Volume 14 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the employment outcomes of the scholar graduates of Tarlac State University (TSU) from 2018-2022. It also offers a comprehensive analysis of the profiles, academic achievements, scholarship access, and board examination performance of the scholar graduates. These scholar graduates were recipients of several scholarship programs, the CHED-Tulong-Dunong Program being the most popular source of financial assistance. Of the 1,386 scholar graduates, 532 participated in the study by completing an online survey that was uploaded using Microsoft Forms. The highest number of scholar graduates came from the College of Education and the College of Business Accountancy. Out of the 347 scholar graduates who took the licensure examination, 303 passed the examination. Many of the respondents are currently employed, majority of them holding permanent positions. Other employment statuses include contractual employment, job orders, temporary employment, casual positions, and probationary roles. A small number of these scholar graduates are unemployed because of lack of work experience. The college competency that was deemed very necessary in their job was communication skills followed by critical thinking and problem-solving skills. In terms of the graduates' reasons for accepting and staying in the job, salaries and benefits are the most significant factors for them. To enhance the degree programs, it was recommended that TSU must align its curriculum with industry standards to make the students more prepared and equipped before venturing into the labor market. A stronger partnership with local and international companies must be given full attention to improve the students' practical and realistic skills and experience. While pointing out areas for enhancement in academic preparation, professional preparedness, and administrative procedures, respondents generally conveyed gratitude for the opportunities provided by the TSU scholarship program. TSU can use these insights to enhance its degree programs and research support systems in the future.

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 Keywords

Employment Outcomes, Scholar Graduates, Employability

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Film holds a central place in shaping cultural narratives because it is one of the most powerful mediums of mass communication. Ravana, the ten-headed king of Lanka from the Indian epic Ramayana, continues to be a dominant mythological figure whose representation in cinema often oscillates between cultural reverence and stereotypical villainy. While the epic offers a multidimensional view of Ravana as a learned scholar, skilled ruler, ardent devotee of Lord Shiva, and tragic hero cinematic portrayals have largely reduced him to a one-dimensional figure embodying arrogance, lust, and cruelty. The study highlights how mainstream cinema employs visual and narrative codes - such as exaggerated physical features, booming laughter, dark costumes, and larger-than-life presence to present Ravana as the ultimate adversary to Rama's virtue. It construct a moral binary of good versus evil, often privileging Rama's righteousness while flattening Ravana's complex character into a symbol of male dominance and moral corruption. The repetition of these stereotypes across decades cultivates a fixed, negative perception of Ravana that overshadows alternative readings of his character. Nevertheless, some regional and contemporary films attempt to subvert this narrative by reimagining Ravana as a misunderstood king or a tragic hero, opening critical space for more nuanced interpretations. By situating Ravana between myth and movie, this paper argues that film plays a decisive role in both preserving and distorting mythological identities. It demonstrates how cinematic portrayals not only reflect but also actively shape cultural memory, ensuring Ravana's enduring presence as a symbolic yet stereotyped figure within Indian imagination.

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Ravana, Ramayana, mythological cinema, Myth and Semiotics, Representation Theory, stereotypes, cultural memory, villain representation, Indian films, cinematic analysis

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) possess unique physicochemical and biological properties, making them applicable in medicine, environmental protection, and consumer products. However, conventional chemical synthesis involves toxic reagents and high-energy input, raising concerns regarding safety and sustainability. Green synthesis involving plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae is an environmentally friendly alternative that utilizes natural biomolecules as reducing and stabilizing agents during nanoparticle size and morphology control. This review summarizes major biological approaches, influencing factors, and key characterization techniques for green-derived ZnO NPs. Their enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties support applications in pharmaceuticals, oral care.

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis, Biological sources, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Biocompatibility

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Adolescence vital period in life due to its significance in the area of developmental psychology. This is the period of heightened sensibility for rapid learning and of critical acquisitions which determine the general style of adult life. The scope of parenting influence on the adolescence will be wider. The parents attitude, have powerful influences upon adolescence. Parents' mental illness can impact on parenting capacity as well as parent-child relations. Parenting Behaviour is one of the mechanisms by which parental mental illness may translate into problematic outcomes in children. Schizophrenia Psychosis is a term used to cover a range of devastating severe mental illnesses where psychotic symptoms typically occur. Children of schizophrenic parents have a number of unique challenges to overcome, it impact on a person's ability to carry out normal daily activities. The study examine the influence of parenting behavior on academic Performance among adolescents of parents with schizophrenia. 400 adolescent students were the sample. schizophrenia characteristics inventory, parent-child relationship questionnaire and behaviour disorder schedule were employed. The study reveals a low-level parenting behaviour among the adolescents of schizophrenic parents, Parenting Behaivour related to academic achievement, and significantly differ with respect to Educational Qualification of parents, Socio Economic Status, and Parents Employment. Significant difference in academic achievement is seen with respect to Gender, Educational Qualification, Socio Economic status, and Parents Employment. There is a significant relationship between total and different dimensions of Parenting Behaivour and Academic Achievement and the joint and individual contribution of the dimensions of parenting behaviour is significant in predicting Academic Achievement.. A healthy and nourishing parent child relationship is an indication of advancement. So innovative programs are improvised and incorporated along with the present educational system Parent Training (Parent-Effectiveness Training), Family therapy, The social skill training:, Confidence building and Balanced emotional attachment with parents: The academic achievement of adolescents having parents with schizophrenia should be improved. The positively motivating Parent child relationship contributes children's success in the academic tasks and something beyond.

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Parenting Behavior, Academic Performance, Adolescents, Parents and Schizophrenia

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Myths have historically functioned as cultural narratives that legitimize social order and moral values. In the Indian context, epics such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata have provided enduring archetypes that continue to shape contemporary discourse. This paper examines how Indian cinema reframes myth as political allegory to interrogate issues of caste and class, focusing on Mani Ratnam's Thalapathi (1991) and Raavan (2010), and Pa. Ranjith's Kaala (2018). Drawing on Roland Barthes' theory of myth as ideological signification and Dalit studies on counter-myths, the analysis highlights how these films subvert traditional narratives by elevating marginalized figures such as Karna and Ravana into heroes of resistance. Through visual symbolism, characterisation, and narrative inversion, the films destabilize hegemonic interpretations of "good" and "evil," foregrounding caste-based exclusion, land struggles, and state violence. By reading these cinematic texts as modern allegories, the study argues that Indian cinema does not simply retell mythology but actively reinterprets it as a tool for social critique. In doing so, it transforms myth from a static cultural repository into a dynamic medium of resistance, allowing suppressed voices to contest dominant ideologies. The paper positions cinema as a contemporary myth-making practice that reimagines epics in the service of social justice.

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Myth; Political Allegory; Indian Cinema; Caste; Class; Subaltern Studies; Counter-Myths

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Women, often regarded as the primary caretakers within families and communities, remain at the frontline of both ecological and societal crises. As nurturers, workers, and nation-builders, their roles are deeply intertwined with the sustainability of everyday life. Yet, throughout history, women have been subjected to media portrayals that undermine their agency and reduce their identities to narrowly defined stereotypes. Among these, advertising stands out as a powerful cultural force that commodities the female body, transforming it into a commercial object and positioning women predominantly as symbols of glamour, desire, and consumption. This paper explores how modern advertising constructs women within consumer culture, examining the dual impact of such portrayals. On one hand, advertisements elevate women as aspirational figures, central to lifestyle branding and the promotion of consumer ideals. On the other, they simultaneously perpetuate reductive stereotypes that objectify women and disconnect them from their real-world roles as decision-makers, nurturers, and ecological stewards. By adopting an eco-feminist lens, the study critically investigates the intersection of gender, ecology, and media representation. Advertising not only reshapes cultural perceptions of femininity but also normalizes unsustainable patterns of consumption. It highlights the broader implications for social values, consumer behaviour, and environmental consciousness in a globalized context. Ultimately, the paper argues that challenging the stereotypes of women in advertising is not only a gendered concern but also a pressing ecological necessity, with significant consequences for achieving sustainable futures.

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Eco-feminism, Gender representation, Advertising stereotypes, Objectification of women, Consumer culture, Environmental consciousness

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Health is an asset to human and to the community and has come to be regarded as a prerequisite to socio-economic development. The active role of women in the development of agriculture, animal husbandry, village cottage industries and several other facets of rural life besides the home and family is well established and is a known fact (Sidramshetter, 2004). Often women because of their household responsibilities and ignorance of health and hygiene practices tend to neglect their food intake and illness till their health problems get aggravated and hampers their normal household chores. The present study focuses on women's health issues and how linked to social, cultural, economic factors, whereas, their nutritional status substantially influences entire aspects of their lives. Women bear multiple burdens in serving all the family members, doing household works, caring children, cooking food and adopting the family planning. If women are not well nourished, they are more likely to give birth to a weak baby resulting to possibility of high infant mortality rate. The paper attempts to examine women's health problems, nutrition intake, age at marriage, their reproductive health, place of delivery and the determinants which influence these indicators in Labpur Community Development Block of Birbhum District, West Bengal. It is found that the health condition of the rural women is yet poor. Women face higher risk of malnutrition, retardation in growth and health condition is adversely affected by child birth under improper place of delivery. In order to materialize the objectives data from both primary and secondary sources have been used. Data have been interpreted with the help of statistical techniques like percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis with the help of MS Excel and Jamovi software. Maps have been prepared applying QGIS.

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Poor, Women's health, Food Intake, Age at marriage, Reproductive health

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Mathematics is integral to Mandala Art, primarily through the use of geometry, symmetry, and proportions to create visually appealing, balanced, and intricate designs. In this paper the authors created the mandala art by using mathematical concepts such as angles, proportion, grids and symmetry of mathematics. We also described the applications mandala art in human health and mental stress. We also observed that the Mandala art is therapy for academic stress.

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Mandala art, Mathematics in mandala art, Geometry, Symmetry, Repetition, Patterns, Rhythm, Angles, Proportion, Radial designs, Grids.

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Materiovigilance primarily focuses on the safety and monitoring of devices for medical use. To monitor the safety of medical devices in the Nation, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) in India launched the Materiovigilance Programme of India (MvPI) in 2015. It summarizes the main goals, aims, and efforts of India's Materiovigilance Program. Through the collection, analysis, and response to unfavorable occurrences and incidents associated with the use of medical devices, the Materiovigilance Programme of India seeks to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of all of such equipment. Healthcare professionals, manufacturers, and consumers can report unwanted events related to medical devices through a nationwide network of Materiovigilance Centers. These reports are then analyzed to identify potential safety concerns and inform regulatory decisions. The creation of a national database for adverse event reporting, activities aimed at enhancing healthcare professional's capacity, and cooperation with foreign regulatory bodies to promote knowledge exchange and best practices in Materiovigilance are some of the primary initiatives of the Materiovigilance Programme of India. By encouraging openness and responsibility in the medical device industry, the Materiovigilance Programme of India helps to safeguard patient safety and the general public health. Medical device monitoring and evaluation on a continuous basis aid in the identification of new dangers and guarantees prompt regulatory responses to reduce them. All things looked at the Materiovigilance Programme of India is essential to protecting patient rights and building trust in the nation's usage of medical devices.

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Adverse event, Medical Device, MvPI, CDSCO

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Abstract Mathematics plays a foundational role in the development and understanding of physical theories. From classical mechanics to modern quantum physics, mathematical structures provide the language and framework necessary to describe physical laws with precision and consistency. This research paper explores the deep interconnection between mathematics and physics, highlighting how mathematical concepts such as calculus, linear algebra, differential equations, probability theory, and abstract algebra are applied to model, analyze, and predict physical phenomena. The study emphasizes both classical and modern applications, demonstrating how mathematics not only supports physics but also drives new discoveries and theoretical advancements.

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Keywords Mathematics in Physics, Mathematical Modeling, Differential Equations, Linear Algebra, Quantum Mechanics, Relativity, Applied Mathematics

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Due to the open border system between India and Nepal, movement of citizens of both the countries is relatively easy, making labor-based migration a common and ongoing process. This migration is mainly motivated by the search for livelihood, better employment opportunities, family responsibilities and the desire to get rid of economic insecurity. Siddharthnagar district of Uttar Pradesh, which is located near the international border of Nepal, has geographically become a favorable destination area for Nepali migrants. The continued demand for labor in agriculture, construction, small business and service sectors makes the region attractive to migrants. The main objective of the presented study is to comprehensively analyze the socio-economic condition of Nepali migrant families living in Siddharthnagar district. Under this, the migrants' means of livelihood, income stability, residential condition, access to health services, children's education, remittances sent to Nepal and the status of their social integration in the local society have been studied. This study is based on primary data collected from 100 Nepali migrant families, which were selected by Snowball Sampling method, as no official list of migrant families was available and they are scattered in different settlements. The study's findings show that most migrants are employed in the unorganized sector, where wages are low, employment is temporary and working conditions are unsafe. Due to instability in income the standard of living remains limited and housing facilities have also been found inadequate. Access to basic services such as health and education is limited and a large number of migrants are deprived of government welfare schemes, largely due to lack of documentation and information. Despite this, migrants are making significant contributions to the local labor market, agricultural production, construction and service sectors. Therefore, the findings from this study can prove to be extremely useful for policy making, district level planning and development of migrant-centric welfare programs in border areas.

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Nepali diaspora, socio-economic status, Siddharthnagar, livelihood, border area

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The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes holistic education through the integration of co-scholastic and skill-based learning within the school curriculum. The present study examines the level of teacher preparedness for implementing co-scholastic and skill education practices and explores the relationship between preparedness and actual classroom implementation. The study also investigates whether teacher preparedness varies based on type of school, board affiliation, and gender. A descriptive survey method was employed, and data were collected from school teachers using a structured questionnaire aligned with the objectives of NEP 2020. The sample included teachers from government and private schools affiliated with CBSE and State Boards. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, including independent samples t-tests, to test the stated hypotheses. The findings revealed no statistically significant differences in teacher preparedness based on type of school, board affiliation, or gender, indicating that preparedness-related challenges are systemic rather than institution-specific. However, the analysis highlighted a positive association between teacher preparedness and the effective implementation of co-scholastic and skill education practices. Factors such as training exposure, confidence in assessment methods, and institutional support emerged as critical enablers of implementation. The study concludes that while NEP 2020 provides a strong policy framework, its successful realization depends largely on sustained investment in teacher professional development and supportive school environments. Strengthening teacher preparedness is essential for translating the policy's holistic and skill-oriented vision into meaningful classroom practice.

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Co-Scholastic, Skill Education, NEP-2020, Preparedness, Training, Implementation gap, teacher preparedness

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Background: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is an advanced microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a major cause of visual impairment. In Ayurveda, long-standing diabetic retinal pathology can be correlated with Madhumehajanya Timira, resulting from chronic Prameha associated with Agnimandya, Ama and Rakta-Meda Dushti affecting the Drishti Mandala. Conventional management primarily aims at preventing further progression, highlighting the need for supportive and holistic therapeutic approaches. Aim: To assess the role of Ayurveda in managing Madhumehajanya Timira corresponding to long-standing proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: A patient diagnosed with long-standing proliferative diabetic retinopathy was treated using a comprehensive Ayurvedic regimen. Internal medications included Chitrakadi Vati, Nishamalaki Choorna, Brihat Vasakadi Kashaya and Triphala Choorna combined with Shuddha Shilajatu. External therapies (Kriyakalpa) such as Nasya with Anu Taila, Thalam with Amalaki kalka sadita Dadhi, Bidalaka using Mukkadi Choorna, Durva Swarasa and Vata Shringa, along with Takradhara were administered. Clinical assessment was based on subjective visual symptoms and fundoscopic and OCT findings. Results: The patient showed improvement in visual comfort with stabilization of vision and no further progression of neovascular changes during the treatment period. Systemic well-being and better glycemic stability were also observed. Conclusion: Ayurvedic management may help in stabilizing disease progression and improving ocular comfort in Madhumehajanya Timira corresponding to long-standing proliferative diabetic retinopathy. An integrative approach addressing systemic metabolic derangements along with ocular pathology can be beneficial as supportive care. Further studies are required to validate these observations.

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Madhumehajanya timira, Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Bidalaka, Thalam, Takradhara.

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Security decision-making in daily life is influenced not only by knowledge and situational factors but also by inherent cognitive biases. Women, especially in modern socio-economic contexts, face diverse security-related challenges in digital, financial, physical, and interpersonal domains, depending on whether they are employed or homemakers, face different environments that shape their risk perception and judgment. Cognitive biases shape security decision-making among working and non-working women, depending on their financial differences, risk perception levels, and behavioural patterns. This qualitative study explores how working and non-working women experience and interpret security threats through the lens of cognitive bias. Findings show differing patterns of familiarity bias, intuition-driven reasoning, digital overconfidence and under confidence, and media-driven availability heuristic. Implications highlight the need for tailored interventions.

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Cognitive bias, Security decision-making, Working, non-working women

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Land has historically constituted the foundation of social organisation, economic life, and political authority among the different communities in the world and Monpa of Arunachal Pradesh are no exception. Embedded within a complex system of customary law, Monpa land categories structured access to resources, defined social hierarchy, regulated inheritance, and mediated relations between households, monasteries, and governing institutions. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the Dakpa-Pangchen region of Tawang district, this paper documents and analyses indigenous land categories such as Mang Sa, Khral, Ma Khral, Zhurpa, Gan Sa, and Parmong. This study argues that these categories function not merely as economic units but as socio-political institutions that ensured social balance, ecological sustainability, and inter-generational continuity. In the contemporary context, however, these traditional systems are undergoing transformation due to state administration, market integration, and changing aspirations. This paper further examines how these traditional categories translate into economic outcomes in the present day, particularly in the context of government land acquisition, compensation distribution, and shifting livelihood patterns. By recording these practices at the village level, the paper contributes to the preservation of indigenous knowledge systems and provides an empirical basis for culturally sensitive land governance in the eastern Himalayas.

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Monpa, Monyul, Khral, Indigenous Land Systems, Dakpa-Pangchen, Customary Law, Social Stratification, Economic Transformation

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Queer Futurity, Heteronormativity, Concrete Utopia, LGBTQ

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Arunachal Pradesh formally known as NEFA is situated in North Eastern part of Indian territory.

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Nyishi, Nyibus, Rituals, Taboos,Wiyus

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Art and Science represent two foundational pillars of human understanding and experience. Each contributes our understanding of the world. While Science focuses on empirical facts and the knowledge of the physical world, Art facilitates the interpretation and emotional connection to that knowledge. In the context of Biology--a science often taught with strict adherence to its specialized content and boundaries--traditional teaching methods can inadvertently contribute to high-pressure academic environments. This pressure can hinder student engagement and comprehension, particularly in complex subjects such as Biomolecules. This mixed-method study employed a sequential explanatory design to examine the impact of Art Integrated Learning (AIL) on reducing academic stress while enhancing comprehension in Biology. Two groups of students were studied: an Art-Based Activity Group (ABAG) and a Non-Art-Based Activity Group (NABAG). Quantitative data were collected through pre-test and post-test assessments focused on three challenging topics in Biomolecules. The results revealed that the ABAG not only achieved significantly higher post-test scores but also reported lower levels of academic stress compared to the NABAG. Qualitative analysis of student-created artwork suggested that the integration of art into the learning process allowed students to engage with the material in a more relaxed and creative manner, thereby reducing the cognitive load and pressure often associated with mastering difficult biological concepts. The findings suggest that incorporating Art into the teaching of Biology not only improves academic performance but also contributes to a more supportive and less stressful learning environment. This approach represents a significant step toward creating a more holistic and enjoyable educational experience, where students can thrive both intellectually and emotionally.

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Art Integrated learning, Biology teaching, Reduce pressure, Academic Environment

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The paper will explore the concept of entrepreneurship education as one of the solutions to socio-economic empowerment of women in Arunachal Pradesh, which is a culturally diverse and geographically isolated area characterized by unique development challenges. The study is qualitative and exploratory and explores the role played by formal, non-formal, and informal entrepreneurial education in enhancing skills, confidence, generating income and social involvement amongst women. The results show that entrepreneurship education is effective in improving the economic capacity and contributing to social empowerment through increasing the power of decision making, mobility and social recognition among women. Nevertheless, empowerment results are different based on capabilities of having quality training, institutional support and enabling environments. Women-led enterprises are limited in terms of structural factors like limited finance, weak market connectivity, inadequate infrastructure and entrenched gender norms, which reduce the scalability and sustainability of these ventures. The paper notes that there is a necessity to have context-specific, gender-sensitive policies that combine entrepreneurship education with financial inclusion, market access, and institutional support. The paper adds to the conversation on regional and gender-related development through the foregrounding of education as the key facilitator of women empowerment in Arunachal Pradesh.

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entrepreneurship education, women's empowerment, socio-economic development, Arunachal Pradesh, skill development, gender inclusion, livelihoods

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Kamala Markandaya (1924-2004) stands as a major voice in Indian English fiction, known for her insightful portrayal of the clash between traditional Indian values and the unsettling rise of modern forces. Her novels, mostly situated in post-independence India, address issues such as industrial growth, Western influence, class disparity, and spiritual upheaval. This study examines how this tension unfolds in four of her significant works -- Nectar in a Sieve, Some Inner Fury, The Coffer Dams, and Possession. Through close attention to characterization, cultural environments, and narrative structure, the paper contends that Markandaya avoids simplistic binaries: she neither idealizes the past nor blindly endorses modernization. Instead, she envisions a human-centered mode of progress that must be anchored in cultural continuity. Her fiction highlights both the damaging consequences of development--displacement, exploitation, cultural loss--and the sustaining force of tradition--community, identity, and moral grounding. Ultimately, her novels advocate a thoughtful and compassionate negotiation between heritage and change, a perspective increasingly relevant in the contemporary global world.

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Tradition; Modernity; Industrialization; Postcolonialism; Cultural Encounter.

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