Volume 14 | Issue 2

 Abstract

The impact of life skills training on teaching and learning practices among teacher candidates was investigated in this study, with a focus on evaluating life skills changes before and after the intervention and examining how they relate to particular demographic traits. Using a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with no control group, 153 teacher trainees enrolled in pre-service teacher education programs were included. A standardized Life Skills Questionnaire with 30 items covering six core domains--self-awareness, empathy, creative and critical thinking, decision-making, and stress management--was used to collect the data. The intervention included planned training sessions with the goal of enhancing classroom management, communication, problem-solving, and decision-making skills through interactive and experiential methods. ANOVA, paired t-tests, and descriptive statistics were used in statistical analyses to assess demographic correlations and mean differences; significance was set at p < 0.05. The overall life skills score increased significantly from 113.29 in the pre-test to 129.26 in the post-test (t = -8.863, p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of the life skills training. After the intervention, the majority of participants (94.1%) moved into the high life skills group, and the improvement of life skills was strongly correlated with both gender and the medium of instruction. The study emphasizes how important it is to incorporate life skills instruction into teacher preparation programs in order to develop reflective, sensitive, and flexible teachers. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 states that in order to improve lifetime learning and comprehensive professional development, life skills training should be incorporated into pre-service and in-service teacher education programs.

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Pedagogical approaches, life skills education, teacher candidates and life skills.

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This paper explores the complex intersections of gender, sexuality and homo-nationalism in Indian English fiction through a critical analysis of Arundhati Roy's "The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017)". Engaging with queer theoretical frameworks, particularly Judith Butler's notion of gender performativity and Jasbir Puar's concept of homo-nationalism, the study examines how the Indian nation-state selectivity incorporates certain queer identities to project an image of progressiveness while continuing to marginalize others who do not conform to dominant cultural, religious and political norms.

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Gender, Sexuality, Homo-Nationalism, Indian English fiction, Queer Theory)

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Women's are the wealth of the world. She is working equally to that of men in all the fields, subjected to various injustices and inequalities at every stage of work life. However, another reality of Indian society is that over the past few years, the issue of women's safety has become a prime focus of public attention and concern as there is fear of sexual violence against them. Sexual harassment at workplace has been recognized as a violation of human rights and it is considered as a crime which violates the dignity and respect of a women. It is yet another form of violence reflecting patriarchal mind sets and gender based discrimination that women experience at work. It reduces the quality of working life, jeopardizes the well-being of women. Sexual harassment which was otherwise invisible menace until quite recently, has now become a major social problem with the widespread entry of women as a work force. Supreme Court decided several landmark cases that set forth new and broader standards for holding employers liable when management-level employees engage in conduct that creates a hostile environment for women subordinates. Meanwhile 'The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013' was enacted to overcome this problem. But, most Indian employers have not implemented the law despite the legal requirement that any workplace with more than 10 employees need to implement it. The government has threatened to take stern action against employers who fail to comply with this law. Hence it is focused that employers must ensure that their workplace harassment prevention policies and all other policies are up-to-date and are effectively communicated to each employee. The policy should clearly define what constitutes harassing behaviour, and the employer should reinforce a zero-tolerance response and outline the range of disciplinary consequences for harassers.

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ENSURING GENDER - SAFE WORKPLACES: THE ROLE AND LIABILITY OF EMPLOYER

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EDM has become an important and cost-effective method of machining extremely tough and brittle electrically conductive materials. It is widely used in the process of making mould/dies, automobile and electronics industries where intricate complex shapes need to be machined in very hard materials. The work piece material selected in this experiment is AISI 304 Stainless steel taking into account its wide usage in industrial applications and it is very difficult to machine by conventional machining. The tool material selected in this experiment is copper based on the good electrical conductivity compared to other tool materials like brass, tellurium copper and graphite. In this work, the influence of variable process parameters such as pulse current, pulse on time, pulse off time, open circuit voltage, gap distance and machining time over performance characteristics like material removal rate, tool wear rate, and different aspects of surface integrity for AISI 304. Stainless steel such as topography of machined surface, crack formation will be investigated. The variations of material removal rate, tool wear rate versus input machining parameters will be optimized by using Response Surface Methodology which allows us to get best output characteristics.

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EDM, TWR, MRR, Stainless steel, Copper

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The rapid growth of digital payment systems has led to a significant increase in credit card fraud, creating serious financial and security challenges. This study proposes a machine learning-based framework for detecting fraudulent transactions using historical transaction data. The approach emphasizes data preprocessing, feature engineering, and handling class imbalance to improve detection accuracy. Multiple supervised learning models, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost, are implemented and evaluated using precision, recall, and F1-score. Experimental results show that ensemble methods, particularly Random Forest and XGBoost, provide superior performance for fraud detection under highly imbalanced conditions. The proposed framework enhances real-time transaction monitoring and helps reduce financial losses.

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Credit Card Fraud Detection, Machine Learning, Random Forest, XGBoost, Imbalanced Data, Anomaly Detection, Financial Fraud, Supervised Learning

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Career selection is one of the most significant decisions in an individual's life. However, traditional career counseling systems often provide generalized guidance that does not consider individual differences, evolving industry demands, or emerging technologies. The rapid transformation of the global job market, influenced by artificial intelligence (AI), automation, and digitalization, has created the need for intelligent, adaptive, and personalized career guidance systems. This research paper presents a personalized career guidance system powered by artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and predictive analytics. The proposed system analyzes academic performance, skills, interests, aptitude, and personality traits to generate customized career recommendations. It also integrates real-time labor market insights and skill gap analysis to ensure industry-relevant suggestions. The study explores system architecture, methodology, recommendation processes, applications, challenges, ethical considerations, and future scope. The findings suggest that AI-based systems significantly improve recommendation accuracy, scalability, and user satisfaction compared to traditional counseling models. This research highlights the transformative role of AI in building future-ready career decision frameworks.

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Artificial Intelligence, Career Guidance, Machine Learning, Personalized Recommendation System, Skill Gap Analysis, NLP

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Background: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is an effective and evidence-based treatment modality used in psychiatric practice for severe mental illnesses. Safe administration of ECT depends largely on the competency of nursing personnel responsible for preparation, assistance during the procedure, monitoring, and post-procedure care. Inadequate knowledge and skill in handling ECT equipment may compromise patient safety and treatment outcomes. Objectives: 1. To assess the competency of nurses in handling Electroconvulsive Therapy equipment. 2. To evaluate nurses' knowledge and practical skills related to ECT machine operation. 3. To determine the association between competency levels and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative descriptive research design was adopted in a selected hospital at Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. Staff nurses working in psychiatric wards were selected using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and competency observational checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study findings indicated variation in competency levels among nurses. Majority demonstrated moderate competency, while a smaller proportion showed high competency in ECT equipment handling. Competency levels were significantly associated with professional experience and previous training exposure. Conclusion: The study concluded that continuous competency-based training and regular skill enhancement programmes are essential to improve nurses' performance in handling ECT equipment and to ensure patient safety during psychiatric procedures.

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Electroconvulsive Therapy, Nursing Competency, Psychiatric Nursing, ECT Equipment, Staff Nurses, Mental Health Hospital.

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This study examined the impact of Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 as enforced in Barangay Macanaya, Aparri, Cagayan. Specifically, it determined the level of community awareness regarding selected commonly violated provisions of the law, assessed the perceived extent of its implementation, and identified the perceived effects of its enforcement in the community. A mixed-method descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected from thirty community respondents using a structured questionnaire anchored on Sections 5, 6, 8, 11, 15, and 16 of RA 9165. A three-point Likert scale was used to measure awareness and extent of implementation, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested significant differences. Results showed that respondents were "Very Much Aware" of the provisions of the law (overall mean = 2.61) and perceived its implementation as "Well Implemented" (overall mean = 2.67). Significant differences were found across provisions in both awareness and perceived implementation (p < .05). Qualitative findings revealed perceived reductions in drug-related activities and increased compliance with the law, although some respondents expressed fear associated with enforcement operations. The study concludes that enforcement of RA 9165 in the barangay is perceived as effective, but sustained community education and balanced implementation strategies are recommended.

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Republic Act 9165, community awareness, drug law enforcement, policy implementation, Philippines

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Social media has become an integral part of college students in their daily part of their normal life. Students are addicted to the different platforms in social media with an impact of reducing the self- esteem levels. Social media usage have a negative impact in one's self esteem how it can potentially have positive effect. This impacted student's social interaction, emotional bond, self- perception. With this view an effort has been made to review the concept of self-esteem and social media addiction among college students by reviewing 10 selected research articles found by using databases like Google Scholar, Research gate only 5 articles are selected based inclusion criteria other articles are excluded from the study. This study explores the relationship between self-esteem and social media addiction among college students, aiming to understand how excessive engagement with social media influences self-perception of an individual. Research provides a positive correlation between media addiction and self-esteem through excessive screen exposure, frequent comparison with online portrayals and emotional reliance on social networking platforms were identified as major factors contributing to decreased self-worth. The findings suggest that moderate and interactive use of social media may positively influence self-esteem by fostering social connection, peer support, and a sense of belonging.

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Social-media, Addiction of media, Self-esteem, College Students.

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Language proficiency is the cornerstone of academic writing, as it ensures the structuring of complex ideas with a clear, consistent flow, thereby providing clarity of thought. Expressing ideas clearly is an integral part of writing. ESL learners often struggle to organise their ideas coherently. When a text is said to be coherent, it is built on a sequence of thoughts, expressed in a language that follows the metrics and mechanics of good writing skills. At the tertiary level, learners are expected to have basic or average knowledge of writing skills, as they are likely to write large content of text at this stage of education. Boosting their competence in their use of language can help them excel in their writing as well as communication. To cultivate language proficiency among tertiary learners, this study designed an instructional Task-based Language Teaching framework that can be followed in the classrooms. This framework would benefit learners to a great extent as it encourages them to be active participants in an activity-based environment. TBLT encourages the practical use of language in real-life situations, it helps them boost their competence. A structured framework is designed based on the cyclical frameworks of Willis, Ellis, and Skehan. In this framework, each component of writing is paired with a functional task to promote effective language learning. Ultimately, this pedagogy shifts the focus toward learner autonomy. Integrating activity-based learning can systematically improve the writing proficiency of ESL tertiary learners, helping them to bridge the gap between fragmented ideas and level them to professional academic discourse.

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Language Proficiency, Task-Based Language Teaching, Academic Writing, ESL tertiary level learners, activity-based learning

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Mythology has never been a fixed legacy. It continues to exist because it adapts to the societies that maintain it. In recent years, modern Indian fiction has started to look at mythological figures again, but this time not just to tell sacred stories again, but to give them new meanings based on modern moral and social issues. One of the most obvious signs of this change is in Amish Tripathi's Shiva Trilogy, where Lord Shiva is not seen as an eternal and distant cosmic deity, but as a mortal who becomes divine through experience, choice, and responsibility. This paper looks at how this new way of thinking changes the meaning and purpose of myth. The discussion examines the evolution of concepts related to leadership, justice, gender balance, and moral duty by juxtaposing Tripathi's narrative with classical representations in the Shiva Pura?a. The paper contends that modern reinterpretations do not diminish mythology; instead, they facilitate its continued relevance in an evolving cultural landscape. This comparison reveals myth not as a vestige of belief but as a dynamic framework through which societies persist in negotiating identity, power, and ethical responsibility.

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Myth,God and modern retelling

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Background: The rapid growth in the use of smart devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops has increased daily exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) among young adults. Growing scientific concerns suggest possible associations between prolonged EMR exposure and inflammatory responses as well as cardiovascular health issues. However, awareness regarding safe usage practices remains limited among college students. Educational interventions, such as handouts, may serve as a cost-effective strategy to improve awareness and promote healthy behavioral practices. Objectives: 1. To assess the existing awareness regarding electromagnetic radiation exposure from smart devices among college students. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of educational handouts in improving awareness regarding EMR exposure and its potential effects on inflammation and cardiovascular health. 3. To determine the association between awareness scores and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was adopted. The study was conducted among 100 college students from a selected urban college in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. Participants were selected using non-probability convenient sampling. Data were collected using a structured awareness questionnaire. Educational handouts explaining sources, risk factors, potential health effects, and preventive measures related to electromagnetic radiation were distributed after the pre-test. A post-test was conducted after the intervention to measure improvement in awareness. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings indicated that the mean post-test awareness scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores, showing that educational handouts were effective in improving student awareness regarding EMR exposure and related health concerns. Significant associations were observed between awareness levels and selected demographic variables such as duration of smart device use and educational stream. Conclusion: Educational handouts were found to be an effective, simple, and economical intervention for improving awareness about electromagnetic radiation exposure and its potential health effects among college students. Educational strategies should be integrated into college health promotion programs to encourage safer digital habits.

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Electromagnetic radiation, smart devices, educational handouts, inflammation, cardiovascular health, awareness, college students.

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Abstract: - Leucorrhea, a prevalent gynecological condition characterized by abnormal vaginal discharge, significantly impacts women's health globally. This study delves into the traditional healthcare practices surrounding *Soymida febrifuga*(Roxb.) A. Juss., a plant widely recognized in ethnobotanical contexts for its diverse medicinal properties, particularly in managing women's health issues. Through qualitative inquiry, this research documents the specific preparation methods, administration routes, and perceived therapeutic outcomes associated with the use of *Soymida febrifuga* for leucorrhea management among indigenous practitioners. The findings highlight the deep-rooted cultural significance of this botanical resource and provide a foundation for future scientific validation of its bioactive potential in gynecological care.

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Leucorrhea, Soymida febrifuga, ethnobotany, gynecology.

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Background: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a well-established therapeutic intervention used in psychiatry for the management of severe mental disorders such as major depression, schizophrenia, and catatonia. Proper handling of the ECT machine and adherence to procedural standards by nursing personnel are essential to ensure patient safety and treatment effectiveness. However, gaps in knowledge and practice among staff nurses may affect the quality of care provided during ECT procedures. Objectives: 1. To assess the existing knowledge and practice regarding ECT machine among staff nurses working in psychiatry wards. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge and practice regarding ECT machine. 3. To find the association between post-test knowledge and practice scores with selected demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was adopted. Staff nurses working in psychiatry wards of a selected hospital in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh were selected using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and observational checklist for practice. Following pretest assessment, a structured teaching programme related to ECT machine operation, safety precautions, preparation, and nursing responsibilities was administered. Post-test assessment was conducted after the intervention to determine effectiveness. Results: The findings indicated significant improvement in knowledge and practice scores after administration of the structured teaching programme. The calculated t-value showed statistical significance at p < 0.05, suggesting that the intervention was effective in enhancing nurses' competency related to ECT machine handling. Conclusion: The structured teaching programme significantly improved the knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding ECT machine, highlighting the importance of continuous nursing education in psychiatric care settings.

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Electroconvulsive Therapy, ECT Machine, Structured Teaching Programme, Staff Nurses, Knowledge, Practice, Psychiatric Nursing.

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The use of machine learning (ML) in healthcare is transforming how patient data is interpreted, analyzed, and used to support clinical judgment. In order to better predict patient states and enable early intervention and better care practices, this study presents an ML-driven health prediction model. The proposed methodology leverages real-time monitoring, supervised learning algorithms, and prior medical records to enable personalized treatment planning and predictive diagnostics. The goal is to ensure timely, data-driven decisions that lead to better patient outcomes while also raising the standard of care. Experimental results using real-world datasets show how well the model recognizes high-risk cases and intelligently automates healthcare delivery.

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Internet of Things (IoT), Patient data, Supervised Learning, ML driven (Machine Learning) Disease Prediction System, Electronic Health Record(EHR), Encryption, Access Control, Healthcare system.

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This paper analyzes the function of shaman (Goor) as the principal guardians of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), specifically within the localized socio-cultural context of Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, India. There is a lot of research on Himalayan shamanism in anthropology, but not much on how it interacts with the UNESCO ICH domains when looked at only through the eyes of indigenous ritual authorities who run their own communities. This qualitative exploratory study fills in the gaps by focusing on the voices of the Devta institution's functionaries, such as the Goor (shaman), Kardar (administrator), Pujari (priest), and Deulu (ritual assistants). The study utilizes Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and Reflexive Thematic Analysis with NVivo software, based on in-depth interviews with 28 participants from 12 villages, complemented by extensive participant observation at internal community ritual events. The results are fully mapped onto the five UNESCO ICH domains, showing how embodied knowledge, oral traditions, and traditional craftsmanship make up a living, self-sustaining system for preserving heritage. In addition, four main themes come to light: (1) The Shaman as Living Archive, which shows how somatic and emplaced knowledge keeps local history alive; (2) The Sacred Agrarian Economy, which shows how the community's internal gift logic works; (3) Secrecy as Epistemic Sovereignty, which shows how keeping sacred knowledge secret protects it; and (4) Intergenerational Transmission, which shows how people use internal strategies to deal with secular modernity. The idea of "Ritual Stakeholders" adds to stakeholder theory by saying that these actors are legitimate entirely from divine mandate. Policy implications suggest that Devta (Deity) institutions should be included in local heritage preservation plans so that the community can keep full control over its Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH).

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Shamanism, Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), Devta Institution, Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Kullu Valley, Stakeholder Theory, Epistemic Sovereignty, Phenomenology

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Abstract: Semantic Web Technologies represent the future of smart libraries. By integrating machine-understandable metadata and intelligent retrieval systems, libraries can enhance knowledge discovery, collaboration, and academic excellence. Educational institutions must proactively adapt to this transformation to prepare future-ready information professionals The rapid evolution of digital information environments has transformed traditional libraries into intelligent knowledge systems. Semantic Web technologies enable machine-understandable metadata, improving interoperability, information retrieval, and knowledge organization in smart libraries. This study examines the role of Semantic Web standards such as RDF, OWL, SPARQL, and Linked Data in enhancing library services. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 100 users and 20 librarians through structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis indicates significant improvement in retrieval accuracy, interoperability, and user satisfaction through semantic implementation. The study concludes that Semantic Web technologies are foundational for future-ready smart libraries and recommends curriculum reforms, professional training, and infrastructure development

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Semantic Web, Smart Libraries, RDF, OWL, Linked Data, Information Retrieval, Ontology

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Project-Based Learning (PBL) has gained renewed relevance in India as schools shift toward competency-based education and experiential pedagogies encouraged by national and board-level policy directions. Yet, despite widespread advocacy, Indian evidence on how and which 21st-century skills are developed through PBL at the secondary level remains scattered across subject areas, school systems, and implementation contexts. This secondary-data review synthesizes policy documents, curriculum guidance, and peer-reviewed empirical and meta-analytic research to examine the link between PBL and 21st-century skills among secondary students in India. Using a structured review approach (identification, screening, eligibility, synthesis), the study maps PBL design features to skill outcomes--critical thinking, collaboration, communication, creativity, self-management, and digital literacy. Findings indicate that PBL is most strongly associated with gains in higher-order thinking, collaborative problem solving, and learner agency when projects are anchored in driving questions, authentic contexts, feedback cycles, and student voice. However, uneven infrastructure, assessment misalignment, teacher preparedness, and superficial "project display" practices often dilute impact. The review proposes a context-sensitive framework--the PBL-to-Skills Pathway Model--for secondary schools in India, along with implementation and evaluation recommendations aligned to policy expectations and board standards.

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project-based learning, 21st-century skills, secondary education, India, experiential learning, competency-based education, review

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The handloom industry holds immense significance in India's rural economy and culture. This study focuses on the economic aspects of Assam's handloom industry, examining its current production status and major challenges based on existing literature. Assam, the gateway to Northeast India, is rich in cottage industries, among which handloom stands out as the largest. The sector plays a crucial role in rural socio-cultural life by preserving traditions, providing livelihoods, generating supplementary income, and promoting women's economic empowerment. Using secondary data, the study analyzes handloom cloth production in Assam. District-wise data show a significant concentration of production in a few districts, particularly Dhubri, Dhemaji, and Barpeta, which together account for nearly two-thirds of the state's total output. While districts in lower and upper Assam serve as major production hubs, hill and remote districts exhibit very limited production, highlighting the need for targeted government policy interventions and capacity-building programmes to ensure balanced regional development. Existing literature identifies economic hardship, skill gaps, market and infrastructure deficiencies, educational and awareness barriers, and technological limitations as key constraints on the handloom sector's growth. Addressing these interconnected challenges is necessary to enhance productivity, support weavers' livelihoods, and preserve the cultural heritage of traditional handloom weaving in Assam. The sustainability of Assam's handloom industry depends on a combination of financial support, skill development, infrastructure improvement, awareness programs, and technological modernization. Properly implemented policy interventions can significantly boost productivity, innovation, and market competitiveness.

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Handloom, cottage industry, women's economic empowerment, innovation, market competitiveness

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Background- Oral mucocele is a common benign lesion of minor salivary glands, frequently affecting the lower lip. Conventional management mainly involves surgical excision, which may result in recurrence and cosmetic concerns. Ayurveda correlates this condition with Medoja Oshtha Prakopa. Aim- To evaluate the efficacy of Jalaukavacharana along with Ayurvedic oral and local medications in the management of oral mucocele. Materials and Methods- A 36-year-old male patient presenting with lower lip swelling for three months was treated with Jalaukavacharana (leech therapy), internal Ayurvedic medicines, and local application. Clinical assessment was done based on reduction in swelling, pain, itching, and healing response. Results- Significant reduction in swelling and associated symptoms was observed without surgical intervention. Healing occurred without scar formation or recurrence during follow-up. Conclusion- Jalaukavacharana combined with Ayurvedic management proved to be a safe, minimally invasive, and cosmetically acceptable treatment modality for oral mucocele.

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Oral mucocele, Jalaukavacharana, Raktamokshana, Medoja Oshtha Prakopa, Ayurveda

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