Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

The present study aims to develop and assess a polyherbal hair gel using natural extracts for hair care benefits, evaluating its physicochemical properties, stability, and efficacy in promoting hair health. Specifically, the gel will examine the potential benefits of guava leaf, flaxseed, and neem juice extracts in reducing hair loss and eliminating dandruff. This study's primary goal is to create and assess a polyherbal hair gel and identify its physiochemical function, with a focus on the product's quality, safety, and efficacy. The active constituents in this preparation are guava leaves, flaxseed, neem leaves, water, and methyl parabens. These ingredients are combined into a gel that is made with Carbopol 940 at different concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 2%. The research provides insights into creating polyherbal hair care formulations, highlighting the importance of combining traditional wisdom with modern scientific methods for long-lasting, healthy hair care solutions.

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Polyherbal, Physicochemical properties, Stability, Efficacy, Guava leaf, Flaxseed

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"Ink and Empowerment: Redefining Women's Representation through a Feminist Lens in Contemporary Indian English Fiction" investigates the transformative power of contemporary Indian English fiction in reshaping women's representation. Against the backdrop of a rapidly changing society, this study delves into the ways in which authors employ a feminist lens to challenge traditional stereotypes and redefine the roles of women in literature. Through a comprehensive analysis of selected novels, the research explores the nuanced narratives, character dynamics, and narrative strategies that contribute to empowering portrayals of women. This abstract encapsulates the study's focus on the intersectionality of gender, culture, and socio-economic factors, unveiling the potential of literature as a medium for fostering empowerment and social change.

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Feminism, Women's Representation, Contemporary Indian English Fiction, Empowerment, Gender Dynamics, Narrative Strategies, Cultural Intersectionality, Societal Transformation, Stereotype Challenge, Literary Empowerment.

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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the 16th leading cause of years of life of worldwide. Dhatwagnimandya and derangement in all dhatus and strotas play Major role in the pathogenesis of CKD. In CKD, dhatwagnimandya causes dhatuvaishamya ultimately leading to Ojo-Vikruti. Aims and Objectives- 1. To study the correlation between chronic kidney disease and dhatwagnimandya. 2. To study the correlation of chronic kidney disease and Ojo-vikruti. Material and Methods- An observational study was conducted in affiliated hospital. Sample size: 40. Data was obtained by assessing the sign and symptoms of dhatwagnimandya, ojo-vikruti and chronic kidney disease. Observation - The clinical features of CKD are correlated with dhatwagnimandya, Ojo-vikruti. Lakshanas of vitiation of Rasa dhatu Rasavaha srotas like Aruchi (Anorexia), Hrullas (Nausea), Tandra (Drowsiness/Fatigue), Angamard (Body ache), Pandutva (Anemia), Nasho Agnehe (loss of digestion Strength), Chardi (vomiting), Krushangata (weight loss) were observed. Ojo-vikruti lakshanas viz. gatra-sada, stabdh gurugatrata, vaat shoph, nidra, moha and glaani are correlated with sign and symptoms of CKD. Conclusion- It is concluded that there is correlation between dhatwagnimandya, ojo-vikruti and chronic kidney disease.

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Agni, Dhatwagnimandya, Ojo-Vikruti, Chronic kidney disease. Introduction -

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may be a risk factor for exacerbations of asthma, according to recent evidence. In patients with simultaneous OSAS, inflammation (local and systemic), neuromechanical reflex bronchoconstriction, gastric reflux, and the indirect effect of OSAS-induced cardiac dysfunction on dyspnea have all been proposed as processes that contribute to deteriorating asthma control. Leptin-related alterations in airways, vascular endothelial growth factor-induced airway angiogenesis, and OSAS-induced weight gain could potentially have a common mechanism underlying these two illnesses. Asthmatics are more likely than the general population to experience OSAS symptoms, according to multiple research. Nasal obstruction, a decrease in pharyngeal cross sectional area, and an increase in upper airway collapsibility are common asthmatic traits that exacerbate symptoms of OSAS. It is crucial to understand the nature of the connection between OSAS and asthma since it has significant treatment ramifications.

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS), Leptin

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It is a study which concerns the importance and role including features of stock index futures in Indian Financial market and this also trace the ways to trade the same in the Indian market.

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Stock Index Futures

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Inequality is the main source of marginality which led to insecurity, injustice and exploitation. Marginalized sections are always on the fringe and distanced from the power centers. For G. Spivak, the "subaltern" indicates that women in the Third World are dis empowered and oppressed.Marginalized literature reflects various themes such as oppression, gender discrimination, subjugation of lower and working classes, disregarded women, deprived sections of society.In the realms of modern Kashmiri Literature, Akhtar holds a significant position as a rebel against the tradition of marginalization in Kashmiri society. The writings of Akhtar have candidly and outrageously voiced his wrath and reaction against the patriarchal superiority and dominance that begot sex discrimination and led to marginalization of women in their social, cultural and family relationship. In 1955, he wrote first Kashmiri short story Dandvazun (Tiff or Squabble) which got famous, for it was about socially marginalized and downtrodden and was the real portrayal of same group. In the same year Akhtar published his first collection of short stories named Sath Sangar (The Seven Hilltops). This contains six short stories and a translation of Maupassant's short story A Piece of String. In 1956-1957, Akhtar's novel Dod Dag [Disease and Pain] was published, although his first novel, which was published in 2011, is Zaat Butraat [Earth and its Origin].

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Marginality, Sex , Female, Subaltern , Patriarchy,Society.etc.

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With the success of several clinical trials of products based on human serum albumin (HSA) and the rapid development of nanotechnology, HSA-based nanodrug delivery systems (HBNDSs) have received extensive attention in the field of nanomedicine. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive reviews exploring the broader scope of HBNDSs in biomedical applications beyond cancer therapy. To address this gap, this review takes a systematic approach. Firstly, it focuses on the crystal structure and the potential binding sites of HSA. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive summary of recent progresses in the field of HBNDSs for various biomedical applications over the past five years, categorized according to the type of therapeutic drugs loaded onto HSA. These categories include small-molecule drugs, inorganic materials and bioactive ingredients. Finally, the review summarizes the characteristics and current application status of HBNDSs in drug delivery, and also discusses the challenges that need to be addressed for the clinical transformation of HS.

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human serum albumin; drug delivery; biomedical applications;bindingsite.

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Obesity is one of the nutritional disorder affecting people of all age groups. Increase in body weight have been caused due to reduced physical activity rather than change in intake of food or by other means. Though its incidence is now increasing but Obesity has been described in Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthana: ch XXI v. 3-4) in the context of body phenotypes with obese phenotype having the following 8 defects [1]: 1. Shortening of life span 2. Hampered movement 3. Difficulty in sexual intercourse 4. Debility 5. Foul smell 6. Over sweating 7. Excessive much hunger 8. Excessive thirst Obesity is the primary driver of non-communicable diseases like Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases, Disabilities like osteoarthritis and even cancer.

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Obesity, Homoeopathic Approach, obesity & Homoeopathy, Assesment of Obesity,BMI

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Abstract Background: Residents of Himachal Pradesh, India, face inherent vulnerability to natural disasters like landslides and floods. Preparedness becomes crucial in mitigating their impact. This article highlights the importance of community engagement in disaster management for this region. Objectives: 1. Identify community responsibilities in disaster prevention and risk awareness. 2. Examine approaches to managing landslide and flood disasters through active community participation. 3. Analyse risk assessment and preparedness strategies adopted by communities in Himachal Pradesh. Methods: This study combines: o Literature review on community-based disaster management. o In-depth analysis of existing approaches in Himachal Pradesh. o Consideration of natural disaster types like landslides and floods. Significance: The article contributes to: o Understanding the role of communities in reducing disaster vulnerability. o Identifying effective community-based risk assessment and preparedness strategies. o Providing insights for enhancing community resilience in Himachal Pradesh.

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Keywords: Community preparedness, Himachal Pradesh, landslides, floods, disaster management

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Now a day's vehicle parking is an imporant issue and day by day its necessity is increasing. In india we are still using the manual vehicle parking system and that is why we are facing problems like wastage of time and fuel finding free space around the parking ground , To solve these problems we are introducing design and impliment QR- code based smart parking system would be mainly focused on assisting driver to easily find vacant parking spaces in a proper parking region and there will be monitor available where the number of available parking slots will be displayed.

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the user will have to provide his mobile phone number and car's registration numberand the operator will give command to open the gate, a car parking tray will come & will park the car in the garage. The user will reiceve a sms which will contain a code. After the car is parked a time counter will count the amount of money to be deducated till car is parked out and while parking out the driver reach the spot then security guard give QR code to the driver to scan the QR to scan and payme

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Cities experiencing rapid population growth and urbanization face a major challenge in the form of traffic congestion.The increased population and urbanization rates contribute to elevated stress level,primarily stemming from air and noice pollution,as well as heightened fule consumption thereby making urban life more challenging to overcome on this situation we are working on smart traffic signal process named as Traffic Light Coordination And Perception-Driven Indentification with the use of Artificial Intelligence and also focussing on project optimization.

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Traffic congestion,Project optimization,Artificial Intelligence

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"Insurance" has been playing a very crucial role from the beginning of the 19th Century. Its an intensive business in human life. The different type of policies of insurance sectors whether its public or private have been putting positive impact on the life of the people. Keeping an eye over today's competitive global market, the insurance sectors open the door for the better career opportunities for the youth. Getting a Job in Insurance Sector directly shows the status symbol of the employee. Instead of all the safe sides, employees face many challenges in different situations and the job opportunities also varies. During COVID-19, this year has totally changed the working culture in corporate sectors. Employees of these sectors declared essential by the State and Central Government and their work was taken as mandatory functions. For this, employees faced a high risk of exposure of Covid 19. Risk increased very fast because of unregulated safety measures, lack of protective equipment and crowded settings for the employees of these sectors. During this epidemic, many important factors arose-such as Job Security, Inadequate Paid Sick Leave, Salary Cut, Retrenchment, High Job Attrition, Low Socio-Economic Status. This study aims at understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by employees of this sector during the period of COVID-19. This study also suggests practices and methods to be adapted by companies during pandemic.

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CORPORARTE SECTORS, COVID-19, INSURANCE SECTORS, JOB ATTRITION, JOB OPPURTUNITIES, PANDEMIC, RETRENCHEMENT

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The Contagious Disease Act was a series of legislative measures enacted in 19th-century colonial India and later in England, Scotland, and Ireland. These acts aimed to combat sexually transmitted diseases, particularly syphilis and gonorrhoea, by implementing mandatory medical examinations and treating women on the street. The rationale behind these acts was to protect the health of the military by preventing the spread of sexually transmitted infections. However, the act specifically targeted women involved in prostitution, largely ignoring the role of men in spreading the disease. This paper examines the unique history of prostitution in 19th-century colonial India, focusing on the intersection of legal, social, and moral dimensions under British rule. It explores the implementation of the Contagious Diseases Acts, which introduced Victorian moral values into Indian law, aimed at controlling female sexuality and venereal diseases among British troops. The analysis highlights the complex dynamics of power, gender, and class, revealing how these laws affected the social standing of women engaged in prostitution and the broader implications for Indian society. Through a critical examination of colonial and indigenous responses, this study underscores the lasting impact of colonial legal frameworks on contemporary social and legal challenges in India, contributing to a deeper understanding of the colonial legacy on gender and morality.

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Venereal Disease, Nationalism, British Empire, Lock Hospitals, Criminalization, Prostitution.

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COVID-19, a highly transmissible respiratory ailment, was initially identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It swiftly spread worldwide and is attributed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Notable variants such as Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron have emerged, resulting in symptoms such as fever, cough, and breathing difficulties. As of 2023, approximately 770 million cases have been documented, with a tragic death toll of 6.9 million. Several factors contribute to increased COVID-19 morbidity among adults, including advanced age, male gender, pre-existing health conditions, and racial/ethnic disparities. Protective measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection encompass a adequate nutrition, COVID-19 vaccination, and the management of atopic conditions. The arsenal of tools to combat COVID-19 includes antiviral medications, steroids, chloroquine, convalescent plasma, vaccines, and monoclonal antibody treatments aimed at preventing severe illness. Broadly, there are six main categories into which potential vaccine candidates can be organized, each offering unique approaches to vaccination. These categories encompass viral vector-based vaccines, DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, nanoparticle-based vaccines, inactivated-whole virus vaccines, and live-attenuated vaccines. Severe cases of COVID-19 are marked by rest-related shortness of breath and respiratory distress. A combination of techniques, such as genome sequencing, nucleic acid molecular testing, antigen/antibody detection, and computed tomography imaging, are employed to diagnose and screen for COVID-19 infection. This review delves into the current state of knowledge, prevention strategies, treatment options, and the analysis of extensive vaccines related to COVID-19.

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Covid-19, Corona virus, Vaccines, Monoclonal antibody, DNA

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ChatGPT is a series of popular generative Artificial Intelligence Chabot and language model developed by OpenAI, The large language models (LLMS) that support earlier Chabot models were unmoral and could only process and generate text, and potential to play in public health. With its ability to generate human like text bases on large amounts of data, ChatGPT has the potential to support individuals and communities in making informed decisions about their health. However, as with any technology, there are limitations and challenges to consider when using ChatGPT in public health. ChatGPT works by attempting to understand prompt and spitting out strings of words that it predicts will best answer our question, based on the data it was trained on, and generally considered to be safe to use. In this study potential uses and issues of ChatGPT in public health, as well as the merits and demerits of future, scope, uses ChatGPT, Cyber security in Medical Information and its capabilities is examined.

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Keywords: Introduction of ChatGPT, Public health, Uses, Issues, Cyber security, AI

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The primary objective of this project is to create a reliable malware detection and classification system that is specifically designed for Linux environments. This system uses machine learning to provide real-time detection capabilities that quickly identify known and unknown threats. One of the system's primary features is an extensive classification mechanism that classifies malware and offers useful details about threat characteristics. Ethical concerns ensure that data handling and user privacy are given the most importance during the detection process. This initiative attempts to minimize false positives, maximize resource efficiency, and improve flexibility in response to changing threats. The project increases the understanding of responsive malware detection and strengthens the security of Linux systems by providing a contribution to the field of cybersecurity.

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ELF, DDOS

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Background: Wheelchair basketball, an adapted version of the sport, has been integral to the Paralympic Games (POG) since the 1960s, providing individuals with diverse physical disabilities a platform for competitive engagement. However, despite the recognition of sports injuries and their multifaceted effects on athletes' physiology, physical well-being, and psychology, there remains a gap in understanding specific aspects within the context of wheelchair basketball. This study addresses the existing limitations in defining and describing injuries, particularly concerning their location, mechanisms, and risk factors. Aim: This study investigates common injuries in wheelchair basketball athletes, primary injuries, and affected anatomical regions in wheelchair basketball athletes. Material and methods: The data was collected from various databases and search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, and Science Direct using the following keywords: "sports injuries", "common injuries", "wheelchair athletes", and "para-athletes". Results: Ninety-seven studies were initially identified, with full reading conducted for 79 articles. Sixty articles were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria, resulting in a final analysis of 19 studies. After reviewing 19 articles the study found that the shoulder was the most affected region and the upper body was the most affected body segment. The least affected were lower limbs. Discussion: The study indicates that wheelchair basketball athletes experience diverse injuries primarily linked to the biomechanics of anatomical structures. The upper limbs, particularly the shoulder region, exhibited the highest injuries. The prevalence of contact in the sport significantly influences the injury pattern, with the shoulder, hand, head, and spine identified as the most affected body regions in this research.

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Para-athletes, sports injuries, biomechanics, recurring injuries

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Abstract: The main objective of the study is to Study of Self-Concept of Students studying in secondary schools. The study applied survey method to explore the self-concept of secondary school students. A total of 300 students took part in the study. Vikram-Prahallada Self-Concept Inventory was used to collect the data. An independent sample t test was used to analyse the collected data. A graphic representation of the data was also displayed. The study found that, locality and class have no significant effect on the self-concept of secondary school students. In terms of self-concept dimensions, the study found a strong effect of locality on emotional characteristics, personality traits and social behaviour, as well as a significant effect of class on emotional characteristics.

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SELF-CONCEPT, STUDENTS AND SECONDARY SCHOOL.

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Prostate cancer stands out as one of the most intricate forms of cancer and is the foremost cause of death among men. Due to cellular heterogeneity and variation in Androgen receptor expression diagnosis and treatment of Prostate cancer is very challenging. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents have been developed to block binding and inhibit the synthesis of Androgen. However, long-term use of Androgen deprivation therapy leads to resistant prostate cancer. Metformin is a biguanide which is the most commonly prescribed drug for T2DM. It lowers glucose levels through AMPK activation, subsequently affecting the mTOR pathway and additionally inhibiting the PI3K/Akt by regulation of PIP3. Hence, Metformin may be an important molecule in the case of heterogeneity of AR signalling where it might influence AMPK and mTOR pathway. In this paper we have evaluated the efficacy of metformin in presence or absence of AR or its variant. The study involves three different cell lines:1) Lncap cells with an AR receptor,2) 22RV-1 cells with an AR and its variant, and 3) PC3 cells, an AR-negative cell line. We investigated the Inhibitory activity of metformin in these cell lines in the context of AR. and its variant ARV7. Moreover, the influence of Synthetic androgen R1881 was also explored.

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AMP, AMPK, AR, ARV7, ATP, DBD, ER, mTOR, LBD

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This research investigates the multifaceted impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on import and export trade dynamics. The study delves into the transformative effects of GST, examining streamlined documentation processes, harmonised taxation, and the pivotal role of Input Tax Credit. While the findings underscore numerous advantages such as enhanced efficiency and a competitive shift, challenges such as initial implementation hurdles and complexities for small businesses are also identified. The government's proactive adaptation of policies, emphasis on digital integration, and efforts towards global harmonisation emerge as critical factors in shaping the GST landscape. The research concludes with suggestions, including simplifying compliance, enhancing support for small businesses, and fostering digital literacy. As GST continues to evolve, a strategic and adaptive approach, coupled with stakeholder collaboration and education, is deemed essential for navigating the intricate dynamics of import and export trade within the GST regime.

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Goods and Services Tax, Impact of GST, Import-Export, Compliance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition