Volume 12 | Issue 3

 Abstract

With rapid growth of industries and other anthropogenic activities, chances of direct or indirect contamination of soil, water and air by metallic wastes are increasing day-by-day (Sivakami et al., 2015). Most of these heavy metals, such as, arsenic, lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, selenium, etc. are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic in nature even at low concentration. Being highly potent environmental pollutants, their removal from the medium becomes a necessity for well- being of the biotic components of the environment (Singh et al., 2020). Different physical, chemical and biological methods adopted for removal of heavy metals from the medium have been reported (Yadav et al., 2018). Among them, biological method using cyanobacterium have been widely studied. Cyanobacterium and other algal cells have been reported to be helpful in removal of heavy metals via biosorption, bioaccumulation and biotransformation (Jyoti Priya et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2023).

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nostoc carneum, cyanobacterium

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Cyber crime has grown with the internet as an apparatus to unlawful ends like frauding, trafficking in child predator and belonging, burglary or violating privacy. Internet is became the habit of everyone in today's life. Internet has everything that you want in day to day life. Computer has very much become the central to commerce, entertainment and government. First Worldwide adoption of computers is United States and early most of victims and offenders of cybercrime were Americans. The foremost of the cyber crime is associate in nursing attack on information concerning people, companies and government. Cyber crime ranges from a broad spectrum of activities. At one aspect crime that involve basic breaches of private or company privacy . Another side are crime that involves individual with corporations or government bureaucracies for profit or political objectives. Cybercrime also ranges from spam, hacking and threats against specific sites to act of cyber terrorism. To prevent from all type of cyber crime the branch name cyber security is made to protect all the network and system from the cyber attack. India does not have a separate dedicated cyber law, it comes under the criminal law of India. In a Democratic country like India everybody has their right to freedom in some way all the citizens has the correct to web or liberty to attach. Right to internet is directly associated with the Human Rights. International human rights makes balance between the crime management and respect for rights of human. The expanding realm of cybercrimes involves offences like cyberstalking, fraud,cyberbullying, phishing or spamming but also extends to the violation of intellectual property rights (IPR). These infringements involve online theft of copyright material, trademarks, trade secrets , audios, videos and service marks through illicit methods such as hyperlinking, framing, meta-tagging.

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Trafficking, Company privacy, Cyber Terrorism, Hacking, Human Rights, Intellectual Property Rights

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India has a largest population in the World and the most dynamic democracy in the world. In light of the aforementioned perspective, it can be noted that elections play an indispensible role in maintaining the substance and essence of democracy. Electoral reforms were introduced by the NDA-BJP led Government through the Finance Bill, 2017 with the view that it was an effective tool for cleaning of political funding. However, the anonymity of the donors, the amendment to section 182 of the Companies Act, 2013 inter alia other factors points towards the gloomy side of Indian politics. In this paper will analyze the correlation or nexus between the hidden agenda of introducing electoral reforms and their impact on a healthy democracy.

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Key wards: Eectoral Bonds Systel, Political Financing, Denomination, anonymous donations, RTI, Electoral reforms, Companies Act 1956, Unknown Income Sources.

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The Lemongrass (Cymbopogon genus), encompassing various herbs renowned for their abundant essential oil content, has been extensively utilized worldwide for both commercial and medicinal purposes. Among these, Lemongrass oil, derived from Cymbopogon citratus, stands out for its ethno-botanical significance and therapeutic potential. Rich in properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, lemongrass oil has garnered attention for its multifaceted benefits. With mosquitoes being vectors for debilitating and deadly diseases like malaria and dengue fever, the need for effective repellents is paramount. While synthetic compounds like DEET dominate the market, lemongrass has emerged as a traditional alternative due to its historical use as a mosquito repellent. Originating from regions in Asia and Australia, Lemongrass is cultivated globally, thriving in warm, tropical climates. Its cultivation requires specific conditions including suitable soil pH and ample sunlight. The plant's morphology, characterized by linear leaves and a citrusy fragrance, contributes to its distinct appearance and aroma. Lemongrass essential oil, extracted through steam distillation, boasts a complex composition of phytochemicals such as citral, geraniol, limonene, and linalool, each contributing to its therapeutic properties. The studies have explored Lemongrass's pharmacological actions, revealing its potential in combating inflammation, filarial infections, diarrhea, and microbial diseases. Its aroma also finds application in relieving respiratory issues and headaches. Despite promising findings, further research is necessary to elucidate its mechanisms of action and establish recommended dosages. In conclusion, Lemongrass emerges as a versatile botanical with significant implications for public health, particularly in mosquito control and disease prevention. Its rich chemical composition, coupled with its historical significance and pharmacological actions, positions it as a valuable asset in both traditional and contemporary medicine. However, caution is advised, especially regarding dosage and safety considerations, underscoring the importance of consulting healthcare professionals before its medicinal use.

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Lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus, essential oil, phytochemicals, pharmacological actions, mosquito repellent, traditional medicine, public health

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Preferences for Readymade and Tailored Garments amongst Sharda Exports Professionals

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This research project is made to make easier for professional to create invoicing, filing and managing client with one click.

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CRM , My Sql,Laravel,

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The study's goal was to find out how well the cardiac rehabilitation plan worked on activity tolerance, certain physiological parameters (heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG)), and quality of life in Dr. Prem Hospital Panipat patients who had recently undergone CABG surgery. This study's main ideas come from Sister Calista Roy's Adaptation Model, which is made up of four ideas: the person, nursing, health, and surroundings. Methodology: To test a goal, a quantitative research method is used. This study uses a quasi-experimental research design to find out how well a cardiac rehabilitation plan works. It does this by using a quasi-experimental nonequivalent Pretest Post Test control group design. The study took place at Dr. Prem Hospital. For the study, 60 people who had CABG surgery were chosen: 30 were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. They were all brought to the cardiothoracic surgery department. The study used a method called "total enumerative sampling." Demographic and clinical variables, the Duke Activity Status Index, heart rate, an ECG, and the SF 36 questionnaire are all used to gather data. Also, written permission was asked for. The method used was total enumerative selection. This cardiac rehabilitation scheme checked in on people who had CABG surgery once a week. On the fifth day after surgery, both the experimental group and the control group took a pre-test in the post-operative room of the cardiothoracic department. Thirty of them were put in the training group and thirty were put in the control group. The intervention group got cardiac rehabilitation for three days in a row through a planned training programme and demonstration. They were told what to do and were urged to do it over the phone. Before 30 and 60 days, changes were measured in both groups' exercise tolerance, physiological parameters (heart rate ECG), and quality of life. The standardised tools were used, and the material was approved by experts. The Cronbach alpha method was used to check the reliability of the tools. Before the samples were used to collect data, the Duke activity status index was used to measure activity tolerance and the SF-36 questionnaire was used to measure quality of life. For heart rate.9, the inter rater method ECG-.75 was used. The control group had an activity tolerance score of 45.47 + 4.883 on the post-test, which is the mean and standard deviation. The average and range of exercise tolerance levels in the control group during the post-test were 25.23 + 8.169, and the score for the independent 't' test was 12.045 for 58 degrees of freedom. The 'p' number was less than 0.001, which means it was probably real. To compare the experimental group and the control group, the quality of life score after the test was 50.4 + 9.676 for the experimental group and 30.8 + 5.372 for the control group. The independent 't' test score was 9.700 for the degree of freedom 58. At a 'p' value of less than 0.001, it was statistically significant(p value less than 0.001). Based on the study, it can be said that a mix of interventions, such as teaching, showing exercises, giving out pamphlets about cardiac rehabilitation, and phone calls to encourage people to stick with it can increase adherence to cardiac rehabilitation, which in turn improves activity tolerance and quality of life.People who went through a cardiac rehabilitation course will not get sick again or have to go back to the hospital.It makes people more likely to follow through with their therapy treatment.

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Effectiveness, cardiac rehabilitation programme, activity tolerance, selected physiological parameters, Heart rate, Electro cardio gram and quality of life CABG surgery patients

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This innovative project addresses the growing need for efficient healthcare solutions by introducing a Human Sound-Based Diseases Detection System. Leveraging advanced machine learning techniques and signal processing, the system aims to diagnose respiratory conditions like asthma, COVID-19, tuberculosis, and obstructive diseases through the analysis of audio data converted into spectrogram images. The methodology involves utilizing the Librosa library for audio preprocessing, employing the Dense Net architecture for model training, and discussing the selected database's pivotal role. Results indicate the CNN's impressive accuracy improvement from 0.3 to 0.99 during 20 epochs, highlighting the system's ability to make accurate predictions. The discussion emphasizes the need for further validation, consideration of potential biases, and exploration of additional metrics to enhance the system's applicability in non-invasive disease detection

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Asthma, Tuberculosis, obstructive, covid-19, Librosa library, CNN.

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In this study an attempt has been made to establish the differential action of high temperature on photosynthetic electron transport mediated by either PS-II or PS- I or both in Maize thylakoids after giving high temperature treatment to primary leaves. The increase in the temperature from 250C-450C cause inhibition in PS-II catalysed electron transport. The possible reason for the loss of PS-II catalysed electron transport could be depletion of manganeese from water oxidation complex. In contrary high temperature induced enhancement in PS-I catalysed electron transport due to opening of new site to donate electrons before plastocyanin by reduced DCPIP. Thus high temperature exerts differential effect on PS-II as well as PS-I in Maize plants.

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Chlorophyll, Electron transport, Photo system, Maize plants.

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Pedagogical practices are the practices that teachers need to be well-aware of in promoting student learning. The major factors that need to be put into practice in shaping pedagogical practices are, reflections, documentation , learning and research. The current empirical study delves into the pedagogical practices of Social Science teachers with special reference to their pedagogy, Teaching Learning Practices (TLPs) and digitalization in the State of Telangana. The research employs an empirical approach which is qualitative and the study cohort comprised 350 Social Science teachers from Mahbubnagar district of Telangana State. The instrument is a self-developed questionnaire based on Likert five point scale. The data was analyzed using t-test. The main findings of the study indicate that there exists a significant difference in the pedagogical practices of Social Science teachers with regard to their pedagogy, Teaching Learning Practices (TLPs) and digitalization. The study reflects certain educational implications for teachers, Heads of Institutions and also for implementing authorities. Directions for further research were also portrayed succinctly.

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Pedagogical Practices, Social Science teachers, Empirical study, Teaching Leanring Material (TLM) , digitalization.

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In recent years, machine learning techniques have revolutionized the field of computer vision, particularly in the detection of gender and age from visual data. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of two popular machine learning models, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), for gender and age detection tasks. The study evaluates the performance of SVM and CNN algorithms on diverse datasets and assesses their effectiveness in real-world applications such as advertising, security, healthcare, and surveillance. Results indicate that CNN-based approaches generally outperform SVM in terms of accuracy and robustness, owing to their ability to automatically learn hierarchical features from raw image data. However, SVM models exhibit advantages in computational efficiency and interpretability. The findings underscore the significance of gender and age detection in various domains, including personalized advertising, enhanced security measures, and improved healthcare diagnostics and treatments. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on leveraging machine learning advancements for societal benefit and underscores the importance of choosing appropriate algorithms for specific applications in gender and age detection.

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Machine Learning, Convolutional Neural Network, Gender Classification, Age Classification, Support Vector Machine

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Deepfake detection is based on a deep learning model. Deepfake content is created with the help of artificial intelligence and machine learning to replace one person's face with another person's face in pictures. These manipulated pictures will undoubtedly have an enormous societal impact. Deepfake uses the latest technology like Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) to construct automated methods for creating fake content. We use the DFDC dataset for training the model, it contains 100,000 videos of more real and fake videos. To identify real and fake images using various Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, namely EfficientNetB0, VGG-16, and Xception. Our primary objective is to determine the model that yields the highest accuracy in identifying deepfake images. Initially, we preprocess videos from the DFDC dataset, extracting frames and preparing them for input into CNN models. Subsequently, we construct and train each CNN architecture on the preprocessed data, integrating techniques like data augmentation to enhance model generalization and resilience. Performance evaluation utilizes metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score.

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Deepfake Detection, Deepfake Image, Convolution Neural Network, DFDC Dataset

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify ways by which classification and cataloguing services in the university libraries can be made more effective through the application of TQM techniques. Methodology: A total of five renowned universities of Assam are purposely sampled. The study assesses the current culture for quality management systems and also focuses on the cataloguing and classification skills of the staff. The user satisfaction level is also studied and the challenges they face in retrieving information. It investigates the idea of how timeliness is maintained, what schemes and rules are followed by those libraries and through what mode based on the principles of TQM. Findings: Study revealed that shortage of professional staff acts as the main barrier to process TQM. Recommendations are made to prioritize the needs of the users by providing excellent training to the staff. Value: The study has proven the users' requirements and the necessary actions that have to be implied to improve the efficiency of the staff. Moreover, it also focused on the proper utilization of time.

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TQM; University Libraries; Library Cataloguing; Library Classification

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Recommendation System are software application that provide or suggest item to user these System use filtering techniques to provide recommendation. The Purpose of this recommendation System provide services to small or part time Workers. It has been observed by the team that Recommendation System that are studied have not focused on small wokers like electrician and carpenters, plumber, mechanics but the corporate people.The recommendation system has been implemented in the android programming language.The results obtained were quite accurate which helps to recommend jobs to workers and workers to customers in the required work field.Where a job seeker applies to a job by creating a profile on a job portal by providing all his/her work preferences.These work preferences of each user can be collected from each user and provide worker recommendation based on their preference.

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Worker Recommendation System

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The primary aim of this study is to assess the impact of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the performance enhancement, combustion efficiency, and emission reduction of cotton seed oil biodiesel (B20) in a single-cylinder 4stroke VCR diesel engine under varying loads (3, 6, 9, & 12 kgf) and a constant pressure of 180 bar. TiO2 nanoparticles were incorporated into B20 at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 parts per million (ppm). Remarkable enhancements in engine operating parameters were observed with the utilization of Nano fuel, particularly across different load conditions. At a load of 9 kgf, key combustion parameters such as net heat release rate (NHRR), mean gas temperature, cylinder pressure, and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) exhibited notable increases of 18.46%, 5.74%, 12.29%, and 10.72% respectively. Moreover, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased by 7.69% with B20 containing 75 ppm TiO2. Compared to conventional diesel, there were significant reductions in emissions, including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (UHC), and smoke opacity, showing decreases of 74.46%, 10.78%, and 42.24% r .

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Cottonseed Biodiesel, Titanium dioxide, Performance parameters, Combustion characteristics, Emission

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study and describe several factors influencing purchase decisions of life insurance products through the review of research articles and research theses. It also includes the classification of these variables into different categories. The study includes a wide range of factors that can be considered as influencing variables while making a life insurance purchase decision. Design/ methodology/approach - The research papers are analysed on the bases of searching the keywords related to factors influencing Life insurance purchase decisions in various published journals, working papers, and some other Ph.D. theses. These papers have been collected over the years. These articles are segregated into personal, social, psychological, demographic, social, cultural, functionality factors, and many more. Practical implications - The practical implication of the research is that companies, policymakers, and issuers of life insurance can watch out for investors' interests under psychological and behavioral factors before issuing new policies into the market. Under the Social Implication, investors can recognize several factors from functionality and other areas to make sound investment decisions and can also minimize their risk. Originality/ value - The essence of this paper is the identification of a wide range of factors and the literature related to them. The study is based on both, the literature on factors influencing life insurance decisions. This paper does not only focus on identifying the factors but also on understanding how these factors can influence the process of decision-making. Thus, this paper generated interest in the readers to find different categories of factors and their influence in making a worthy purchase decision.

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Life Insurance, Purchase decisions, Investment decisions, customers, factors.

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The first reference of Kupipakwa Rasayana is found in Rasaprakash Sudhakar of Acharya Yashodhara in 12th century where the formulation is named as Udayabhaskara Rasa in the context of Rasa bhasma. Kupipakwa Rasayanas are the unique Murchana yogas of Parada. The formulation are prepared in glass bottle with the aid of Valukayantra. Mercury has a great affinity to the sulfhydryls or thiols. The mercury atom or molecule will tend to bind with any molecule present that has sulfur or a sulfur-hydrogen combination in its structure. Hence, globules of Parada molecules disintegrated rapidly in sulfur during the preparation of Kajjali. There are also procedures and samskaras mentioned to potentiate the formulations or drugs. One such samskara (process) is mardana samskara that is used as a purification procedure of Parada as well as a bhavana for preparing Khalviya yogas (preparation made in mortar and pestle). SEM study suggests more fine nature of kajjali prepared in 7days(micron to nano size) than prepared in 2 days( 1 to 10 micron size) . 7)For the effective role in therapeutic bio-availability of metallic and mineral preparation,particle size is one of the important factor as it decides the permeability of drug through cells, tissues and blood capillaries.(Goldberg, M., Langer, R. and Xinqiao, J., Nanostructured materials for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 2007, 18(3), 241-268).

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kupipakva gandhak . kajjali, valukayantra, khalviya yoga, murchana yogas, mardana,samskara

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The HOSTEL ADDA is a comprehensive online platform that allows users to search for and book suitable hostels based on their preferences and require-meuts, The website provides a user-friendly interface that enables users to easily navigate and search for hostels based on various criteria such as location, price range, facilities, and availability. The website offers a range of features and functionalities including a secure and reliable booking sys-tem, reviews and ratings from previous guests, and detailed information about each hostel such as photos, descriptions, and amenities. The website also includes additional features such as maps, virtual tours, and information about local attractions to enhance the user experience. The main objective of the hostel finding website is to provide an efficient and reliable platform for users to find and book suitable hostels that meet their needs and preferences. The website aims to offer a comprehensive listing of hostels that includes detailed information about each hostel, making it easy for users to compare and select the best options. The website also focuses on ensuring that the booking system is secure and reliable, and that users can easily book their preferred hostels online. Reviews and ratings from previous guests help users to make informed decisions about the quality of the hostels, while additional features such as maps and virtual tours make it easier for users to plan their trips. Overall, the hostel finding website is an essential tool for anyone looking to find and book hostels online. With its comprehensive listing of hostels, user-friendly interface, and additional features, the website provides an efficient and reliable platform that makes it easy for users to find and book suitable hostels that meet their needs and preferences.

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online platform, search, book, user- friendly interface, criteria, location, price range, facili- ties, availability, secure booking system, reviews, ratings, detailed information, photos, descriptions, amenities, maps

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In recent years India has seen a tremendous growth in the number and types of institutions providing higher education. In order for organizations and individuals to remain competitive in a rapidly changing environment, demand for education and training has become more critical than before. To respond to this demand, new institutions have continued to emerge. At present, India has about 304 Universities, including 62 Deemed Universities, 11 open Universities, and 15,000 colleges, incorporating approximately 10 million students and 0.5 million teachers. The performance of higher education institutions is a growing concern. The pressure for quality assurance poses a major challenge for higher education as in case of many developing countries including India. With increasing interaction of commerce, trade and education across national borders, needs for measures of the quality of education in a given country or region are growing each year. NAAC is an autonomous institution, established by the UGC in 1994. The primary objective of NAAC is to assess and accredit institutions of higher learning with an objective of helping them to work continuously to improve the quality of education. The aim is to provide universities with the best evidence for informing their focus and models for quality improvement. According to the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, only about 10-11% of the population in the relevant age-group is enrolled in higher education, and a mere 5% graduate with degrees. Quality assurance refers to the policies, attitudes, actions and procedures necessary to ensure that quality is being maintained and enhanced. Accreditation refers to an evaluation of whether an institution qualifies for a certificate status. The purpose of this paper is to determine the state of research in a review of quality assurance in higher education institutions based on a review of the academic literature

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Quality Assurance, Higher Education Institutions, UGC, AICTE, NAAC, NBA, QAA

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This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the risk and return profiles of Information Technology (IT) companies over a five-year period from 2019 to 2023. The IT sector is renowned for its dynamism and innovation, yet it is also subject to significant market volatility and risk factors. This research aims to provide investors, analysts, and policymakers with valuable insights into the performance and stability of IT companies, thereby facilitating informed decision-making. The findings of this research contribute to the existing body of knowledge on financial analysis and investment management within the IT sector. They also offer practical implications for investors seeking to optimize their portfolios and mitigate risk exposure in the rapidly evolving landscape of technology-driven industries. Overall, this study underscores the importance of conducting thorough comparative analyses to assess the risk and return characteristics of IT companies, thereby assisting stakeholders in making informed decisions in the pursuit of their financial objectives.

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Risk and Return, IT sector, Beta

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