Volume 9 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Diabetes occurs when the pancreas fails to secrete enough insulin, slowly affecting the retina of the human eye. As it progresses, the vision of a patient starts deteriorating, leading to diabetic retinopathy. In this regard, retinal images are collected from DRIVE dataset images which are analyzing the consequences, nature, and status of the effect of diabetes on the eye. The objectives of this work are to (i) detect blood vessel, (ii) identify hemorrhages and (iii) classify different stages of diabetic retinopathy into normal or abnormal. The basis of the classification of different stages of diabetic retinopathy is the detection and quantification of blood vessels and hemorrhages present in the retinal image. Retinal vascular is segmented utilizing the contrast between the blood vessels and surrounding background. Hemorrhage candidates were detected using density analysis and bounding box techniques. Finally, classification of the different stages of eye disease was done using Random Forests technique based on the GLCM and LBP features of the blood vessels and hemorrhages. The proposed methodology for detection and grading of Diabetic Retinopathy is divided into following stages such as preprocessing, Optic Disc Removal, Blood Vessel Segmentation and Removal, Features Extraction and classification.

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Diabetic retinopathy detection, LBP, GLCM

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Dengue fever is a major problem in many developing countries, including India. For dengue patient monitoring, platelet count is vital to ensure early treatment in order to prevent disease complications. In primary health care centers platelet counting is typically performed manually, which is labor intensive and requires an experienced laboratory technician. Another method used, is the Advia hematology analyzer, which is very expensive, not affordable for rural and remote areas. To address present day challenges, developed an automated approach for the detection of platelet, along with the symptoms helps in assisting the detection of dengue. The technology is based on microscopic images derived from blood smears obtained using a digitalized camera attached to a microscope. Image processing and segmentation techniques are applied to estimate the platelet count from these blood slides. To further improve the accuracy of the results, an analysis of symptoms present in the patient is used in conjunction with the platelet analysis. Proposed vector based method for screening the samples. The classifier performance is evaluated with the sensitivity and specificity values. The results of platelet counts obtained from other platelet counting machines and manually are compared. The reported tool helps in the modernization of pathology laboratory into digital, as well it speedup the mass screening.

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Dengue fever prediction, machine learning algorithms

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Lung cancer is considered to be the one among the most dreaded disease which will be the main reason for the death of individuals and having greater deterioration of death if it is not identified at primitive stage. Because of the fact that Lung cancer could be identified only after spreading to the parts of lungs to a greater extent and it is very tough to predict the presence of lung cancer at the earlier stage. Moreover, it involves greater error in the diagnosing the presence of Lung cancer by Radiologists and Expert Doctors. Therefor it is compulsory to design an intelligent and automated system for accurately predicting the cancer and stage at which the stage of cancer or enhancing the accuracy of prediction for detecting the cancer at earlier which will be much helpful in deciding the treatment type and depth of the treatment based on the extent of disease. Here this work establishes the idea of preprocessing which used correlation ranking algorithm and Adaboost Algorithm in the classification of lung cancer and its stages and the predicting the possibility of recurrence.

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Adaboost algorithm, Lung Cancer prediction

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Heart block diseases are one of the most deadly diseases with a high mortality rate. The shape and size of the block are random during the growth process. Heart Block segmentation is a heart block assisted diagnosis technology that separates different block structures such as edema and active and block necrosis tissues from normal heart tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology has the advantages of no radiation impact on the human body, good imaging effect on structural tissues, and an ability to realize tomographic imaging of any orientation. Therefore, doctors often use MRI heart block images to analyze and process heart blocks. In these images, the block structure is only characterized by gray scale changes, and the developed images obtained by different equipment and different conditions may also be different. This makes it difficult for traditional image segmentation methods to deal well with the segmentation of heart block images. Considering that the traditional single-mode MRI heart block images contain incomplete heart block information, it is difficult to segment the single-mode heart block images to meet clinical needs. In this work, an automatic thresolding algorithm is introduced to process the diagnosis of MRI heart block images. In the absence of added noise, the proposed algorithm has better advantages than traditional methods. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better noise immunity than a comparable algorithm.

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Image processing, feature extractions

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic is putting even the best healthcare systems across the world under tremendous pressure. The early detection of this type of virus will help in relieving the pressure of the healthcare systems. Chest X-rays has been playing a crucial role in the diagnosis of diseases like Pneumonia. As COVID-19 is a type of influenza, it is possible to diagnose using this imaging technique. With rapid development in the area of Machine Learning (ML), there had been intelligent systems to classify between Pneumonia and Normal patients. This work proposes the machine learning-based logistic regression classification algorithm. Bioinformatics and genomic signal processing use computational techniques to solve various biological problems. They aim to study the information allied with genetic materials such as the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), the Ribonucleic acid (RNA), and the proteins. Fast and precise identification of the protein coding regions in DNA sequence is one of the most important tasks in analysis. Existing Digital Signal Processing (DSP) methods provide less accurate and computationally complex solution with greater background noise. Hence, improvements in accuracy, computational complexity, and reduction in background noise are essential in identification of the protein-coding regions in the DNA sequences. In this work, a new DSP based method is introduced to detect the protein coding regions in DNA sequences. Here, the DNA sequences are converted into numeric sequences using electron ion interaction potential (EIIP) representation. In this work, we use DNA sequence of the coronavirus. The test is conducted using the databases available in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) site.

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Corona DNA sequences

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Introduction, Knowledge Society, organization of Knowledge, objectives, Basic Principles, knowledge centers

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Abstract: The fossil fuel engines which were good enough for us before 30-40 years but now they are one of the sources of contributor of global warming and pollution with fossil fuel crises. The Air Powered Vehicle is an eco-friendly vehicle which works on compressed air. An Air Powered vehicle uses air as a fuel. An Air Powered Vehicle uses the expansion of compressed air to drive the pistons of an engine. An Air Driven Engine is a pneumatic actuator that creates useful work by expanding compressed air. There is no mixing of fuel with air as there is no combustion. In this project, we are using a 5/2 solenoid valve connected to a flasher which is connected to a double acting pneumatic cylinder which is in turn connected to a modified piston head which rotates the flywheel and moves the engine forward thus creating motion.

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Air Powered Vehicle, 5/2 Solenoid Valve, Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder.

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Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine practiced in India. The main constituents of ayurvedic medicines are plant leaves and other parts of plants like root, bark etc. the Ayurvedic physicians themselves picked the medicinal plants and prepared the medicines for their patients. Today only a few practitioners follow this practice. Today the plants are collected by women and children from forest areas; those are not professionally trained in identifying correct medicinal plants. Manufacturing units often receive incorrect or substituted medicinal plants. Most of these units lack adequate quality control mechanisms to screen these plants. In addition to this, confusion due to variations in local name is also rampant. Some plants arrive in dried form and this make the manual identification task much more difficult. Incorrect use of medicinal plants makes the Ayurvedic medicine ineffective. It may produce unpredictable side effects also. In this situation, we have to know the ayurvedic leaf accurately. There are four steps involved. The first step is preprocessing that is by sharpening the RGB image. This is done by employing unsharp masking. This sharpening of the image improves the image appearance. Also, the edge or boundary points of an image are sharpened. The second step is Segmentation. Image segmentation is the process where image is divided into multiple parts. This is mainly employed to extract relevant information such as leaf portion from a digital image. Segmentation involves binarization. This binary image then passes through a morphological erosion and dilation process so that small imperfections like dots are removed. The third step is feature extraction like shape features, color features, texture analysis. Final step is classification. After feature extraction is completed, the values of these parameters will be stored in a temporary database as excel file. Based on these feature values, the image samples are classified into different classes and are ready to be tested for identification. The classification is done by using MLP and Decision Tree algorithm. Based on the correctly classified testing instances, accuracy is calculated as a measure of the efficiency of the algorithm.

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Leaf Classification, Image processing techniques, Morphological operators, Machine Learning algorithms

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The promotion of Financial Inclusion is a national strategy of Government of India. Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana being PMJDY is a national program for enhancing financial inclusion which facilitates access to financial service including banking, saving, credit, insurance and pension at minimum cost. At the end of 31st December 2020, about 41.58 crore people has been enrolled in the scheme across the country with total deposit of 1.35 lac crore, out of which about 1.53 crore accounts are in Jharkhand with total deposit of 5.11 thousand crore. This paper attempts to study about the scheme, its present position and its growth across India as well as Jharkhand.

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PMJDY, Financial Inclusion

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Frustration and inhibition, overload, time-urgent and aggressive behavior coping strategy.

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Assam, Education, Status, Women

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Aristocracy, Damin-i-koh, Gondawana land, Khudkasht, Little Republic, Paharias Social stability

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The set of the agreement by the Basel committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), which mainly focuses on risk to banks and the financial system are called Basel Accord/Norms. The Indian banking system is broadly classified into scheduled and non-scheduled banks. Indian banking system adopted two norms out of three Basel norms till date, Basel norms 3 requirements (minimum capital and liquidity, risk management & market discipline) are not fulfill by Indian banks. Hence, Indian banks to need improve own capital structure, leverage, funding, liquidity and overall performance. In the present paper we discuss about relationship between Basel norms and Indian Banking Systems. How to improve Indian banks overall performance for implementation of Basel III norms, because Basel III norms are more reliable for global liquidity standard and supervisory monitoring.

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Basel Norms, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Capital Tier, Indian Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and Reserve Bank of Indian Act, 1934.

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Abstraction, user-experience, Architectural Character, User-space relationship, Cubism, Suprematism, De-Stijl, abstract expressionism, pop art.

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Data mining is a process that finds useful patterns from a large amount of data. The paper discusses a few of the data mining techniques and algorithms

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Data mining Techniques, Datamining algorithms ,Data mining applications.

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Microwave; Silver nanoparticle; Silver nitrate; Methyl orange; Catalysis

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An event is a live multimedia package carried out with a preconceived concept, customized or modified, to achieve the clients objectives of reaching suitably influencing the sharply defined, specially gathered target audience by providing a complete sensual experience and an avenue for two way interaction. Management of an event encompasses all activities involved in planning, organizing, staffing, leading and evaluation of an event. All operational tasks for an event such as the ground work,viz venue selection and stage design, arranging the infrastructural facilities required,laison with artists or performers and networking with other activities such as advertising, public relations, ticket sales etc.

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Events, Event Management, Event Marketing, Event Designing.

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Ethical hacking is the process of recognizing the security issues and vulnerabilities in the system or computer network. A Hacking may be ethical or unethical. The ethical hacker has a good purpose to do it. It has become the general perception in our mind for the hacker that he will be bad, fanatic, criminal, and unethical. Basically, some of the hackers have even done the hacking for earning money. They have stolen very important information from their customers. In some of the government organizations, they have damaged very confidential information like social security numbers and other sensitive information. The programmers from the field of computer science have a huge opportunity to become ethical hackers. In this article, we are looking forward to identifying the opportunities and challenges of ethical hacking progression

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Hacking, Ethical hacking, Unethical Hacking, Gray Hat Hackers, White Hat Hackers, Black Hat Hackers, Penetration Test

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Mathematics plays a vital role in managing business. Business and mathematics go hand in hand this is because business deals with money and money encompasses everything in itself. There is a need for everyone to manage money as some point or the other to take decisions which requires everyone to know mathematics. Business mathematics is used to record and manage business operations. Many Business activities like accounting, financial analysis, sales etc. are done through business mathematics. Commercial organizations use mathematics in accounting, inventory management, marketing, sales forecasting, and financial analysis. It helps you know the financial formulas, fractions; measurements involved in interest calculation, hire rates, salary calculation, tax calculation etc. which help complete business tasks efficiently. Business mathematics also includes statistics and provides solution to business problems. Without mathematics one feels helpless in every aspect of business and commerce.

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Mathematics, Business, Statistics and Commerce

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Cultural Tourism, Traditional Dresses, Extinction, Revival via Tourism

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