Volume 8 | Issue 2

 Abstract

In today�s world technology improvement plays an important role in all the area. Like that technology development also plays a vitalrole in marketing field also. The technology impacted commerce is simply known as E-commerce. In E-commerce online shopping is one of the key elements. The direct marketing is going down because of rapid growth in online shopping. In this study the researcher studies the impact of online shopping among college students and the preference and satisfaction of online shopping among college students.

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Marketing, Online Shopping

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In this paper we have tried to highlight the effects of rapid development in cities of Afghanistan with a focus on Kabul, Herat, Balkh and Ghazni the process we have highlighted some aspects of traditional housings of Afghanistan and how the Government policies and geographical and climatic conditions have influenced this traditional housing. A comparative reflection on various aspects of the aforementioned cities has also been presented.

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Housing,Kabul,Mazarm,Herrat, Ghazni

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Currently , smart cards are carried by most of us for various applications such as transportation , cash, payment of bills, railway passes , ID cards , health cards , library cards . This paper aims to design a multipurpose smart card system that would perform various applications such as documents retrieval , attendance . From there we can see the potential of multipurpose smart card system and their usability.

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M.P.S.C.S::Multipurpose smart card system , m.p :: microprocessor ; S.C: smart cards

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like human beings and mimic their actions. The term may additionally be utilized to any desktop that exhibits features related with a human idea such as learning and problem-solving. The Role of Artificial Intelligence is going to be vital and essence in education sector in upcoming days.

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Artificial Intelligence, Education, Role of AI, Information Technology

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Gender budget is considered as tool for women empowerment and equity. The gender budget means achieving gender perspective at various stages of budget preparation and implementation. Various countries across the world have introduced gender budget in their budget in 1980s and 1990s onwards. Government of India implemented gender budgeting in 2004-05 budget. Ministry of Women and Child development is the nodal agency to implement the scheme in India. The present article examines the trends in gender budget expenditure in India since 2004-05. India has under taken various programme and policies for the effective implementation of this budget. As a result, various state governments, Ministries and departments have undertaken so many measures for the effective incorporation of gender budget in their budgetary allocation. The trend in the expenditure on gender budgeting in India has increased over the years. The share of gender budgeting in total expenditure is nearly 5 percent in India. The gender budget expenditure showed a growth rate of 15.06 percent during 2004-2020 period. In the budget the provision is made under two parts- Part A-100 percent women specific and Part B-30 percent women specific programme. The expenditure share of 100 percent women specific components is lower than the pro women specific scheme in India. The analysis shows that since 2004-05 the gender budget expenditure in India has increased.

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Gender Budget, Women Speicific Programme

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In my work I talk about the Globalization and its relation with the Globalization where I dwelled upon the Globalization. In the second part I did survey and focused on the advantages and disadvantages of globalization as the statistics show. After hammering out the two factors I wrote about de facto effectiveness of the Globalization and at the end I stated my estimation and conclusion.

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Globalization and International Relations

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Psychological Contract is an unwritten set of agreements that exists between the employee and employer. These are the promises and expectation that are exchanged between both the parties in an employment relationship. Parties that are involved can include employers, managers, supervisors, individual employees and work colleagues. Nature of Psychological Contract can be broadly classified as Transactional and Relational. This paper focuses on Understanding the Nature of Psychological Contract of employees working in a Mid-Scale Technological Firm. Another objective of the study is to determine if there is any significant difference in Psychological contract based on demographic factors. The study makes use of descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Post-hoc and percentage analysis for determining the Nature of Psychological Contract. The data for the research has been collected through a questionnaire and a total of 64 responses have been collected. The study concludes that the employees in this mid-scale technological firm have Relational Psychological Contract.

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Psychological Contract, Nature of Psychological Contract, Transactional Psychological Contract, Relational Psychological Contract, ANOVA, Demographic Factors.

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: In order to construct a dam, across a river, there should be enough water available in the river, where the dam is proposed to be constructed. This project is supposed to verify the place between two given points whether it is suitable for construction of dam or not using Gini Index. This project measures the water availability level, between two given points of a river, using Gini index calculated based on the availability levels of data of last 100 seasons. The availability levels are classified into three categories: 0 stands for low availability, 1 stands for medium availability and 2 stands for high availability. A dam can be constructed, if the availability level is 2. Gini index-based discretization is a supervised, top-down splitting technique. It explores class distribution information in its calculation and determination of split-points (data values for partitioning an attribute range). The project comprises of four modules. The first module deals with adding the river details and points details to the DB. The second module deals with calculating the Gini indexes based on the attributes of river point. The third module deals with generating the decision tree as a .dot file. The final module deals with generating the decision tree as a .pdf file. The Front end module is used to create the needed GUI screens for the project.

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Decision Tree Classifier, Gini Index, Top-Down Splitting Technique

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With great development in Science and Technology, the privacy and security of various organizations are condensed. Computer Intrusion and attack detection has always been a significant issue in networked environment. In most cases, there are two levels in which an intrusion may takes place i.e., in system level and the network level. Distributed Denial of Service is one of the network level attack. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack results in non-availability of services to the user. In case of organizations, this attack can result in a huge loss in terms of money or reputation since the clients of the organization cannot utilize the resources provided by that particular organization. The proposed solution to overcome this kind of attacks is, to monitor the network that is being attacked. The monitored network is analyzed and few parameters are considered from the analyzed network. These parameters are given as input data sets to machine learning algorithms for the classification of the data set. The algorithm classifies the data sets for the packets, causing the attack. These packets are then identified and terminated from the network that is being monitored.

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Minimet, Scapy, SVM, SOM, Wireshark, DDoS, Machine Learning

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In recent years considerable development in pharmaceutical products for presented and newly discovered drug and core origin products. Natural polymers are broadly used for traditional and novel pharmaceutical dosage forms. Gums are the effective additives used in the number of pharmaceutical formulation. Gums are potential excipients for NDDS. It became useful additives in various pharmaceutical dosage forms. Because they having great availability, biodegradability, non-toxicity and low costing material. Natural gums are largely used in optimization and development in pharmaceuticals as a binder, disintegrant, suspending agents, and gelling agent. The use of gum from core origin as excipients in NDDS is a most interesting and remarkable area in pharmaceutical research. In this review article, we discuss various natural gum used in pharmaceutical formulation and that role in pharmaceuticals.

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Gums and Mucilages, Classification, Applications, Isolation and Characterization.

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Investing, in stock markets, is highly risky for investors, particularly those who are new to the stock market. As people�s interest in forecasting stock prices has been recently increased, research on stock price analysis through big data and machine learning has been actively conducted. In this paper, we performed decision tree analysis for stock price prediction. A Decision tree is a tree-like model of decisions and their possible consequences. Here we are using a Decision support tool which builds decision trees from a set of training data, using the concept of information entropy. Entropy is one of the most commonly used discretization measures. It was first introduced by Claude Shannon in pioneering work on information theory and the concept of information gain. Entropy-based discretization is a supervised, top-down splitting technique. This makes this unpredictable format of business a little more predictable. We shall see how this simple implementation will bring acceptable results.

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Decision tree, Supervised Learning, Discretization, Entropy, Top-Down Splitting

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Background:Tuberculosis is one of the chronic infectious bacterial disease that still remains as major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The limited role of diagnostic methods for correct and early detection of bacilli in different types of clinical samples remains uncertain increasing prevalence of TB. Aim & Objective: The purpose of present study is to develop an in-house primer to PCR targeting the fadE-20 gene for diagnostic applicability in detection of M.tuberculosis complex species from clinically suspected cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in Genomix Carl Pvt. Ltd, Pulivendula, A.P during the period of 2 years 6 months from March 2017 to September 2019. A total of 233 different types of clinical samples were assayed in this study with optimized fadE gene primer and its accuracy was comparatively analyzed with conventional IS6110 sequence based PCR ,Acid fast Bacilli(AFB) smear microscopy and LJ-culture tests results. Results: In the present study The highest overall positivity rate of 85.4% was observed by using in-house fadE-20 PCR whereas overall positivity with IS6110 PCR was found to be 82.4%(192). The in-house fadE PCR test resulted in sensitivity of 100% & 96.1% for pulmonary and extrapulmonary culture positive specimens whereas IS6110 PCR resulted in sensitivity of 98.8% and 93.5%.respectively.Furthermore both the amplification tests gave consistently negative results from the negative control group therefore showing overall specificity of 100%. Conclusion: By comparative analysis of overall data from both amplification tests,It can be concluded from this study that the fadE-20 PCR appears to be a reliable tool for accurate identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in different types of pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples obtained from tuberculosis patients.

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Pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis, in-house primer, Polymerase chain reaction, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

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The study examined Homosexual male youth and compared the two age groups of 15-21 and 22-28 by using the psychological scales of Depression and psychological well being. (Homosexual = 80, two age groups of 15- 21= 40 and 22-28 = 40 years of age). Kinsey heterosexual homosexual rating scales were used to screen out the level of sexual orientation, Depression(Becks), psychological well being scale along with the demographic profile were employed. Results showed that Age difference emerged to be positively related to dependent measures and predicted the adjustment problems in the targeted population.

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Key words: 1.Homosexual, 2.depression, 3.psychological well being scale, 4.Kinsey heterosexual-homosexual rating scale.

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The main purpose of this research was to find out the main difference between urban and rural area women in Adjustment. The total sample consisted of 80 women were taken. The research tool for Adjustment was measured by Dr. Bhatt.. Here�t� test was applied to check the significance of Adjustment in rural and urban area women.There is no significant different show, the hypothesis is rejected. Result is show that Adjustment in More in Urban Women compare to Rural Women.

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Adjustment, Women

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ABSTRACT A quarter billion people worldwide live outside their country of nationality. Most of them are migrants, people who opt to leave their countries seeking greater opportunity. One-tenth of them, though, are refugees. They are fleeing political persecution and other acute threats. Most refugees go to countries neighboring their own, in part so that they can return home when circumstances change. The work of protecting refugees is carried out by a vast array of organizations. Some are public, others private; some are global, others grassroots. States, however, are the ultimate arbiters of their work. The international refugee regime, under the guiding hand of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), has proven adept at providing life-saving assistance in response to emergencies but has been challenged to provide meaningful opportunities for the long-term displaced or support the communities hosting them. Compounding the challenges, it faces is the retreat of many advanced democracies amid rising anti-immigrant sentiment. Established by the 1951 convention and its 1967 protocol, the regime envisioned refugee status as a temporary one for people who fear or have suffered persecution on the basis of race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion and who as a result require protection until they can return to their countries of origin; gain permanent residency in the country to which they have fled; or be resettled in a third country. The current state of the international refugee regime provides us with tried and tested tools to address them. What is needed now is to put our collective resources and capacities to their most effective use. We are already seeing this in the recent move towards creating a proposed Global Compact on Responsibility Sharing for Refugees, as set out in the UN secretary-general�s report, In Safety and Dignity: Addressing Large Movements of Refugees and Migrants. We are also seeing this with innovative directions in protection, assistance, and solutions for refugees that are helping us to operationalize long-standing principles of protection, transforming them into tangible results for refugees. New forms of group determination, combined with community-based protection and other measures, can help to ensure an appropriate legal status while at the same time identifying specific protection needs. Protection strategies can inform frameworks for governing migration and meeting the needs of the most vulnerable migrants. The integration of services to refugees within national systems and the expansion of cash-based programming can meet essential needs for assistance more effectively. The Humanitarian-Obligation of World at Large realization of Rights of the Refugees can provide the building for achieving a long-term solution, which remain, as ever, the ultimate aspiration of the international refugee protection regime. Thus, viewing the refugee problem in the context of humanitarian rights has assumed unprecedented importance today. The present article considers some of the basic human rights of refugees and their implications in the area of refugee protection. It also surveys the human rights of refugees in India and gives a brief account of the impact which human rights principles have made on the current programs and policies of UNHCR and the increasing involvement of human rights bodies in matters relating to refugees. Humanitarian emergencies are becoming increasingly frequent and thus, for want of better protection of human rights in these circumstances, humanitarian policy-making and emergency response need to take an integrated approach combining needs-based and rights-based approaches.

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KEYWORDS- Refugees, Displaced Persons, Rights, Humanitarian, Obligation, Extradition, Expulsion, Refoulement, Asylum, Non-discrimination, Protection of Refugees, International Humanitarian law, Chakmas, Right to life and Personal Security, Safeguard, Convention etc.

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Recently Open Access (OA) is a widely debated issue in the scientific community as well as in the publishing industry. No doubt people in all walks of life are greatly benefitted by the OA philosophy, libraries and information centers have been the prime beneficiaries of the new model of information access and delivery. The main objective of this OA ventures is to make the recorded scholarly output freely available to all readers over the Internet. The paper is a case study of E-LIS repository which provides open access LIS spread through worldwide. In this study I try to put the lime light on the Asian countries as a good contributor in the E-LIS repository. The study found that India is the highest contributor to the repository among all the 42 Asian countries with 658 submissions as a whole.

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Open Access, Open Access Initiatives, Self archiving, Digital Repository, E-LIS

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 Abstract

samajik nyay

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samajik nyay

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Transformational leadership is a specific leadership style applied by leaders who motivate and inspire their subordinates to perform in the organization. Job satisfaction refers to the employee�s perceptions of their working conditions, compensation, independence, authority, creativity and security. The review shows that job satisfaction is related to employee�s relations with superiors, recognition by employer and working environment. Similarly, an organization�s leadership refers to its leadership style of providing directions and motivation to the employees. Transformational leadership depends upon the leadership style executed by the superiors under the dimensions such as idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration. Google forms, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaires (Form 5X-Short) and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaires based on transformational leadership and employee�s job satisfaction using Correlation and Regression analysis is considered in the study, with a sample of 100 employees from the organization to provide a critical review of the relation between transformational leadership and job satisfaction experienced by employees at a service provider company as Housejoy Pvt. Ltd.

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Transformational Leadership, Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individual Consideration and Job Satisfaction

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The Yamuna River is the second largest tributary of Ganges .It is originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of 6,387 meters on the southwestern slopes of Banderpooch peaks of the lower Himalaya in Uttrakhand. It travels a total length of 1,376 kilometers. It is one of the most polluted rivers in India. Yamuna river flows only for 54 kilometers from Palla to Baderpur through Delhi, the 22 km stretch from Wazirabad to Okhla, which is the less than 2 percent of the river length of 1370 kilometers from Yamunotri to Prayagraj, accounts of about 76 percent of the pollution level in the river. This 2 percent stretch from Wazirabad to Okhla has maximum discharge of untreated industrial and domestic waste. The undeveloped sewerage system and unavailability of sewerage lines in Delhi are affecting the water quality of Yamuna River by falling of untreated sewage water through the open drains. The 21 drains discharge around 850 MGD (million gallons per day) of sewage into the Yamuna every day. Looking to the severe condition of the sewerage system, it was decided to carry out a study to analyze the effect of open drainage system on water quality (Physico-chemical parameters) of Yamuna River and status of sewage generation and treatment.

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Physico-chemical parameters, wastewater,Yamuna River, open drains, sewage generation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The very rapid emergence of industrialisation, globalisation and technicalities formed with the rise of this computer technology. One of the products of E-commerce is E Contract, example are Online shopping, online banking, online auction act.In this age of IT, the whole transaction can be completed in seconds, with both parties simply affixing their electronic signatures to an electronic copy of their contract and this type of contract is legally valid under Information Technology Act 2000.But in whole over the Act none of the section says about parties eligibility to perform the online contract, only section 11 of the IT Act said about attribution of the electronic record to the originator. For getting the legally eligibility of the parties we have to consult The Indian Contract Act 1872.It is one of the great defect of IT Act 2000, which also create confusion among the parties on legally validity of their contract. And under certain circumstances parties were under confusion to whom they will blame in case of breach of online contract because the parties didn't know each other face to face and the digital signature of the person affixed on their contract might be of a minor, or of a unsound person.

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0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition