Volume 8 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Phase Change Material (PCM) plays an crucial position as a thermal strength garage tool by way of using its excessive storage density and latent warmness property. The thermo- physical guidelines of Maltitol, (a sugar alcohol), became investigated as a potential fabric for developing increasingly meaty solar thermal power storage structures than those presently available. This latent warmth storage medium could be applied for business and industrial applications using solar thermal electricity garage inside the temperature variety of 100�145�C. The goal of this investigation was to decide through experimentation, if Al2O3 sparse in pure Maltitol for combos of 1, and 3% (by weight) progressed the thermal overall performance of Maltitol for sun thermal strength structures. Nanoparticles best bodily interacted with Maltitol and not chemically, plane without 25 thermal cycles. Without cycling, Nano-Maltitol studied right here suffered a decrease subtract in warmth of fusion than pure Maltitol, which makes Nano-Maltitol increasingly appropriate for solar thermal garage packages at 100�145�C.

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Maltitol(PCM), Al2O3 Nano particle, Thermal Cycling, Ball Milling, DSC, FTIR, SEM.

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This paper understands the concepts of derivatives, hedging and analyzes the Indian Aviation Sector in India. This paper reviews thirty published articles by renowned authors to further understand this field of research. This paper collects the data of Crude Oil prices, Aviation Turbine Fuel prices, Brent prices among others. This paper analyzes the data using models such as Descriptive Statistics, Correlation, Regression, GARCH Model, One-Way ANOVA Test, Unit Root Test, Co-integration and the Granger�s Causality test. The analysis provides desirable results and helps further interpretation and analysis. The results of the analysis also help develop good strategies for airline companies. This paper finds that Crude Oil Prices and Aviation Turbine Fuel prices are highly positively related whose correlation is almost perfect positive (0.98 correlation). The Crude Oil daily future prices do not show any effect of GARCH which shows that its volatility is not significant. The GARCH of Aviation Turbine Fuel prices is significant which helps the authors develop a strategy. Finally, the authors recommend that airline companies use Crude Oil as a proxy hedge for Aviation Turbine Fuel. Hedging using this proxy will help airlines reduce uncertainties and aid better financial planning and provide higher shareholder�s wealth.

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Hedging, Derivatives, Crude Oil, Aviation Turbine Fuel, Proxy-hedge, Correlation, Regression.

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Living beings are the part of environment. A good environment helps all round development of one�s personality and bad environment inhibits it. Both human beings and animals are effected by environmental pollution directly and indirectly. Environmental conservation is important because when we protect the environment, we are not protecting some distinct, distant entity but ourselves. Degradation of the is going on unabated. It is our duty to protect and preserve the environment and the ecological balance. This menace can be prevented only be creating awareness among the people. Rapid deforestation has been the main cause of environmental degradation. Many forests belts has been cleared away to set up industrial units. Rapid urbanisation swallowed the remaining green belts. Deforestation has led to disastrious results. Floods, soil erosion and landslides have destroyed the ecological balance. It is the call of time to plant more and more trees as it brings rain and keep the upper soil intact. Our rivers and lakes have become dumping grounds for industrial wastes, garbage and dirt. Those water has not remained fit for human consumption. Our cities are dirtier every day. The emission of some smoke from factories have converted our cities into big gas chambers. Educational institutions plays a major role to learn and bring awareness about the environmental pollution and protection among young stars which will be discussed in the paper. Only a concerted effort by all can help in maintaining the ecological balance for proper environment. So it is important that we spread the message through other social institutions to make greater change in the society. Different sources through which young stars will learn about the environmental pollution, specially air, water and soil pollution and about the environmental protection will also be discussed in the paper.

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Environment, Deforestation, Pollution, Protection, Education

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Physiological lower leg oedema is one of the cutaneous manifestations of pregnancy.Foot massage has been found to decrease the level of physiological lower leg oedema. Foot massaging stimulates lymphatic circulation and decreases swelling. Massaging the feet from toes to calf and exercising gentle pressure with the fingertips may helps to shift water out of the tissue. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of foot massage on reduction of physiological lower leg oedema among primigravida mothers. Research design adopted for this study was pre experimental with one group pre and post test design.Erin oedema scale was used to assess the level of physiological lower leg oedema. the mean value of post test level of physiological lower leg oedema after receiving foot massage was 2.38 and it was lower than the pretest mean value 0.58. The calculated�t�test value was 7.51 showed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of foot massage at p < 0.05 level.On the basis of this study the investigator were concluded that foot massage reduces the level of physiological lower leg oedema and the reflexology technique is the best method to reduce the level of physiological lower leg oedema.

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Foot Massage,

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Liberalization of the economy of India in 1991 has paved the way for various foreign country products to enter in the country. Chinese products in the Indian markets are not a rare sight. They have taken up shelf spaces in many of the retail stores in India giving quite a threat and competition to the Indian products. Also the consumers of India face quite a dilemma in choosing their preferred product between Indian and Chinese. The present research investigation makes a genuine attempt to understand the attitude of the consumers towards the various Chinese products and to study the impact of some predetermined factors on the attitude of the consumers in Guwahati city. The research investigation further tries to find out the level of competition between the Indian and Chinese products in Guwahati city. For serving the purpose of the study both primary data and secondary data has been used. Primary data have been collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. Secondary sources of data include journals and internet. The sample size for the study consists of 96 respondents and the collected data has been analyzed with the help of the statistical tool; SPSS software.

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Indian products, Chinese products, Consumers attitude, Competition.

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The Article is in regards to the relation between children literature and the foundational development of a child. The childhood is the tenderest and crucial stage of a human development and children literature can play a very intrinsic role in this stage. The article basically focuses on the importance and role played by child literature in the cognitive and analytical development of a child psychology. Also it discusses about the various aspects in which children literature can play a proficient role in the development of child psychology.

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Children Literature, Psychology

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endodontic therapy, Herojit's method, root canal

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The Economical and overall development of rural sector depends upon the panchayat raj system in India. Rural development generally refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic wellbeing of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry. However, changes in global production networks and increased urbanization have changed the character of rural areas. Increasingly tourism, niche manufacturers, and recreation have replaced resource extraction and agriculture as dominant economic drivers. The Gram Panchayat is a parliament of any village today in India has 238617 gram panchayat and 180032grampanchayat Gghars.

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PANCHAYAT RAJ SYATEM

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The maximum lifetime routing problem in wireless sensor networks has received increasing attention in recent years. One way is to formulate it as a linear programming problem by maximizing the time at which the first node runs out of energy subject to the flow conservation constraints. The solutions in this problem correspond to the rates allocated to each link. In this paper, propose the use of a regularization method which can jointly maximize the network lifetime and minimize another objective (e.g., packet delay). Most of the sensor nodes are battery powered. The limited amount of energy in each node is one of the bottlenecks. One simple approach is to minimize the power consumed to deliver a packet to the destination. The typical solution is to use the shortest path with link costs equal to the energy required in each link to transmit a packet. Another approach is to maximize the lifetime of the network. There are various ways to define the lifetime of a WSN. It can be defined as the time at which the first node runs out of its energy.

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: WSNS, Distributed Data, Energy Efficiency,Routing model,Hotspot problem in wireless sensor networks

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of yoga practices on selected physical variables among college men football players. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences on selected physical components due to the effect of yoga practices among college men football players. For the present study the 30 male college football players from sree kerala Varam College thrissur , St Thomas College thrissur , Kerala, India were selected at random and their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. For the present study pre test and post-test random group design, which consists of control group and experimental group was used. The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal groups of fifteen each and named as Group �A �and Group �B?. Group �A? underwent yoga practices and Group �B? have not underwent any training. Power and flexibility were assessed by standing board jump and sit and reach test. The data were collected before and after nine weeks of training. The data were analysed by applying t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The experimental group showed better improvement on speed and agility skills among college men football players than the control group.

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Yoga practices, power, flexibility, football

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Abstract The status of women has been a key issue since ancient period and still it is a big matter of concern in twenty first century. Though there are laws to protect the rights of women, they are far behind from all such legal facilities. Fixed minimum wage, equal pay for equal work, maternity leave, medical aid and other such basic essentials provided to any employee are still a mirage for domestic workers . While all other workers have their unions, domestic workers remain ill organised. As said by Tine Staermose, the Director, International Labour Organisation, �there is an urgent need for the recognition of the people engaged in domestic work within an employment relationship as workers and to bring them under the labour legislation so they can access services and benefits similar to other workers�. There are close to 10 million domestic workers in India but despite significant contributions made by the work force in the country, society remains slow in recognising people engaged in domestic work because of which such people keep struggling to earn a living (ILO, 2014). The present paper has brought the situation of female domestic workers into common forum for discussion in future.

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Key words: Minimum wage, ill organised, labour legislation, vulnerable, legal facility

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Abstract: The crucial role of parents and family in caring, nurturing, protecting and socializing young children is well established across the cultures. Parenting can influence children�s social, emotional and academic adjustment effects have been made to determine factors that affect parenting behaviour. The data were collected from 50 parents (25 from children with ADHD and 25 from parents of normal children). Socio-personal data and parenting style were assessed by interview and self report. 80% had moderate permissive parenting style in ADHD group and 10(40%) had mild permissive parenting style and 11(44%) had moderate permissive parenting style in normal group.

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Key words: Parenting style, parenting, children with ADHD, normal children.

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When it comes to the discussion of fiction, the first thing that strikes us is that whether the discussion is on the genre fiction or the literary fiction. This paper aims to focus on both the genre fiction and literary fiction. The intention of the paper is to highlight the debate that generally goes on between the genre/ popular fiction and literary/ serious fiction. The paper tries to focus on how the world of literature is divided between the genre fiction and the literary fiction. There is a group that believes literary fiction to be the real fiction thereby discarding genre fiction as a part of literature. Whereas there are people who are generally found devouring on the genre fiction most of the time, they find the literary fiction to be flat and lifeless. It is because of this distinction in the thoughts between the two groups, there is a tug of war between the genre fiction and the literary fiction. It is this debate that the paper tries to focus on. Further, the paper tries to define what fiction is all about and at the same time tries an attempt to explicate genre fiction and the literary fiction. The purpose of the paper is to show whether there is actually any difference between the genre fiction and literary fiction or it is just a prejudiced notion in the mind of the literary critics. The paper aims at showing the discrimination done between both the fictions. There is always a competition found between both the fictions in which one is always considered as superior whereas the other is always considered inferior; one is always highly positioned whereas the other is always at low- ranking. The intention of both the fictions may be same- to be read, acknowledged and appreciated by the readers, but the readers on the other hand, always distinguish between the two, thereby accepting one and rejecting the other. This is what the paper tries to show here. There are many great writers, many great literary critics who have shared their views on the literary fiction and the genre fiction, and the paper tries to take their help in order to justify the points that have already been mentioned here. The paper has taken the help of Arthur Krystal�s Easy Writers Guilty Pleasures Without Guilt; Lev Grossman�s Literary Revolution in the Supermarket Aisle: Genre Fiction is Disruptive Technology; W.H. Auden�s The Guilty Vicarage: Notes on the detective story by an old addict; Edmund Wilson�s Why Do People Read Detective Stories; Leslie A. Fielder�s Towards a Definition of Popular Literature; and the paper has also taken the help from different websites where the articles based on the debate between genre fiction and literary fiction are found.

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Fiction, Literary fiction/ Serious fiction, Genre fiction/ Popular fiction, literary group, common people, entertainment, reality, hegemony, mass group, elite group, marginalization

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The constant demand for heavier, longer, faster and more efficient rail freight vehicles, onboard fault detection system appear as a good approach for enhanced railway asset exploitation. Today accidents occur due to many reasons. One of the main reasons is brake failure which may lead to derailment. If the brake or shock absorber fails, then the LED display indicates engine driver with a buzzer sound. If derailment occurs, the message will be send by GSM and GPS to the nearby station.

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Buzzer, Brake wire, Brake lever, Fault Detection, Wagon, Brake Failure, Shock Absorber.

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ABSTRACT Financial reporting is as old as existence of Joint Stock Companies. The need of financial reporting arises due to separation of ownership and management of the companies. In India financial reporting is regulated by the enactment of the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and The Companies Act, 1956 and earlier Companies Act. For long time Indian Corporates were working in the separate isolated compartment, somewhat immune from global environment and reporting was concentrated within the needs of domestic arena only. ICAI with issuance of Accounting Standards was successfully able to standardise the Indian Reporting System. With the popular LPG reforms a new era of competitive environment was thrown open to Indian corporates, which not only led to consolidation of Indian corporates with foreign multinational and transnational organisations, but also required Indian reporting system to sync with global standard to facilitate comparison among all global business entities. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provides a standardised reporting system to facilitate easy comparison of different business entities to serve unique needs of its various stakeholders. This paper discusses the needs for IFRS, its adoption procedure in India and the utility for India in adopting IFRS, the problems and challenges faced by the stakeholders and its impact on India. Further, this paper also tries to bring about the ways through which these problems can be addressed.

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Keywords: IASB, Financial Reporting, IFRS, the Companies Act, 2013, IND-AS

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Internet registration usually requires one sort of the Completely Automated Public Turing test to inform Computer and Human Apart (CAPTCHA) to avoid illegal registration through computer programs called bots. The CAPTCHA script is formed of distorted or noised characters. This paper presents an analytical study of extraction of varied statistical features for recognition of every character in CAPTCHA image. OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is generic process in area of pattern recognition and is aimed to recognize each character in CAPTCHA image. OCR system involves basic four stages: preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification which is followed by actual recognition. The technique of feature extraction plays an important role in character recognition. The CAPTCHA character recognition depends on the extracted features. The various statistical feature extraction techniques have been applied over character image. Here, the various types of statistical feature extraction methods are discussed for the application of character recognition for CAPTCHA verification.

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Keywords: CAPTCHA, OCR, Bots, Feature extraction, Pattern recognition.

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Automobile industry plays a vital role to boost economic growth of developing countries like India. Currently, it is contributing more than 7% to GDP in India and approximately 320 lakhs of people are working in this sector. Thus it is indispensable to measure the financial performance of this business organisation. This research paper measures the financial performance of selected companies of automobile for the period of 10 years from 2009 to 2019 by using ratio analysis. The objective of this study is to measure and compare the financial performance of three selected companies to rate their financial performance. This research is conducted with the help of secondary data which is collected from the annual reports of selected companies. ANOVA and descriptive statistics are used to evaluate the implications of ratios on financial performance. It is revealed that there is significant difference both of the liquidity and profitability performance among the selected companies of automobile industry.

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Automobile Industry, Financial Performance, Ratios.

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Indian railway is a popular mode of transport in India. It provides comfortable journey to every class of people. It is very helpful in transferring heavy & large materials like jute, cement, petroleum etc. from one part of the country to another part. This research paper measures inter temporal growth and performance of Indian railways for the period of five years from 2013-14 to 2017-18 through exponential growth rate mechanism. The study is entirely based on secondary data that is collected from annual reports of Indian railway. In this paper it was found that growth of Indian railways is satisfactory for total investment, total capital, number of passengers originating, number of stations etc. but net revenue receipts and number of employees employed are showing negative growth. Findings of this study will help Indian railways in the process of decision making.

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Indian railways, growth, exponential growth rate

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This new era is about high speed, better Bit Error rate, better receive reception and all these needs are not able to fulfill by single patch and hence one of solution is to use MIMO antenna technique but mutual coupling is the area which requires improvement. In this paper we use RT DUROID 5880 as a substrate for the proposed antenna and we tend to reduce the problem of mutual coupling with the assistance of proposed decoupling element which reduces the mutual coupling by 34.61dB. The center frequencies of these antennas are around 37.5 GHz.

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Microstrip MIMO antenna, SISO, MIMO, decoupling element, resonator, microstrip patch antenna, RT Duroid 5880.

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In India, almost 73% of the population lives in rural areas with agriculture being the major source of their income. The economy of nation mainly depends on living standards of rural folk. A micro entrepreneur utilizes the limited capital in resourceful way to improve the earnings and declining expenditures. The small scale ventures play a considerable responsibility in progress of state. MSMEs (Micro, Small, Medium, Enterprise) in India encounter many obstacles due to the inadequate funds from banks, inefficient technologies, marketing hurdles (problems) as well as non-availability of suitable human resource. The major aim of the study was to investigate the problems, success and satisfaction of micro-entrepreneurs in Nargund taluk of Gadag district. The respondents opined that the major motive was to earn better revenue. The objectives were to find out the problems faced by the micro entrepreneurs in Nargund taluk of Gadag district; assess the major source of capital of micro enterprise; know the measures taken by entrepreneurs for competition in business. Sample size was 100 micro entrepreneurs in Nargund taluk, purposive random technique was used to select the samples while data was collected using a structured interview schedule. From the present research it was discovered that, majority of the respondents lived in nuclear families where most of them were cut fruit vendors, chat vendors and fried snacks vendors. It was clear that ease of management of the trade was the prominent reason to opt for the particular business.

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Micro entrepreneurs, purchasing power, lack of financial stability, economic development.

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