nandigama Minor project. Water quality parameters such as pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were analyzed alongside species richness to assess the ecological health of these projects. The pH levels in both projects remained within acceptable ranges for aquatic life, with minor fluctuations observed. However, the TDS levels showed variations between the projects, with Devapur exhibiting higher TDS values compared to Nandigama. Species richness data were not provided in the provided information. Continuous monitoring and management practices are recommended to maintain optimal water quality for the well-being of aquatic ecosystems in both projects.

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PH meter, TDS Meter, Water sample, Camera, DO method birds observation, Devapur Minor project, Nandigama Minor project, water quality, species richness, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, ecological health, monitoring, management. practices.t

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Background: Hypertension is a growing public health concern linked to cardiovascular disease. Effective management hinges on patients' knowledge about the condition and their adherence to medication. This study assessed these factors in a North Indian tertiary care hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 1000 participants (April 2021-October 2022) using systematic random sampling. Validated Morisky questionnaires evaluated knowledge and medication adherence. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software. Results: Among the 1000 participants (520 male, 480 female), 78.3% demonstrated adequate general knowledge of hypertension. However, a concerning knowledge gap existed regarding individual disease status. Notably, 21.7% were unaware of their diagnosis, 33.6% couldn't recall their diagnosis blood pressure, and 73.0% were unaware of their most recent blood pressure reading. Medication adherence was suboptimal, with forgetfulness (32.0%) and disrupted routines (18.0%) cited as primary reasons. Conclusion: This study identified a disconnect between general hypertension knowledge and personal disease understanding. Despite some knowledge, many patients lacked awareness of their diagnosis and blood pressure control. Additionally, medication adherence was low. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address knowledge gaps and adherence barriers, ultimately improving blood pressure control.

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Hypertension, Knowledge, Awareness, Medication Adherence, Blood Pressure Control

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?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? 1724 ?? 1750 ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???, ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???, ????? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ?????-?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???, ???? ?? ????-????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??, ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????, ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??, ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????, ?????????, ???????, ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????????, ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???

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????? ???????, ????????, ??????? ?????, ??????-????? ?????, ????-????? ?????, ?????, ?????? ????, ??????? ?????, ????????, ?????????, ???????, ???? ?? ?????

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??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??, ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ??, ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? 2015 ??? '??? ????? ??????' ?? '?????? 2030' ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????????, ???????, ??????????, ???? ????? ??? ????????, ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ???????, ????? ??????? ??? ???????, ?????????, ?????? ?????????, ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????, ???????? ?? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???, ???????-?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???-???? '?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????- ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????,' ??? ?? ?? ???

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????? ?????- ?????? ????????, ??? ?????, ???????? ??????? , ???, ??????? ?

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This comparative study examines risk and return dynamics in the pharmaceutical sector, assessing financial metrics, market trends, and regulatory landscapes. By focusing on publicly traded companies across various segments, it aims to provide insights for investors and policymakers to understand risk profiles and inform decision-making. Utilizing quantitative analysis techniques and historical data, the study seeks to offer a comprehensive evaluation of risk-return trade-offs and their implications for stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Risk and Return, Pharma Sector and Beta.

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This study examines into the intricate tapestry of colonial travel narratives, meticulously unraveling the intricacies of the politics of representation interwoven within. The primary objective is to discern the intricate ways in which power dynamics, biases, and cultural preconceptions find expression and perpetuation through the art of representation. Employing a rigorous examination of a diverse array of textual and visual narratives from the imperial period, the study meticulously dissects the types and tropes used in these accounts. Through this methodical exploration, the research adeptly navigates the complex terrain of colonial perspectives, shedding light on the foundational socio-political dynamics that shape and influence the composition of these narratives. Ultimately, the paper aspires to advance our understanding of the broader implications of representation within the context of colonial encounters and its enduring impact on the narrative fabric of history.

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Travel Narratives, Unraveling, Power Dynamics, Colonial Encounters

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The perspective of higher education is undergoing a profound transformation driven by the convergence of information technology (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI). This paper digs into the multifaceted applications of these technologies, analyzing their potential to revolutionize teaching, learning, and research practices. We explore how IT and AI can personalize learning experiences, enhance accessibility, promote deeper engagement, and foster innovative research methodologies. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with their integration, including ethical considerations, data privacy concerns, and the need for faculty development.

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Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology, Personalized Learning, Higher Education

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ABSTRACT Background of the study: During the past decades musculoskeletal disorders have been progressively common throughout the world. It is the one of the most common work related complication in working individual. Due to inactive and tiring lifestyle; there is a constant increase in severity, frequency and intensity of pain in neck that may cause stiffness and tension on areas of neck. Musculoskeletal complaints regarding neck region are extensively present in sewing machine workers. As this profession involves highly monotonous, repetitive work in sitting position with bent neck and upper part of back curved on the sewing machine for longer duration. This kind of effort requires greater concentration and precision.1 Aim of the study: To evaluate the effectiveness of isometric neck exercises among self employed sewing machine operators Methodology: The design selected for the study was pre experimental one group pretest - posttest design. 40 self employed sewing machine operators are selected by using non probability sampling technique (Convenient & purposive sampling). Knowledge was assessed through a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. ; Visual Analogue Scale for assessment of neck pain. Results: Present study revealed, majority 15(37.5%) of the self employed sewing machine operators were in the age groups 21-25 years and very few 4(10.0%) were in the age groups of 31-35 years, majority 22(55.0%) of the self employed sewing machine operators were males and 18(45.0%) were female, majority 28(70.0%) of the self employed sewing machine operators were married and remaining 12(30.0%) were singles, majority 26(65.0%) of the self employed sewing machine operators were belongs to the nuclear family and remaining 14(35.0%) were belongs to the joint family, majority 14(35.0%) of the self employed sewing machine operators had income between Rs11000-15000 and remaining 7(17.5%) had income between Rs5000-10,000, majority 14(35.0%) of the self employed sewing machine operators had work experience between 2-3 years and very few 6(15.0%) had work experience between 4-5 years, majority 29(72.5%) of the self employed sewing machine operators working 4-5 hours/day and very few 4(10.0%) working 2-3 hours/day, majority 30(75.0%) of the self employed sewing machine operators had not utilized rest hours and remaining 10(25.0%) had utilized rest hours, it was seen that out of 40 self employed sewing machine operators, majority 28(70.0%) had mild neck pain, followed by 7(17.5%) had moderate pain, very few 5(12.5%) had severe neck pain and there were no sewing machine operators with NO Pain. It was revealed that there was no association between neck pain of Self Employed Sewing Machine Operators with selected demographic variable such as utilization of rest hours, but pain score was highly associated with Age, gender, marital status, types of family, family income, work experience and working/day with chi-square p-value less than 0.0001. Conclusion: It was concluded that isometric neck exercise was highly effective in reducing pain among the self employed sewing machine operators.

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Key Words: Isometric Neck Exercises, Neck Pain, Self Employed Sewing Machine Operators

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Tonk

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With applications ranging from playlist creation and music recommendation to content-based music retrieval, music genre categorization is a crucial task in the field of music information retrieval. This review article offers a thorough analysis of the most recent approaches, difficulties, and trends in music genre classification. We examine several approaches, such as audio-based and lyrics-based approaches, hybrid models that incorporate multiple modalities, and features utilized for automatic genre classification. The study analyzes how music genre classification has changed over time, moving from manual feature extraction and genre taxonomy, two old methodologies, to more recent advancements in deep learning and neural networkbased techniques. We investigate the effects of massive music datasets and data augmentation methods on the effectiveness of genre classifiers. Furthermore, we discuss the evaluation of classification models, including widely used metrics and benchmark datasets. Cross-genre classification, fine-grained genre classification, and the incorporation of cultural and contextual aspects into the categorization process are just a few of the difficulties and open research problems in the discipline that are discussed. We also stress how important it is for users to trust and accept music genre classification models, which is essential for implementation in real-world applications. The study also discusses how music genre classification can be used in realworld contexts in fields like music streaming, recommendation engines, and music analysis. Last but not least, it provides information about possible future prospects for study in this field, including making use of cutting-edge tools like neural network search, federated learning, and the incorporation of user feedback for customized genre classification. With the goal of illuminating the most recent developments and the difficulties that still remain in the effort to more fully comprehend and automate the classification of musical genres, this study promises to be an invaluable resource for researchers, practitioners, and amateurs interested in music genre classification.

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audio classification, feature extraction, musical genre classification, music information retrieval, artificial neural network, MFCC, multiplayer perceptron, spectrogram.

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Creation or deconstruction of literature is a great challenge for a writer. The review of the past in the contemporary context or the new one in the context of the past, analysis, Values or re-examination of values probably not only makes the quality of literature excellent, but also makes the reader concuss. Through deconstruction, a parallel linear formula is developed with the present, in which the multidimensionality of meaning is inserted. In the 19th century or earlier, there were many changes in people's thinking and consciousness, but people were hit by two consecutive world wars by which brought a radical change in the world of thought. In that sense the 20th century is the pasture of theoretical analysis. French Philosopher Jacques Derrida was one of its main pioneers. His mind and philosophical analysis extended postmodern philosophy in a different direction. Even today, the trend of divergent views and analysis of literature continues. Dr. Tapodhir Bhattacharya is an eminent discussant and pioneer of the Binirman theory in Bengali literature. In the proposed article there will be discussed about writer Selina Hossain's' most discussed novel 'Neel Mayurer Jouban' which is a search for roots of a race. Not only that re-evaluation of values, had transplantation of present in the older ones reflected.

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construction, deconstruction, contemporary, context, values, ultidimensionality, revisionism, symbolic, parallel, linear, and representative.

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The word "creativity" has its origins in the Latin term "creare," which means "to create" or "to produce." The concept of creativity has been a fundamental aspect of human expression and innovation throughout history. While the term itself may not have been explicitly coined until relatively recently, the essence of creativity--manifested through artistic endeavours, scientific discoveries, and technological innovations--has been integral to human culture for millennia. The formal study and exploration of creativity as a distinct psychological phenomenon emerged in the 20th century, with pioneers such as psychologist J.P. Guilford and his work on divergent thinking contributing to the development of the modern understanding of creativity. Since then, creativity has become a subject of interdisciplinary inquiry, with researchers from various fields seeking to elucidate its nature, mechanisms, and implications across diverse domains of human endeavour.

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"CREATIVITY MEASUREMENT FROM PAST TO TODAY"

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