Volume 6 | Issue 2

 Abstract

An investigation was conducted to examine the variation trend of heavy metal concentration and distribution in ambient air based on seasonal fluctuations in Kanyakumari District. The aim of this study is to measure the concentration of heavy metals in the sampling sites which are characterized by different contributions of vehicular traffic intensity, ores refining industry, mountain and paddy field areas in and around of Kanyakumari district. The elements taken: Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn in particulate matter collected on whatman filters were determined by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The obtained concentrations of trace elements were compared to their abundance from high-level and low-level emission sources.

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Airborne Particulate Matter (APM), Trace Elements (TEs), Atomic Absorption Spectrometer AAS

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Transmission lines comprises with series inductance and shunt capacitance along with resistance of the conductor. Series inductive phenomenon predominate among others owing to huge power transmit with power frequency. Shunt capacitance effects also there with larger voltage level. These parameters are distributed along the line. Receiving end voltage magnitude is higher than sending end voltage at no load and light loaded conditions pointed out by Ferranti so called Ferranti effects. Consequence of that an attempted to study these effect presented in this paper. A long transmission line of 400km considered and its parameters obtained from its equivalent circuit model. A malt lab based simulation and experimentation is conducted and test results are discussed and presented.

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Transmission line model, Ferranti effect, MAT Lab.

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Solid waste has been created since the start of human progress. Individual creates and throws away huge quantity of solid substances consistently because of quick increment in generation and utilization. Solid waste all alone is a danger for the sustainability of the environment, as it can have adverse environmental impacts which originate from unlawful dumping of waste, littering, poor sanitation and discharge of greenhouse gases (GHG). In South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC), there has been huge increment in the creation of urban solid waste. Be that as it may, there is an enormous potential for decreasing greenhouse gas emission in the methods of disposing MSW. Distinctive waste management techniques can possibly decrease the amount of MSW disposed in landfill and further lessening GHG. A questionnaire waste survey has been done in this study. Results of survey make a view that waste generation quantity depends on house size, numbers of occupants in house and income group but does not depend on occupation type. Either type of occupations does not influence the waste treatment. Few questions had been asked on present situation of waste management in study area and analyzed individual attitude on decentralized system of waste treatment as well willingness to pay fee in that direction, if required.

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Solid Waste, South Delhi Municipal Corporation, Questionnaire Survey, SPSS

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Now a day to reducing weight of the vehicle is the challenging task for design engineers,while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. In this project reducing weight of vehicles and increasing or maintaining the strength of their spare parts is considered. The main function of leaf spring is not only to support vertical load but also to isolate road induced vibrations. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been carried out to determine the safe stresses and pay loads. The aim of this project is to reduce the weight of the component without any reduction on load carrying capacity and stiffness. A single leaf with variable thickness and width for constant cross sectional area of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) with similar mechanical and geometrical properties to the multi leaf spring, was designed, fabricated and tested. It can be seen that as compared to the steel spring, the composite spring has stresses that are much lower and the spring weight is nearly 80 % lower.

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FEA,Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic, Composite Leaf Spring.

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This paper describes about the implementation of early warning bus information system to the students in real time based on IOT using email. It is aimed to provide college bus information regarding next arrival stop and live running status of bus to the students who are related to the respective bus. This system is implemented by using Raspberry pi that access GPS co-ordinate by GPS module interfaced to it. .The complete system algorithm implemented by using Python, and entire control system built using ARM1176JZFS microcontroller. This system used in wide application areas where information regarding live running status of bus needed by passengers in real time.

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Raspberry pi, GPS, Python.

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Image breaking down into parts is one of the deep techniques in image processing. During past few years, the image processing mechanisms are with a wide stretch used in different medical fields for early stage discovery, separating and seeing who a person is of diseases; in this, the time using up are important criteria to discover the diseases for the person getting care. made automatic brain diseased growth (in body) breaking down into parts and discovery are notedly important in medical diagnostics because it provides news given related to able to use structures as well as possible unused quality not normal tissue necessary to mark out surgical map. But automatic diseased growth (in body) breaking down into parts is still hard because of low in comparison and ill-defined boundaries and having no error hard question. This make observations work observations about the discovery and separating of brain diseased growth (in body) through magnetic resonance imaging mri medical images using addition to start or end of word swarm making the most out of (PSO). The algorithm is widely used and rapidly undergone growth for its rest putting into effect. This tending to new careful way is chiefly of four steps. First step is pre-processing motion picture things and not wanted divisions of mri images are taken away using going after algorithm. Second step has to do with the process of taking away the noises and high number of times part using Gaussian apparatus for making liquid clean. Third step, breaking down into parts is done using addition to start or end of word swarm making the most out of and fourth step is order, which is done by not clear C means (FCM). A being different of algorithms had been offered such as ongoing development techniques and addition to start or end of word swarm making the most out of (PSO). This approach, together with not clear C means (FCM), give powerful apparatus for making or put right things in a being different of problems of making the most out of, order, facts observations and coing into groups. The doing a play of the offered careful way is regularly valued using the mri brain images.

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Brain Tumor; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO); Segmentation; Fuzzy C-Means.

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New borns; Microcontroller; Baby Incubator; Preterm birth

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Use of Wall Materials in Broad Region in Rural India: A Regional Analysis Seema, Assistant Professor. Guest Faculty, Dept. of Geography, Jat College, Rohtak ( rvijaysangwan @gmail.com) Abstract India is a union comprising of 28 states and seven union territories. As per 2011 census, it has 640 districts. The total rural households are 16.78 crore in India. A huge disparity is exit in the use of wall materials among different states and broad regions. In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyzed the distribution of dwellings and use of wall materials in rural India. The environmental and economic conditions of the people are reflected in the use of building materials. Generally, the houses in a rural set up are built by using materials available locally. The use of wall materials differs significantly due to physiographic and climatic conditions of the region in India. For the present research work 2011 census household data has been used. Census of India has classified wall material used for residential houses into ten types like Burnt Brick, Mud / Un- Brunt bricks, Grass /Thatch/ Bamboo, Stone packed with mortar, Stone not packed with mortar, Concrete, Wood Plastic/ Polythene, GI/Metal and other materials in rural India It is recorded that the maximum houses are made of (40.03 %) Burnt brick, followed by Mud/Un-burnt brick (30.46%) Grass/thatch/Bamboo (11.90 %), Stone packed with mortar (10.04%), Stone not packed with mortar (3.64 %), Concrete (1.73 %), Wood (0.76%) and G.I/Metal Asbestos Sheets (0.46%) in rural India. Further, it is observed that 73.68 % total houses have used Burnt bricks in North Western part in rural India. The burnt bricks have traditionally been used as wall material in North Western followed by Northern part (43.65%) and Eastern part (36.67%) in rural India in 2011. On the other hand Mud/ Un-Burnt bricks are maximum used by 37.20 % in Eastern part, followed by 36.02%, Northern part, 30.94 % Western and 23.48% Southern part. While the wall of the houses (63.97 %) in North western part are made of Grass /Thatch/ Bamboo. Stone packed with mortar used in Western (12.06%) and Southern (21.63%) part in rural India. Only 7.56% houses have used different sources of wall like, Stone not packed with mortar 3.64 % , Concrete 1,73%, Wood 0.76% and G.I/Metal Asbestos Sheets 0.46% ,polythene/ plastic 0.33% and any other materials 0.64% in rural India as per 2011. Finally, it is suggested that more attention should be given by the government to improve the use of wall material particularly in north eastern and eastern part in rural India.

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Liveable, Dilapidated, Brunt Bricks, Mud, Grass/Thatch/Bamboo/Stone/Wood.,

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 Abstract

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Random Demonetisation,Systematic Demonetisation

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BSnT and 5Er-BSnT ceramics compositions were prepared by solid-state reaction method. Single phase formation is confirmed by X-ray diffraction at room temperature, with the increasing of Er3+ content at A-site the (b/a) values are increases by 1.41445 to 1.42048 respectively. Grain size and Room temperature Dielectrics analysis. The visible up-conversion photoluminescence (UC) emission spectra analysis under the excitation of 980 nm from a diode laser, a strong UC emission is observed at room temperature. The prepared Er3+ doped 5Er-BSnT compositions exhibit one red emission band at 662 nm and two strong green emission bands at 527 nm and 550 nm, which are attribute to the transitions 4F9/2 ? 4I15/2 and 4H11/2?4I15/2, 4S3/2?4I15/2 respectively and effect of the slit widths (1-5 nm) and laser powers (50-130 mW) on up-conversion emission intensity analysis

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Up-conversion spectra, Slit widths, Laser Powers, X-ray diffraction, Solid state reaction

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in various application areas including tracking applications, health related applications, and military applications. Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Network can be helpful in detecting an intruder in a battlefield. Intrusion Detection is defined as a mechanism which is used for detecting the unusual attackers. The methodology of Intrusion Detection protects the Wireless Sensor Network from inside as well as from outside attackers. The most important traits for any network are Security and Confidentiality. The network should be fully secured and the intruder should be detected before it harms the network. Our Simulation results show the advantages and uses of Multiple Sensor Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network.

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WSN, Intrusion Detection, COOJA simulator, Intrusion Detection System, Transmission Range.

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MIMO-OFDM systems, Channel estimation techniques.

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The purpose of this paper is to assess the Climate Change and its Impact of Public Health: Bangladesh Perspective and to suggest other useful methods that can be attempted in imparting knowledge to the humanity. Climate change affects public health equally directly and indirectly. Public are showing directly to changing weather conditions patterns (temperature, precipitation, sea-level rise and more frequent extreme events) and indirectly through changes in the quality of water, air and food, and changes in ecosystems, agriculture, production, individual settlements and the financial system. These direct and indirect exposures can reason death, disability and affliction. Health troubles enhance vulnerability and decrease the ability of individuals and groups to adapt to climate change.

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climate change, health, adaptation, household, vulnerable community

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India does not admit easily to broad generalizations. It is an extraordinarily complex and diverse society, and Indian elites show little evidence of having thought coherently and systematically about national strategy, although this situation may now be changing. Despite India's cultural greatness and longevity as a civilization, Indian history is often dimly perceived and poorly recorded; given an oral tradition in imparting past events and the destruction of most records, much of this history is difficult to verify. Until the middle of the eighteenth century, Indians knew little of their national history and seemed uninterested in it. Four principal factors help o explain Indian actions and views about power and security: Indian geography; the "discovery" of Indian history by Indian elites over the past 150 years; Indian cultural and social structures and belief systems; and the British rule. The discovery of history underscores the primacy of culture in India's political development and world outlook. Brief periods of imperial unity strengthened the notions of an old and great India and provided rare examples of its political unity. In the fourth and third centuries BC, indigenous leaders, the Mauryans, created an early model of national unity; in the tenth century AD, invaders, the Moguls, provided imperial leadership. This paper tries to highlight the various factors that influences on Indian Strategic Thinking.

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Influences on Indian Strategic Thinking

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Karma, Pr?yascitta., Shruti, Sm?ti, Reincarnation.

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Aluminium,solid work, ANSYS (fluent).

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Structural based theory

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Pneumatics are used in industries for a wide variety of uses, including blanking, piercing and pressing. There are many different types of presses. The most popular are pneumatic presses and hydraulic presses. These two models of presses are very similar in function. But pneumatic presses are more preferable than hydraulic presses. The greatest advantage of Pneumatic presses is their speed. Pneumatic presses are 10 times faster than hydraulic presses and they can perform many jobs faster and more efficiently. They can also be stopped at any time by opening the valves to release the air. Pneumatic presses are extremely flexible, that they can be placed in a factory in any required position, even upside down.

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Pneumatic, hydraulic presses, flexible

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The main aim of the project is to improvise the production system so as to improve the productivity and output from the machinery as well as efficiently reduce the time required for the production of corrugated box manufacturing machine As a part of Industrial Project under the syllabus prescribed for Mechanical Engineering, we as a group are working with collaboration of SUN-UP (INDIA) Paper Board Machinery Pvt. Ltd. The various types of machineries manufactured in the company include Corrugation Single Facer Fingerless Type, Corrugation Shaft less Mill Reel Stand, Corrugation Reel To Sheet Cutter 2 Ply, Corrugation Programmable Machines and Flexo Printing And Slotting Machine, Corrugation Box Making Machine, Corrugated Board Making Machine, Corrugation Machine, Dual Profile Paper Corrugation Machine, Single Facer Paper Corrugation Machine, Oblique Paper Corrugator, Bearing Mounted Corrugation Machine, Rotary Slotter, Folder Gluer, Semi-Automatic Folder Gluer, Automatic Folder Gluer, Die Punching Machinery. The changes made in the production techniques tend to improve functionality, longer service life, easy installation, user-friendliness and robust construction thus ensuring proper optimality of resources, optimization of the production speed, cost, material, timing, as well as the prevention of the wastage of the raw material

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Corrugation, Corrugated box, Paperboard manufacturing, Corrugation roller, Corrugation Machine, Flutes, Cardboard Corrugation.

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The Watermarking is an intellectual property (IP) protection technique. It can protect field-programmable gate array (FPGA) IPs from infringement. IP protection of hardware designs is the most important requirement for many FPGA intellectual property vendors. Digital watermarking has become an innovative technology for IP protection in recent years. This paper proposes the publicly verifiable watermarking for intellectual property protection in FPGA design. The chaos-based zero knowledge verification protocol is used in this watermarking detection technique. The time stamping is also used and it can resiliently resist the sensitive information leakage and embedding attacks, and is thus robust to the cheating from the prover, verifier, or third party. The synthesis tool Xilinx ISE 9.1 and different types of Xilinx FPGA chips are used to verify and implement the watermarking scheme. The zero-knowledge protocol proposed in this paper is implemented by MATLAB and C programming language, running on a PC.

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Intellectual property (IP) protection, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), publicly verifiable watermarking, zero-knowledge protocol.

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