Volume 12 | Issue 3

 Abstract

The increasing sophistication and frequency of cyber-attacks have exposed the limitations of traditional signature-based intrusion detection systems in identifying evolving and previously unseen threats. The presence of highly imbalanced network traffic, scarcity of labeled attack samples, and the dynamic nature of cyber threats significantly reduce the effectiveness of conventional machine learning-based detection approaches. This research proposes an intelligent cyber-attack detection framework that integrates Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to improve the accurate detection and classification of network intrusions. The proposed framework employs GAN-based synthetic data generation to address class imbalance by producing realistic minority attack samples, thereby enhancing the quality and diversity of training datasets. Following data preprocessing and feature engineering, the augmented dataset is utilized to train multiple ML and DL models, including Random Forest, XGBoost, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and hybrid CNN-LSTM architectures. A comparative evaluation is performed using publicly available benchmark intrusion detection datasets such as CIC-IDS2017, CIC-IDS2018, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and Bot-IoT. The proposed framework is evaluated using performance metrics including Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Receiver Operating Characteristic-Area under the Curve (ROC-AUC), False Positive Rate (FPR), and computational efficiency. The integration of GAN-based data augmentation with hybrid learning models is expected to substantially improve minority attack detection, reduce false alarms, enhance model generalization, and strengthen robustness against emerging and zero-day cyber threats. The proposed framework provides a scalable, adaptive, and intelligent intrusion detection solution suitable for modern enterprise networks, cloud computing environments, Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, and other resource-constrained cyber infrastructures, thereby contributing to the development of next-generation intelligent cybersecurity systems. This work directly supports the objective of developing an integrated GAN-ML-DL framework capable of overcoming class imbalance and limited attack data while achieving highly accurate network intrusion detection.

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 Keywords

Cyber-Attack Detection; Network Intrusion Detection; Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs); Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Class Imbalance; Data Augmentation; Network Security.

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Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework, this study examines the longitudinal relationship between family-friendly human resource (HR) practices and employee well-being in the Indian organizational context, with work engagement as a mediating mechanism. Indian workplaces increasingly face challenges such as extended working hours, work-family conflict, and dual-income households, making it critical to understand how supportive HR practices influence employee outcomes over time. Prior research has largely relied on cross-sectional designs in Western or East Asian settings, leaving empirical evidence from emerging economies like India limited. To address this gap, the study proposes a three-wave time-lagged conceptual framework. Family-friendly HR practices--including flexible working arrangements, parental leave, remote work options, and organizational support for family responsibilities--serve as key job resources. Work engagement, conceptualized through vigor, dedication, and absorption, is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between HR practices and employee well-being, which encompasses psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and reduced burnout. The conceptual model suggests that family-friendly HR practices positively influence employee well-being directly and indirectly through enhanced work engagement over time. By extending the JD-R framework to the Indian context, this study offers theoretical and practical insights for organizations seeking to promote sustained employee engagement and well-being. The findings highlight the strategic importance of implementing supportive HR practices to foster healthier and more sustainable workplaces, particularly in emerging economy contexts.

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Family-friendly HR practices; Employee well-being; Work engagement; Longitudinal study; India; Job Demands-Resources framework

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of renewal premium performance between public and private life insurance companies in India after the liberalization era. Using IRDAI based data from FY2000-01 to FY2020-21, the study highlights the changing percentage share of renewal premiums between Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and private life insurers. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, compound growth rate) are applied to measure the relative performance and volatility of renewal premiums. Findings indicate that although LIC has retained dominance in renewal premiums, its share has consistently declined over time, while private insurers have gained significant ground, with a compound growth rate of over 45%. The analysis underscores the importance of customer retention, persistency, and product design in determining renewal outcomes.

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Renewal premium, Life insurance, Public vs Private, Liberalization, Persistency, India, IRDAI

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Concrete place a vital role in construction field. As we know it is strong in compression but brittle and weak in tension. In order to overcome this problem, we generally use steel, but now day's different fibres available in market. Glass fibre reinforced concrete (GRC) is a material made of a cementitious matrix composed of cement, sand, water and admixtures in which short length glass fibres are dispersed. Concrete has several desirable properties like high compressive strength, stiffness and durability. But by the use of alkali resistance glass fibre the above properties increase up to certain Proportions. In the present experimental investigation, the glass fibre has been used to study compressive strength and tensile strength on M25 grade concrete. In this study we choose four percentages of glass fibre as 0%, 0.02% ,0.06%, 1% by concrete weight.

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Tensile strength, Compressive strength, Alkali resistance glass fibre, Portland pozzolana cement.

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Sm Incorporation Effects on the Microstructure and Optical Performance of Phosphate Glasses

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Sm Incorporation Effects on the Microstructure and Optical Performance of Phosphate Glasses

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Kashmir samasya: bharat ke samakh utpan chunautiyan aur sambhavit hal

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Kashmir samasya: bharat ke samakh utpan chunautiyan aur sambhavit hal

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Konch was come from the dynasty of Haria Mondal. During the medieval age the kingdom of Konch was famous for their dignity. They played a significant contribution in the development of greater Assam as a state and as well as the Assamese society. They ruled in the parts of greater Indian subcontinent and that falls in present some parts Assam and the some parts of West Bengal. After the decaying of Kamrupa which was ruled by Baro-Bhunyas the powerful king who was known Biswa Singha also known as Bisu had been established power and the kingdom of Kamata. Since then they had been able to influence the culture of Assamese society. During the time 16th and 17th centuries this dynasty could able to play a pivotal role in the formation of greater Assamese society. They had played significant force in the formation of social, political, cultural and economic landscape of Assam and the neighboring states at that time. Realizing the importance of the topic it is intended to formulate a brief description on the subject within its very limit. The whole process of the preparation of this paper is to be completed by applying historical method of study.

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Assamese Society, Biswa Singha, Dynasty, Kamata, Konch Kingdom etc.

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Studies on the National Movement which boasts of its huge mass participation fail to mention the contribution of the 'mass' belonging to the marginalised societies. It is a well-known fact that the struggle for independence saw the commitment of people belonging to various communities that also promoted the idea of unity in diversity. However, this diversity is rarely acknowledged. When Gandhi announced the non-co-operation on July 23rd 1920, he made a special appeal to women to help the cause of Freedom. This movement initiated the entry of women into mainstream politics. The civil disobedience and quit India movement witnessed large-scale participation of women from all over India including Darjeeling. This work tries to highlight the contribution of marginalised women from Darjeeling to the National Movement. The work is based on oral narrative in addition to archival records and secondary data.

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Women, Natives, Movement, Hill

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Probabilistic graphical models, often known as PGMs, provide a strong framework for modelling intricate interactions between various components. Through the incorporation of data about the elemental composition and structural characteristics, these models make it possible to deduce the attributes of materials from a probabilistic point of view. This technique bears promise attempts towards expediting the design of materials discovery, as it makes it easier to predict the characteristics of a wide variety of materials, including their electrical and mechanical properties, as well as their thermal and optical behaviour. The use of PGMs in the field of materials science is an example of a sophisticated approach that is used to harness data-driven insights in order to direct the discovery of novel materials that have specific functions. The objective of this study is to conduct a literature review with the intention of examining the possible applications of data science ideas, big data, and machine learning in the context of the production of artificial intelligence. This is a strategy that involves reviewing the existing literature in order to get an understanding of the use and application of computational intelligence in the cutting-edge research and innovation in materials science. Using machine learning to solve complex chemical issues that would otherwise be intractable is shown by the results of this study. Predicting the characteristics of novel materials based on their composition and structure may be accomplished via the use of PGMs, which provides a potential route within this field.

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Novel Materials; Composition and Structure; PGMs; Design of Materials.

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Women entrepreneurs in India work towards the economic and social development of the country and provide employment to the people. Women entrepreneurs in India have to face many difficulties to get a good position and equal right, because Indian society is a male-dominated society. Here women are underestimated in comparison to men. Despite all the problems and obstacles Indian women came out from the crowd and presented to the growth of their nation. Through this paper, it has been shown what kind of problems Indian women entrepreneurs face, what is their status in the nation and how they have created their own unique Identity by standing out from the crowd. It also shows the facilities and financial assistance provided by the government.

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Women Entrepreneurs, Success factors, challenges, problems.

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Jamaldaha Gram Panchayat, situated within Mekliganj Panchayat Samiti of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal, is home to 34 villages predominantly inhabited by the Rajbanshi community. This rural society, with a rich cultural and agricultural legacy, has undergone significant socio-economic and environmental transformations. Traditionally reliant on crops such as Pure breed Rice, Wheat, Mustard, Bamboo, Betel nut, and Jute, the community has shifted toward modern cash crops like High yielding Paddy, Tea and Potatoes, driven by market demands and technological advancements. This transition has had profound implications on their socio-economic structures, environmental sustainability, and cultural practices. The introduction of modern cultivation methods, chemical fertilizers, and hybrid seeds has resulted in soil degradation, water scarcity, and a decline in biodiversity. Sacred bamboo groves, a cultural hallmark, and traditional sustainable practices such as the Hauli system have largely disappeared, disrupting the community's cohesion and environmental balance. Economic disparities have widened as wealthier entrepreneurs dominate the agricultural landscape, leaving small landholders dependent and vulnerable. Environmental impacts include groundwater depletion, soil erosion, and contamination from unregulated use of insecticides and herbicides. Furthermore, the eradication of weeds, many with potential medicinal and genetic value, poses a significant risk to ecological and agricultural resilience. Despite short-term economic gains, these changes have threatened the region's long-term sustainability. To address these challenges, this study advocates for the integration of indigenous knowledge with modern practices, the promotion of traditional crop cultivation, and the regulation of chemical usage. Conservation of biodiversity and equitable socio-economic measures are essential to restore balance and ensure sustainable development for the Rajbanshi community.

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Rajbanshi community, Agricultural transformation, Biodiversity loss, Socio-economic disparity

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A state in southern India called Telangana has a rich and varied cultural history. There are numerous tribes in the area, and they have long coexisted peacefully with the environment. These tribes have distinctive traditions that have been handed down through the generations. The Gond, Koya, Lambada, and Banjara and Yerukala are notable tribes in Telangana. There are numerous different tribal communities also there in Telangana, each tribe with its own distinctive culture, traditions, and way of life. The tribal communities are crucial to preserving and promoting the state's renowned rich cultural history. The present article deals with different tribal groups in Telangana and also its socio, economic and cultural conditions.

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Key words: Southern India, Telangana, culture,traditions tribal communities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A state in southern India called Telangana has a rich and varied cultural history. There are numerous tribes in the area, and they have long coexisted peacefully with the environment. These tribes have distinctive traditions that have been handed down through the generations. The Gond, Koya, Lambada, and Banjara and Yerukala are notable tribes in Telangana. There are numerous different tribal communities also there in Telangana, each tribe with its own distinctive culture, traditions, and way of life. The tribal communities are crucial to preserving and promoting the state's renowned rich cultural history. The present article deals with different tribal groups in Telangana and also its socio, economic and cultural conditions.

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Key words: Southern India, Telangana, culture,traditions tribal communities

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 Abstract

chattishgadhi sahitya me janula

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chattishgadhi sahitya me janula

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integral representations and recurrence relations of hypergeometric functions of four variables, Also Majid and Younish [16] have established certain generating functions of some quadruple hypergeometric series. In the present paper, we shall derive self generating relations cum Taylor's series and Maclaurine's series expansions involving hyergeometric functions of four variables.

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Hypergeometric functions of four variables, Generatig Functions, Taylor's and Maclaurine's series expansions

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The present research was designed to study the stress coping ability of parents of mentally challenged children. Data was collected from a sample of 200 parents of mentally challenged children studying in various special schools in Ambala district. Descriptive survey method was used. The results showed that moderate levels of stress coping ability of parents of mentally challenged children. Also, significant gender, and locality, wise difference are noted in the stress coping ability of parents of mentally challenged children.

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parents, mentally challenged children, stress coping ability

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A textile is the largest single industry in India (and amongst the biggest in the world), accounting for about 20% of the total industrial production. Textile and clothing exports account for one-third of the total value of exports from the country. There are 1,227 textile mills with a spinning capacity of about 29 million spindles. While yarn is mostly produced in the mills, fabrics are produced in the power loom and handloom sectors as well. Textile companies could invest on the basis of current performance compared with previous year or with other company. Decision making, additional investment, liquidity position changes in working capital depend upon the performance & return of company reports. Funds are highly required for day-to-day business operations of the firm and how to utilize it and in what way should avoid loses from the investment are discussed here plus, it happens by ineffective management. In this regard, there is need to study the financial performance of Textile Industry in India. The descriptive and analytical research methods will be used for this study. This study mainly depends on secondary data. This study will be used on the liquidity ratio is the ratio that describes the company's ability to meet short-term liabilities, solvency ratio is the ratio that describes the company's ability to meet longterm obligations and the profitability ratio is the ratio that measures the company's ability to generate profits. The four variables were used as proxy for checking the linear relationship between financial performance, liquidity, turnover and solvency are Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), Current Ratio (CR), Quick Ratio (QR), Inventory Turnover Ratio, Assets Turnover Ratio (ATR) and Debt Equity Ratio (DER) respectively for ten leading textile units working in India based on the market capitalization share.

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Textile Companies, Financial Performance and Profitability

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Context, Point of View, Schema, Cognitive Effects and Readers Perception

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This paper presents a new approach to compliance procedures and aims to aid regulators in the process of regulating financial institutions. We propose a model which enables regulators to act as advisors to financial institutions about the expected, acceptable level of behavior. The institution then acts to optimize its business conduct with respect to maximizing profits and meeting the advised level of conduct [1] This is an improvement from the current situation, where advisers to the financial industry provide stepwise regulations (if they do 'A', then they must do 'B' or face penalty) which can be complex, ambiguous, and non-optimal in terms of aligning the interests of the financial industry and the general public. Our model culminates in a system of analytics and a virtual environment which serves as a test bed for market regulations. In recent times, the financial industry has been perceived as an environment dominated by greed, collusion, and corruption [1]. Consequently, financial institutions have been under discussion with regards to compliance and regulations. It is generally assumed that regulators are responsible for the implementation of new regulations and compliance procedures. But in actual fact, compliance procedures and the subsequent penalties for non-compliance are a result of lawsuits filed against financial institutions for alleged fraud cases.Although it is an important development in reg tech, AI learning and monitoring is something that is held as controversial for regulated entities. AI automation has huge potential to improve cost efficiency and at the same time increase the effectiveness of regulation. However, the downside for regulated entities is that it becomes easier to detect wrongful actions and breaches, increasing the probability that they will be caught. This can be seen as an increase in the rate of enforcement and has the potential to create the very regulatory burden that the AI system was trying to alleviate [8]. Decision rules inferred from data can be used to automate and monitor the behavior of the regulated entity. This ranges from passive surveillance, in which the monitoring system alerts a human when the regulated entity has done something that warrants further investigation, to full automation, in which the monitoring system is taking the same actions as it is monitoring on the regulated entity.

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Compliance, artificial intelligence, algorithms, Finance, globalization, intelligent, technology, regulations, computer systems, information, AI techniques

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 Abstract

Topical drug delivery system is a painless route of drug administration. There are different skin diseases and infections caused by fungus and microorganisms. which are treated with the probiotics or living microorganism which are used as active pharmaceutical agent. The purpose of writing this review article was to compile the recent literature with a special focus on a rational approaches of topical probiotic gel formulation and basic components of topical drug delivery systems. Topical applications of drugs have advantages of delivering the drug directly at the site of action and acting for a prolong period of time. Skin is one of the most widespread and important accessible organs on the human body for topical incorporation. it is the main route of topical drug delivery system. Many widely used topical probiotic products like ointments, creams and lotions have number of disadvantages as they are usually very sticky causing un-comfort to the patient after application. Moreover, they also have less spreading coefficient and need to apply with rubbing and also have the problem of stability , due to all these factors, within the major group of semisolid preparations; the use of gels has increased both in cosmetics and in pharmaceutical preparations because, A probiotic gel is colloid and it is typically 99% by weight formed by liquid material, which is immobilized by surface tension between it and a macromolecular network of fibers built from a small amount of a gelatinous ingredient present in the formation. In this revive we discus about the general Prepration and evaluation of probiotic gel

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Skin, Probiotic, gel, Topical, Novel

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