Volume 11 | Issue 3

 Abstract

The pandemic coronavirus SARS CoV-2 in the world has caused a large infected population suffering from COVID-19. To curb the spreading of the virus, WHO urgently demanded an extension of screening and testing; thus, a rapid and simple diagnostic method is needed. The ease-of-use and rapid turnaround time of reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and dry swab RNA extraction free method offer the potential to expand access to testing and decrease delays in diagnosis. In this study, ninety-four nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR (gold standard), RT-LAMP and dry swab method. In this study, 68 (72.3%) out of 94 patients were positive for SARS CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of RT-LAMP was 76.5%, 100%, 100% and 62%. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of dry swab method was 66%, 100%, 100% and 53%. Hundred percent sensitivity was occurred in RT-LAMP and Dry swab method with Ct<20. In Ct 20-30, sensitivity of RT-LAMP and dry swab method was 87.5% and 82.5%. RT-PCR method required molecular facility; trained technician; and it takes several hours to get the results. Although sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP and dry swab methods are inferior to RT-PCR, they can be performed easily in the short period of time (less than 2 hours). Therefore, rapid and simple alternative molecular diagnostic methods should be considered for diagnosis of SARS CoV-2 infection.

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SARS-CoV-2, RT-PCR, RT-LAMP, dry swab RNA extraction free method, Cycle threshold

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Humans and other living species require freshwater, yet only around 2.5 percent of the world's water is potable. Freshwater is scarce throughout the world, with only one-third of the population having access to safe drinking water. Solar still is the one method in the direction of the portable water purification process in which hydrological cycle's nature principle. The current review on performance analysis of solar still using various techniques represents recent work to improve the performance and output of the solar still distillation method. Various techniques reviewed such as single slope solar still with sand troughs interaction, impact of glass cover, passive solar still with a twin wedge-shaped glass cover, pyramidal solar still experimental analysis and the use of passive baffles to boost single slope solar still.

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Solar still, Glass Cover

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Hormones play a crucial role in muscle growth and development. Testosterone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are the primary hormones that influence muscle growth. Testosterone promotes muscle protein synthesis by activating specific genes, which stimulate muscle cells to increase protein production. Growth hormone stimulates the production of IGF-1, which enhances muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. IGF-1 also stimulates muscle protein synthesis and inhibits protein breakdown. Insulin, in addition to its role in glucose metabolism, also plays a significant role in muscle growth by enhancing protein synthesis and reducing protein breakdown. Other hormones such as cortisol and estrogen can also influence muscle growth but have opposing effects to testosterone and IGF-1. Understanding the role of hormones in muscle growth can help individuals optimize their training and nutrition strategies to achieve their desired muscle development goals.

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Chemical messenger, Catabolic, Anabolic, Hormones

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Abstract Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder in which RBCs of patient becomes sickle shaped, thereby decreasing oxygen carrying capacity. It is not necessarily expressed since birth but may appear in any age. It is caused by a gene that is heterozygous, it results in abnormal haemoglobin known as HbS. The polymerization of HbS alters both the structure and function of erythrocytes, initiating a cascade of events that ultimately affect a wide range of tissues. In India, the disease is found in many people who are unaware of it and usually remain untreated. Indian government is also running few programs to make people aware and proceed for treatment. The disease was first discovered in 1910, since then a sequence of studies has been done, and still going on to fight against the disease. The frequency of disease is more in people of tribal area in India, who belong to specific caste.

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Key words: Sickle cell disease; RBCs; erythrocytes; HbS; polymerization.

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Ultrasonic pulse velocity is a non-destructive method that is used to measure the properties of concrete and detect the damage of recycled aggregates and natural coarse aggregates concrete such as cracks. Due to the demolition of old concrete structures, waste concrete generates an environmental problem. To solve this problem, it is necessary to recover the recycled aggregates from concrete waste. The natural coarse aggregates is replaced by recycled coarse aggregates with the help of crushing the waste concrete and providing new concrete, but there should be a change in the compressive strength and damage occur within the concrete cube. The ultrasonic pulse velocity method was used to detect the damage of concrete such as cracks in the natural coarse aggregate and recycled coarse aggregates concrete. The specimen was a 150x150x150 mm cube concrete specimen. Each concrete cube was examined for velocity readings in sound, modulus of elastic and detected the concrete damaged by applying different loads on natural and recycled concrete. The damage level increases as the ultrasonic pulse velocity decreases. After analysis, the compressive strength of natural coarse aggregate is higher than recycled coarse aggregate concrete and the velocity of natural coarse aggregate is around 19.34% higher than recycled concrete and cracks occur more in recycled concrete as compared to natural coarse aggregate concrete. The higher reduced velocity shows crack formation. The main role of this work lies in comparative study of NCA and RCA, also determining the mechanical properties of concrete including young's modulus of concrete and detecting the damage within concrete through the help of the ultrasonic pulse velocity method.

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Ultrasonic pulse velocity, Non-destructive test, Recycled coarse aggregate, Dynamic young's modulus

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Paper uploaded

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English Language, English Literature and Role

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The paper examines the inner voices of Elif Shafak's successs in balancing her writing career and motherhood and those inner voices are based on Hubert Herman's Dialogical Self Theory, DST. The DST is classified into seven types of subscales, the Integral Dialogical Activity Scale, IDAS. But, 'Leda' in 'The Lost Daughter, is only a successful Writer, and an unsuccessful Mother, has Psychological Egoism.

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Postmodernism, Contemporary Writers, Feminism, Motherhood, Dialogical, Egoism, Black Milk, The Lost Daughter, Elif Shafak, Elena Ferrante, Leda

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ABSTRACT : The act of subjecting someone to sexual behaviour without that person's permission is referred to as sexual abuse. It covers a wide range of actions, from caressing to raping.Women make up the bulk of the victims. The act of engaging in sexual activity with an individual without that person's permission is known as rape. Because of the philosophy that supports men rights to treat their wives however they choose and the wife's need to meet her partners desires, the idea of marital rape has been disregarded for years.!Now, with the evolution of marital ideals, the rise in social consciousness, and the comprehension of the idea of violence against women, it is widely accepted that a couple's desire for sexual relations, even if they are legally wedded, should be reciprocal. If not, it should be regarded as sexual abuse or rather rape. This paper discusses a wide range of defences that are advanced against the criminalisation of marital rape

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Rape, marital rape, criminalisation, marriage

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The Anxiety is the consequential effect of the gap that exists or is being visualized to exist between the judgement score and the performance score. In a Test Anxiety situation, it is generated as a consequence of the difference between the expectancy score and the valence

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ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT performance consequential

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Democratic protests that began in the Arab World in 2010 have been a case of study, debates and discussions across the world. More than a decade later, the changes in the Arab region particularly in polity, governance and social culture have met with lukewarm responses from the international community. Yet the uprisings and the demands for installing democratic processes have sprung from the region with thousands gathering voluntarily to echo support. This brings in the role of various communities and of the civil society. The paper aims to reflect on the same.

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Keywords: Arab, civil society, Gulf, democracy, human rights.

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Abstract : Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic mental health disorder characterized by an array of symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, and impaired cognitive ability1.The increasing number of Patients with Schizophrenia have self care and social deficit (such as Communication skills, Self care activities and Inter personal relationship) in mainstream health professionals require to know how to identify their needs, being capable to adapt their social skills. Therefore Recreational activities were one of the method or therapy to divert and help to focus on improving the level of Social skills. Research results carried out on this topic suggest that Patients with Schizophrenia have poor social skills. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Recreational Activity on Social Skills among Patients with Schizophrenia at Selected Hospital, Chennai. Methods: A Pre Experimental One Group Pretest Posttest Design was used to assess the Effectiveness of Recreational Activity on Social Skills among Patients with Schizophrenia at Selected Hospital, Chennai. After taking a written consent, 50 Men and women with Schizophrenia were selected using Non probability Total Enumerative Sampling Technique. The Level of Social Skills among Patients with Schizophrenia was assessed by Modified Scale for Assessment of Social Skills. The data was analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean and Standard Deviation. Comparison between pre-test and post-test Level of Social Skills was analyzed by using paired 't' test. The association between the demographic variables and post-test level of Social Skills was analyzed by using chi- square. Result: The results show the overall level of social skills among 50 Patients with Schizophrenia in pre & post test. 45(90%) of them had inadequate level of social skills and five (10%) of them had moderately adequate level of social skills in the pre test and in post test 22(44%) of them had inadequate level of social skills, 27 (54%) of them had moderately adequate level of social skills and only one (2%) had adequate level of social skills. Mean of posttest Level of Social Skills (54.02) among Patients with Schizophrenia was higher than the pretest Level of Social Skills (40.54), t value is 13.764, which was statistically significant at the level of p<0.001 There was no statistically significant association between the post-test Level of Social Skills with the selected demographic variables at the significance level of p>0.05. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that the recreational activity is an effective method and it can be easily administered to the Patients with Schizophrenia which in turn will improve the social skills and it helps to promote and improve the components such as Communication skills, Self care activities and Inter personal relationship. The study participants get benefited by participating in recreational activity.

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Effectiveness, Social Skills, Recreational Activity, Patients with Schizophrenia,

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ABSTRACT During the unceasing reorganization of the banking sector in the 1990s, the Indian economy adage substantial organizational vagaries. The introduction of derivatives in India's capital market segment strength is enumerated as one of the momentous structural modifications. These are the enhancements completed to intensify market effectiveness, crisscross discriminating hire applies, and transports the Indian capital marketplace up to stride with extra realms' capital markets. In the existing financial market situation, the spinoff market is assumed to be enormously imperative. The results market has progressively fully fledged to convert the solitary chief constituent of the comprehensive financial markets, with a revenue undoubtedly prodigious that of the even-handedness and pledge markets. By-products were familiarized in India with the goalmouth of tumbling the pecuniary souqs' intensifying explosiveness of benefit values and announcing erudite menace supervision apparatuses that would yield difficult revenues by letting down menace and contract expenses in judgment to distinct financial possessions. In a determination to healthier recognize the properties of precariousness in the routine market succeeding the overview of spinoffs in the Indian market, a study titled Spin-offs' impact on the value explosiveness in the Indian typical emporium has been undertaken. The study demonstrates a contributory association between these establishments' commodities and advert estimating. Both in the short term and the long term, it is exposed that these industries are co-integrated. Speculation stimulus, venture reimbursements, and investment analyst brashness are all features that have an impression on how nominees perform in the spinoffs souq. As the socio-demographic variable quantity impact on the features initiated was analyzed, it became vibrant that the socio-demographic variable quantity has a big impact on the factors discovered. This paper also identifies the variables influencing investors' behaviour in the derivatives market.

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market segment, capital markets, financial possessions, spinoffs emporium.

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Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with acceptable impact on the environment, or reused for various purposes (called water reclamation). Pollutants in wastewater are removed, converted or broken down during the treatment process. In this paper various available method for the treatment of water, their working principle,advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail. The various methods discussed are precipitation method, Flocculation-Coagulation, Electro-flocullation, Electro-flotation, Electrochemical Coagulation, Biological Degradation, Chemical Oxidation (Ozonation, Hydrogen Peroxide), Reverse Osmosis and adsorption. Out of all the methods discussed adsorption is found to be best because of its low cost and effectiveness but it also has certain disadvantages which are discussed.

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Wastewater treatment, contaminants, pollutants

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This article takes a look at the birth control movement as a part of women's rights movement in the early 20th century India. It charts the trajectory of the rise of the idea of birth control first in England and thence its spread in India where concern for a rising population and high rates of maternal and infant mortality triggered such discussions from the 1920s onwards. The issue was taken up diffidently by Indian women's organizations such as the AIWC, the National Council of Women and others. Consequently, the country saw the visit of international advocates on birth control and contraception such as Margaret Sanger and Edith Howe. However, the question received a mixed response among the Indian intelligentsia, socio political reformers and women themselves. Most discussions, on this highly private yet inflammatory matter, focused only on population control from the eugenics point of view and mooted late marriages, via a stricter implementation of the Sarda Act, or the Gandhian panacea in the form of continence. Gender, caste, class and religious divide made the issue even more contentious. The general consensus, on birth control via contraception, if recommended at all, nonetheless veered more towards the idea that it was for the poorer masses who reproduced irresponsibly. The article therefore argues that the birth control advocacy in India was inspired by fears of the 'yellow peril' and the debates on this issue completely overlooked women's sexuality while their right over their bodies was put on a backburner as they were merely looked upon as agencies of reproduction.

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birth control, eugenics, continence, contraception, sexuality

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The contemporary educational space in India owes much to the minutes of Macaulay. The Indian academia still bears the mark of the colonial past. Education according to the British educators was an alternative strategy to the physical subjugation of the vast and diverse country. Essentially, its introduction to Indian natives was inextricably linked to the goals of colonialism. Unfortunately, education policy was clearly enunciated in colonial terms as well.

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Indian Educational Space: A Panopticon of Disciplinary Surveillance

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The need for elephant intrusion and detection using image processing using two Arduino boards, LoRa transmitter and receiver, LCD display, relay, battery, DC motor, buzzer, and LED arises from the increasing conflict between humans and elephants in regions where elephants roam freely. Elephants often raid crops and damage property, which can lead to significant economic losses for farmers and communities. To mitigate this conflict, there is a need for an early warning system that can detect elephant intrusions and alert farmers and communities in real-time. Image processing techniques can be used to detect elephants from images captured by a camera mounted on a pole . The system consists of two Arduino boards, one for image processing and one for controlling the actuators. The LoRa transmitter and receiver are used to wirelessly transmit data between the two boards. The LCD display is used to display status information and alerts to the user. If an elephant is detected, the system activates a DC motor to move a flag or a scarecrow, which can deter the elephant from entering the area. Additionally, a relay can be used to turn on a sprinkler system to further deter the elephant. A buzzer and LED can be used to provide an audible and visual alert to the user battery can be used to power the system, making it portable and suitable for use in remote areas. The system can also be solar-powered for sustainability. The system provides an early warning and deterrence system for elephant intrusions that can help prevent economic losses and human-elephant conflict. The use of image processing techniques and wireless communication technologies make the system efficient and effective.

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LORA,LCD,Arduino

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Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in India as a unified payment solution to automate and standardize the country's various payment platforms. The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) developed UPI as an architecture framework with standard Application Programming Interface (API) specifications to create interoperability and improve the customer experience. UPI allows users to easily and securely transfer funds between bank accounts and make merchant payments using various identifiers. This study aims to analyse the UPI payment system in India and its potential future in the digital payment ecosystem. The objectives of this study are to examine the various applications of UPI, to investigate the adoption and usage rates of UPI in India, and to explore the future of UPI in digital payments. Data was collected through primary and secondary sources, including online surveys and literature reviews. This research paper reveals that UPI has become a popular payment option in India, with increasing adoption and usage rates. The future of UPI in India looks promising, with continued growth, innovation, and increased adoption expected. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of UPI in the digital payment ecosystem and its role in India's vision of a cashless economy.

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UPI, Digital Payments, Growth, Cashless economy

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Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, heterogeneous cancer with a poor prognosis and an unclear origin. The incidence of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare cancer, ranges from 0.7 to 2.0 incidences per million people per year. 15% of patients with ACC initially receive an incidental diagnosis, however the majority of patients present with excess steroid hormone or abdominal mass effects. Here we summarize the knowledge about diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy of ACC. Before surgery and after tumour excision, thorough examinations of clinical, biochemical, and imaging aspects are required for the diagnosis of malignancy. Different tools are suggested after the diagnosis in order to evaluate the prognosis for ACC and create a sound foundation for treatment choices. The total removal of the tumour is the primary option for treatment when the tumour is restricted to the adrenal gland. New targeted medicines, such as IGF-1 receptor inhibitors, have been researched in recent years, but their effectiveness is still restricted. We will have a better grasp of the pathophysiology thanks to the ongoing "omics methods" and next-generation sequencing, which should also result in better treatments.

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adrenocortical carcinoma(ACC), ENS@T staging, prognosis, mitotane, target therapy.

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The big intestine is where colon cancer typically first manifests itself. The digestive system ends with the colon. Colon cancer can strike any one at any age, but it often strikes older persons. Small, noncancerous clumps of cells called polyps that form on the inside of the colon. Over time some of these polyps can become colon cancers. Colon cancer are also known as colorectal cancer as well as rectal cancer. Which starts in the rectum, is another name for colon cancer. The second most deadlist cancer in the united states and the third most frequently diagnosed is colon & rectal cancer. Unlike colon cancer has specific environmental connections and genetic risk factors. In recent years, significant advancements in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer have been noted

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Colorectal Carcinoma, pathology, adenoma, molecular, MSI, KRAS, BRAF

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ABSTRCT: A Looking at political participation behavior of young adults in contemporary Europe, this paper provides the reader with a map of different terminologies and logics that are used to discuss youth political participation. The existing literature is examined through the lens of five guiding questions: what defines youth political participation? How does youth political participation differ from adult political participation? How do young adults develop political attitudes? How does youth political participation differ across Europe? What methods are being used to analyse youth political participation? For those researching youth political participation for the first time, this paper offers a useful overview of the topic. At the same time, it gives researchers who are already well-informed the opportunity to reflect on the current state of research in this field. Finally, this paper indicates where future research is needed. Keywords: terminologies, contradiction. comprehensive picture, Political Participation (PP).

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Keywords: terminologies, contradiction. comprehensive picture, Political Participation (PP).

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