Volume 14 | Issue 2

 Abstract

School dropout remains a serious social and educational issue among socio-economically disadvantaged children. Life Skills Education is implemented in child-care institutions to strengthen psychosocial competencies. This study assesses its effectiveness among 80 school dropout children using LSAS and SDRI scales. Correlation and ANOVA were applied. Findings revealed a weak and non-significant relationship (r = 0.131, p > 0.05).

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Life Skills Education, School Dropout Risk, Psychosocial Competence, Social Work Intervention.

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ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread psychological distress among children, influenced by prolonged social isolation, fear of infection, and disrupted schooling. These factors heightened anxiety and contributed to school phobia among students. Stressors such as domestic violence, limited access to online education, poverty, and poor living conditions intensified emotional vulnerability during the pandemic This situation created an essential need for structured educational interventions to support students' mental well-being. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge and attitude regarding school phobia during COVID-19 among school students of selected government and non-government schools in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Methods: A quantitative, pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test research design was used to evaluate the effect of the Structured Teaching Programme. Tools included a structured knowledge questionnaire and a 25-item attitude assessment scale that measured fear of COVID-19, mask-related difficulties, social isolation, transportation anxiety, and other distress responses among students. Pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Pre-test findings showed inadequate and highly variable knowledge levels, as reflected in standard deviations of 4.56 (government schools) and 6.26 (non-government schools) . Post-test scores demonstrated significant improvement, with SD values increasing to 5.21 and 6.45, indicating enhanced conceptual understanding. The effectiveness of the Structured Teaching Programme was confirmed by significant t-values of 11.24 and 12.10 (p < 0.05) across both groups. Attitude scores also showed substantial improvement, with post-test means decreasing from the pre-test range of 82-84 to 43-48, reflecting reduced school-related fear during COVID-19. Conclusion:The Structured Teaching Programme was effective in improving both knowledge and attitude regarding school phobia during COVID-19 among school students. The findings highlight the importance of structured educational interventions in reducing fear, correcting misconceptions, and supporting students' psychological adaptation during health crises.

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COVID-19, School Phobia, Structured Teaching Programme, Knowledge, Attitude, School Students

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Accurate weather forecasting is essential for effective planning in agriculture, transportation, disaster management, and daily human activities. This research presents an intelligent weather forecasting application that integrates deep learning-based time series prediction with an AI-powered conversational agent to deliver accurate and accessible weather insights. The proposed system utilizes a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network to analyze historical meteorological data collected between 2015 and 2025 and predict key weather parameters, including temperature, precipitation, and humidity. In addition to regression-based forecasting, the model performs weather condition classification such as sunny, rainy, and cloudy states. The framework supports forecasting for ten major Indian cities and provides predictions for up to 30 days ahead. An AI agent powered by Google Gemini enables natural language interaction, allowing users to request forecasts, compare cities, analyze trends, and obtain travel recommendations through conversational queries. The system is deployed using a Flask-based web application with RESTful APIs for real-time access. Experimental results demonstrate an average classification accuracy of 82.62%, with consistent performance across diverse climatic regions. The proposed approach offers a scalable, user-friendly, and intelligent solution for modern weather forecasting and decision support applications.

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Weather Forecasting, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Time Series Prediction, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), ARIMA, Hybrid Model, Temperature Prediction, Rainfall Forecasting, Humidity Prediction, Multi-task Learning, Data Preprocessing, Machine Learning, RMSE, MAE, Climate Analysis, Predictive Analytics.

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Dark patterns are misleading UI/UX designs that prey on users to make a decision that they did not mean, thus interfering with consumer autonomy and informed choice, which may be unfair trade practices or consumer rights infringements. This research paper discusses the popularity and tactical application of the so -called dark patterns in any of the significant online retailers in India, with a focus on the most frequent dark patterns evident in the Indian market, including false urgency, drip pricing, sneaking baskets, and subscription traps, deceptive techniques used to persuade customers to make purchases. It critically assesses the ethical issues, consumer effects, and regulatory issues of these manipulatives, particularly as more and more enforcement efforts are being made. Empirical observations and scrutiny of the websites show that there are still non -compliance and recurring risks even after regulators focus on them. Besides that, the research includes opinions of customers gathered by use of surveys to evaluate their awareness and experiences of dark patterns in the Indian e -commerce. A large number of those interviewed said they had experienced hidden fees, misleading discount offers, selected terms, and confusing cancellation procedures, and they realized they had been swamped by such pitfalls only after a bad experience. The findings reflect how there is some strong emphasis on regulation mechanisms, explicit design practices, and consumer awareness programs that are more effective in protecting the digital rights of consumers in India.

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Dark Patterns, E-commerce, Deceptive UI/UX Design, and Consumer Decision -Making

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Background: Prolonged smart device use among young adults has become increasingly common due to academic, social, and entertainment needs. Excessive screen time contributes to sedentary behaviour, which is a growing risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. College students often lack adequate awareness regarding the health consequences associated with physical inactivity and prolonged smart device exposure. Educational interventions such as handouts may serve as an effective strategy to enhance awareness and promote healthier lifestyle behaviours. Objectives: 1. To assess the baseline awareness regarding sedentary lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors associated with prolonged smart device use among college students. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of educational handouts on improving awareness levels. 3. To determine the association between awareness scores and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was adopted. The study was conducted among college students at a selected urban college in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. Participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique. Baseline awareness was assessed using a structured knowledge questionnaire. Educational handouts explaining sedentary lifestyle risks, cardiovascular complications, and preventive strategies were distributed. Post-test assessment was conducted after the intervention to measure improvement in awareness. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings revealed that students had moderate awareness during the pretest. Post-intervention scores showed significant improvement in awareness levels, indicating the effectiveness of educational handouts. A significant association was observed between awareness scores and selected demographic variables such as daily smart device usage and physical activity levels. Conclusion: Educational handouts were found to be an effective, simple, and cost-effective strategy for improving awareness regarding sedentary lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors among college students. Integrating awareness programs within college health promotion initiatives may help reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.

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Sedentary lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors, smart device use, educational handouts, college students, awareness.

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D.H. Lawrence, the man of creative genius, who was often misunderstood and commonly criticized during his life time, had woven a neat and beautiful fabric out of numerous strands of novels, tales, poems, plays, travels and adventure books, literary, social and political essays. He left remarkable marks of his genius in each of these genres. He was hated as a black devil, disbelieved as a prophet and loved and valued as a man and writer. Now that it is more than ninety years since he died, can we not rid ourselves of the black devil and prophet and find the man and writer. Like a great artist Lawrence has turned his personal experiences into the perfect pieces of art. In early tales the conflict between Eastwood and London has been dramatized objectively. Lawrence's friendships and quarrel with Jessie Chambers and Louie Burrows gave rise to a number of stories like "A Modern Lover" and "The Shades of Spring" "England, My England" etc. In the later period Lawrence has transformed his experiences of friendship and fued with John Middleton Murry into beautiful stories like "Jimmy and the Desperate Woman", "The Border Line", "The Last Laugh" and "Smile". Although in these stories Murry has been cruelly ridiculed, it is the 'Murry-type which is Lawrence's satiric target. The biographical materials of the most immediate relevance to the genesis of these four stories are the events and feelings of Lawrence's brief visit to England and the continent in fall and winter of 1923-24.

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Fabric, Strands, Genres, Fued, Genesis, Ridiculed.

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The present study investigates the impact of virtual teaching on the psychomotor development of IX standard students studying Social Studies (Geography) at Government High School, Chikkabidarakallu, in Bengaluru Urban District. A total of 60 students from Grade IX were selected and equally divided into two groups: an experimental group (N=30), which received instruction through virtual teaching methods and a control group (N=30), which was taught using traditional classroom methods. The virtual teaching intervention incorporated tools such as Zoom and Google Meet for live sessions, multimedia presentations with visual aids and maps, interactive platforms like Kahoot, Quizizz, Canva and Flipgrid, as well as hands-on tasks like map drawing, labeling activities, group discussions and role plays. The study adopted a Randomized Matching Control Group Pre-test Post-test Design. To assess psychomotor development, the researcher developed and standardized a tool consisting of five practical tasks and its reliability was confirmed using the test-retest method. Data analysis using paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests showed that students in the virtual teaching group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in psychomotor skills compared to those in the traditional group. The findings suggest that virtual teaching methods effectively enhance not only content learning but also psychomotor abilities in Social Studies education. The study concludes that integrating virtual platforms and interactive digital tools into classroom instruction can foster improved engagement, understanding and skill development. Hence, educators are encouraged to adopt virtual teaching approaches to strengthen psychomotor outcomes in secondary school education.

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Impact, Virtual Teaching, Psychomotor Development, Social Studies, IX standard students.

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Keywords: Ventilator-associated pneumonia, structured teaching programme, staff nurses, infection prevention, nursing education.

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Individuals of all ages are impacted by vitamin deficit, which is a widespread global health crisis. Many people do not discover the disease until it is too late. Most traditional laboratory ways of diagnosing vitamin deficiency rely on tortuously long and costly blood testing. Additionally, they are not always available in low-resource environments. A Hybrid Fusion Algorithm Vitamin Deficiency Detection System (VDDS) is proposed as a solution to the above-mentioned limitations. The system integrates characteristics from medical imaging analysis with clinical and demographic data to increase its accuracy and reliability. In the medical imaging analysis component, input images undergo preprocessing to improve the quality of the images and reduce noise. Convolutional neural network algorithms are then used to extract key features for a machine-learning application from each image.

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Vitamin Deficiency Detection, Hybrid Fusion Algorithm, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Medical Image Processing, Clinical Data Analysis, Automated Healthcare Diagnosis

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A comprehensive floristic survey was conducted in the VKL region of Tamil Nadu, India, to document plant diversity and analyze taxonomic composition. A total of 200 angiosperm species belonging to 32 families were recorded following systematic field surveys and taxonomic identification using standard floras. The dominant family was Fabaceae, followed by Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Asteraceae. Dicots constituted the majority of species (?87.5%), while monocots accounted for ?12.5%. Several economically important, medicinal, and invasive species were identified, indicating both ecological richness and anthropogenic influence. The presence of invasive taxa such as Parthenium hysterophorus and Lantana camara highlights the need for biodiversity management strategies. The study provides baseline floristic data essential for conservation planning and ecological monitoring of the region.

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Floristic diversity, Angiosperms, Taxonomic analysis, Invasive species, Tamil Nadu, Biodiversity assessment

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alienation, modernity, otherness, literary criticism

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Dhemsa dance forms an energetic and permanent element of the culture of the tribal groups of southern Odisha and, more specifically, of the Koraput area. While extant scholarship often characterizes Dhemsa as a communal performance of tribal nature, it does not sufficiently explore the central role of women in preserving its ritualistic, social, and cultural relevance. This study examines the role of tribal women in Dhemsa dance in terms of the role of the dance as a medium of ritual practice, community bonding, and identity construction. Employing qualitative methods--including ethnographic observation, semi-structured interviews, and a secondary literature analysis--the paper examines the role of women as performers, as transmitters of tradition, and as custodians of cultural memory. The paper argues that Dhemsa is not simply a performative art form, but it is a lived cultural practice through which tribal women exercise their agency, reinforce social cohesion, and ensure intergenerational continuity of indigenous knowledge. Through a foregrounding of the participation of women, the paper is a contribution to wider discourse on the topics of gender, culture, and tribal identity in contemporary India.

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Dhemsa Dance; Tribal Women; Ritual and Culture; Gender and Identity; Indigenous Traditions; Odisha

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Digital Twin of Healthcare is a web-based Hospital Management System that helps hospitals manage daily tasks like patient registration, appointment booking, prescriptions, and doctor schedules more efficiently. Many hospitals still do these tasks manually, causing paperwork, errors, and long wait times. This system saves time by securely storing all data in a centralized database, improving communication between doctors and patients. It provides separate access for Admins, Doctors, and Patients through secure logins. Patients can book OPD appointments online and access their reports and prescriptions easily. Doctors can manage their schedules and create digital prescriptions. The system also supports IPD management, vaccination records, and billing. Overall, it reduces manual work and enhances hospital efficiency and patient care.

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Digital Twin of Healthcare System: User Login, IPD/OPD Management, Doctor Profile Management, Appointment Management, AI-Based Doctor Recommendation System, Slot Management, Vaccination, Prescription Management, Patient Specific Chatbot, IPD Billing Management.

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Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Cataract, and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) are retinal disorders that cause blindness and irreversible cases of vision impairment in the world. The early detection of a disease is very important to avoid the final loss of the vision permanently, but the traditional methods of screening are time-consuming and require the skill of the specialist. A retinal fundus image analysis framework in the form of an automated multi-disease eye classification framework that employs deep learning is introduced. The system is developed in Python 3.10 and relies on the EfficientNetB0 Convolutional Neural Network architecture to find the optimal balance between the computational performance and the ability to represent the features. ODIR-5K correlates with eight ocular disease types which are used as model training. Image processing involves resizing of images, data normalization, and data augmentation, which involves rotation, zooming, and horizontal flipping of images to improve generalization. Class imbalance is dealt with the help of customized approach to class weighting. The Adam optimizer is used to train the model to ensure that 30 epochs are completed with a Binary Cross-Entropy loss. The performance evaluation shows a high level of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score in various classes of diseases. Flask-based web app allows the real-time upload of images, prediction of the disease with the confidence probability, and the creation of PDF diagnosis reports that can be downloaded. Results of experiments confirm efficiency and high level of practical implementation in terms of large scale ophthalmic screening and computer aided clinical decision support systems.

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Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network, EfficientNetB0, Retinal Fundus Imaging, Multi-Disease Classification, Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma Detection.

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sustainable methods, standard safety testing

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Abstract Background: Tracheal suctioning is a vital nursing procedure performed to maintain airway patency in patients with respiratory compromise. Improper suctioning techniques may lead to complications such as hypoxia, infection, and mucosal trauma. Continuous education and structured teaching programmes help enhance nurses' knowledge and improve patient safety. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme (STP) on knowledge regarding tracheal suctioning among staff nurses working in selected hospitals of Bikaner, Rajasthan. Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest research design was adopted. A total of 100 staff nurses were selected using non-probability convenient sampling. Knowledge was assessed using a structured questionnaire before and after implementation of the STP. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Post-test knowledge scores showed significant improvement compared to pre-test scores, indicating the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.05) between pre- and post-test knowledge levels. Conclusion: The structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding tracheal suctioning among staff nurses. Regular in-service education is recommended to maintain competency and ensure safe nursing practice.

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Keywords: Structured teaching programme, tracheal suctioning, staff nurses, knowledge, nursing education.

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Human consciousness serves as a bridge between the physical and spiritual realms. Mental and spiritual states have a direct impact on the physical world and vice versa. The physical and spiritual realms have a complex relationship and constitute a complete, inseparable connection. Anything that we pass from one generation to next impact on our spiritual world. Clean and greener environment, that is free from deadly and dangerous microorganisms is our prime concern and responsibility. It's our moral duty to pass our natural heritage to our next generation in that way our previous generation hand-over to us. All of us want only to go ahead in life in any extent without thinking about our environment. Urbanization, modernization, deforestation, betterment in health facilities, settlement of life, experimentation upon flora and fauna, unnecessary habitat disturbance, nuclear weapons formation, greediness toward obtaining more and more from nature all these activities disbalance our ecosystem and push our environment in danger zone. As development proceed, all of us want better and better health care facilities, but at the same time during healthcare activities a massive amount of Biomedical waste (BMW) generated, which is one of the major cause of natural disturbance in present time all over the world. Bio-Medical wastes are the things used in hospitals like sharp needles, fluid blood, glass, plastic bottles, solid plastics, and anatomical waste, human body parts, bandages, and cotton, I.V Tubing, biotechnology and microbiology wastes, unborn fetus, placenta, dead bodies and many others. In our study town Siwan, Bihar there is no proper and scientific biomedical waste management system, which severely affect our environment. Daha River which runs along town side also severely affected by solid as well as liquid biomedical waste, because biomedical waste especially liquid biomedical waste having heavy chemicals, drugs and antibiotics drain in domestic drainage system without any scientific treatment which alter its water quality and affect aquatic life and all other activities which depend upon water like irrigation, local villagers' livelihood, bathing, animals water needs and so on. In this manner heavy chemicals, drugs and antibiotics enters into the food chain and upcoming future is in danger zone. And unfortunately, the rivers the divine source which is also an indication of purity as Hindu mythology get impure day by day due to unscientific and improper release of liquid biomedical waste.

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Keyword: Urbanization, Experimentation, Deforestation, BMW, Anatomical waste

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Abstract Background: Adolescents frequently experience psychological stress due to academic demands, peer relationships, and social pressures. Mindfulness-based relaxation training has emerged as an effective non-pharmacological approach to improve emotional regulation and reduce stress among adolescents. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based relaxation training on stress levels among adolescents studying in selected senior secondary schools of Jhotwara, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Methods: A quasi-experimental control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total sample of 100 adolescents was selected using stratified random sampling and divided into experimental (n=50) and control (n=50) groups. Stress levels were assessed using a standardized perceived stress scale. The experimental group received mindfulness-based relaxation training for two weeks, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Results: The experimental group showed a significant reduction in mean stress score after intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Mindfulness-based relaxation training was effective in reducing stress among adolescents and can be integrated into school mental health programmes.

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Keywords: Adolescents, Stress, Mindfulness, Relaxation Training, School Health, Quasi-Experimental Study

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Abstract Background: Adolescence is a sensitive developmental stage associated with academic pressure, social adjustment, and emotional instability, which may lead to anxiety. Educational interventions such as structured teaching programmes can help adolescents understand anxiety and develop coping strategies. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on reducing the level of anxiety among adolescents studying in selected senior secondary schools of Jhotwara, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design was adopted. A total of 60 adolescents were selected using purposive sampling. Anxiety levels were assessed using a standardized anxiety scale before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean anxiety score significantly reduced after the structured teaching programme. The calculated paired t value showed a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest anxiety scores. Conclusion: The structured teaching programme was effective in reducing anxiety among adolescents. Such educational interventions can be integrated into school health programmes.

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Keywords: Adolescents, Anxiety, Structured Teaching Programme, Intervention, School Health

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