Volume 14 | Issue 2

 Abstract

This research paper explores the multifaceted impact of animation on society and culture. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical trends, technological advancements, and cultural influences, the paper examines how animation shapes societal perceptions, cultural values, and collective identity. By exploring diverse examples from film, television, and digital media, the paper aims to elucidate the profound ways in which animation influences social norms, cultural practices, and artistic expression, ultimately contributing to the rich tapestry of global culture.

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 Keywords

Animation, Society, Culture, Storytelling, Artistic expression, Social norms, Cultural identity

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The animation industry is undergoing rapid evolution driven by technological advancements, changing consumer preferences, and globalization. The evolution of animation and visual effects technologies has significantly influenced global production trends and contributed to the digitalization of cinema between 1990 and 2020 [1] This research paper examines the challenges facing the animation industry and explores potential future directions for innovation and growth. Key challenges include technological limitations, creative hurdles, industry dynamics, talent acquisition, and cultural diversity. Future directions encompass emerging technologies like virtual reality and artificial intelligence, as well as evolving trends in animation styles, distribution platforms, and ethical considerations. By addressing these challenges and embracing new opportunities, the animation industry can navigate towards a vibrant and sustainable future.

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Animation, challenges, future directions, technology, creativity, industry trends, innovation, globalization.

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This comprehensive research paper meticulously examines the trends shaping India's Animation & VFX industry, with a specific focus on the sub-concept of CGI. By dissecting elements crucial to the industry's development, the paper sheds light on the trajectory of Animation & VFX in India. It delves into the prevalence of VFX and 3D, predicting their dominance over AR & VR technologies in the future. The research outlines upcoming trends, projecting a notable growth in 2024. However, it doesn't shy away from addressing drawbacks, particularly in terms of realism within Indian Animation Industries, emphasizing the challenges associated with achieving photorealism in films. The paper provides insights into how VFX and 3D technologies are poised to lead the industry forward. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of specific software that has become integral to the Indian animation landscape, anticipating their sustained relevance. The research also introduces emerging software, instrumental in propelling the industry's growth. By synthesizing detailed information, this paper serves as a valuable resource for industry professionals, researchers, and policymakers invested in the trajectory of India's Animation & VFX sector.

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 Keywords

Animation, CGI, Animation Market, VFX.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) implies multiplication of pathogen in the urinary tract and presence of more than 105 organisms/ml of midstream of urine sample. UTI occurs due to entry of bacteria in the urinary tract via urethra to bladder and then multiplication in the tract. The most common cause of urinary tract infection is Gram negative bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriacae. Members of this family include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Proteus. Other causative agents of UTI are Gram positive organisms such as Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp and yeast like Candida. Urinary tract is among the most common sites of bacterial infection both in community based and hospitalized patients [5]. Despite rapid diagnosis and treatment there is reported 5% risk of long term damage owing to recurrence and consequent renal scarring with its complications. E. coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infection.

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STUDY OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN AND VIRULENCE FACTORS OF ISOLATED UROPATHOGENS

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Urban festivals in India, particularly Ganeshotsav, are celebrated with immense enthusiasm and grandeur. While culturally significant, these events also produce unprecedented levels of noise pollution through the use of amplified music systems, drums, and firecrackers. Such short-term but intense sound exposure not only disrupts human health but also affects urban wildlife, especially birds. This paper examines the ecological impact of festival-related noise pollution on bird behaviour in Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad. Using a combination of noise monitoring, bird surveys, and behavioural observations, this study explores how elevated sound levels influence avian vocalization, foraging activity, and vigilance. The findings highlight the acute disturbances caused by immersion-day celebrations and provide recommendations for balancing cultural practices with environmental sustainability.

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Noise pollution, Avian behaviour, Ganeshotsav, Acoustic Ecology.

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This study investigates the environmental and nutritional outcomes of organic farming based on an analysis of peer-reviewed research articles published between 2020 and 2024. Organic farming has been recognized globally as a sustainable agricultural practice that reduces environmental degradation and enhances food quality. Using secondary data and comparative analyses from published studies, the paper demonstrates that organic systems reduce pesticide residues, cadmium accumulation, and nutrient leaching while enhancing soil health, biodiversity, and crop nutrient content. Nutritionally, organically produced crops show higher levels of antioxidants, vitamin C, magnesium, and iron compared with conventional produce. While yields are often lower in organic systems, the long-term benefits for ecosystem health and human nutrition make organic farming a viable approach for sustainable development. The study concludes that policy support, farmer awareness, and consumer education are crucial to scale up organic practices and meet future food security challenges.

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Organic Farming, Nutrition, Environment, Sustainability, Agriculture

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Increasing air pollution demands effective and sustainable solutions. Plantation of indigenous and native small to medium-sized plants in highway medians offers a practical way to absorb particulate matter and gaseous pollutants, thereby improving roadside air quality. This review highlights suitable native species for highway medians across India's agro-climatic zones, emphasizing plant size and adaptability, along with limitations associated with median plantations. It also discusses the ecological impacts of planting non-indigenous species in such settings.

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Highway medians, Indigenous plants, Air purification, Pollution control, Small and medium trees, Limitations, Invasive species

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Environmental stressors such as climate change, pollution, and habitat degradation increasingly challenge Indian biodiversity. Epigenetic modifications - heritable changes in gene expression without DNA sequence alterations - offer a rapid mechanism by which organisms may respond to these pressures. This review synthesizes current knowledge on epigenetic responses to environmental stressors in Indian plants, animals, and microbes, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Evidence for transgenerational inheritance and ecological consequences of epigenetic memory is evaluated. The review highlights the ecological relevance of epigenetics in facilitating adaptation, transgenerational plasticity, and ecosystem resilience. Challenges and future research directions are discussed to integrate epigenetics into conservation strategies in India's rapidly changing environments.

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Animals, DNA Methylation, Ecology, Environmental Stress, Epigenetics, Heritability, Histone Modification, Microbes and Plants

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Climate change, Agriculture, Water resources, Biodiversity, Adaptation strategies

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Surfactant-polymer interactions play a significant role in numerous industrial, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications due to their ability to modify solution properties such as viscosity, solubilization, surface tension, and stability. When surfactants and polymers coexist in an aqueous medium, their association leads to the formation of complexes driven by hydrophobic, electrostatic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions. These interactions strongly influence micellization behavior, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and aggregation number of surfactants, while also altering the conformational and rheological properties of polymers. Such systems are extensively employed in detergency, enhanced oil recovery, cosmetics, drug delivery, food processing, and wastewater treatment. Understanding these interactions is essential for tailoring formulations with desired physicochemical properties and functional performance. Experimental techniques such as surface tension measurement, viscometry, spectroscopy, light scattering, and calorimetry are often employed to study the nature and strength of these interactions. This paper highlights the fundamental aspects of surfactant-polymer interaction, their thermodynamic implications, and the practical significance of such systems in modern applications.

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Surfactant, cmc, surface tension, Polymer

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The Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, which has experienced a long history of serious agricultural problems, is changing toward a model for sustainable development -- specifically through the production of mulberry (Bombyx mori) and tasar (Antheraea mylitta) silks. The research contained in this document identifies gender-based labor models within both silk-producing regions of the Amravati and Nagpur divisions. This was accomplished using primary data gathered from the Central Silk Board (CSB) and the PLFS 2023 - 2024 surveys. Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA or OLS) and Chi-Square analyses were performed on these data to identify the manner in which labor is distributed into tasks and how those tasks influence larval survival. Data show that women are responsible for over seventy percent of all labor per unit of land area in the Amravati and Nagpur division and, therefore, most directly engaged in the high-precision "care" activities necessary to buffer the effects of extreme temperatures in the region. However, despite their significant contribution, women are often classified as unpaid family labor. In this paper, we assess the financial feasibility of developing an enterprise in Amravati and Nagpur, and find that there is a margin of safety of 89.03%. We also align our results with the policy outlined in the Maharashtra Integrated and Sustainable Textile Policy 2023 - 2028 and suggest that changes to state policies should be made to formally recognize the contributions of women in the silk industry.

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Bombyx mori, Sericulture, Gender-Stratified Labor, Vidarbha, Larval Resilience.

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Vidyarthion ke jivan mein badtha internet ka prabhav

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Vidyarthion ke jivan mein badtha internet ka prabhav

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शोध सारांश: प्रेमचंद हिंदी साहित्य के उन महान कथाकारों में से हैं जिन्होंने अपने कथा साहित्य के माध्यम से भारतीय समाज के यथार्थ, सामाजिक समस्याओं और नैतिक मूल्यों को अत्यंत प्रभावशाली ढंग से प्रस्तुत किया है। उनकी कहानियाँ केवल साहित्यिक रचनाएँ नहीं हैं, बल्कि समाज के लिए एक वैचारिक और नैतिक मार्गदर्शन भी प्रदान करती हैं। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य प्रेमचंद की कहानियों में सामाजिक परिवर्तन, नैतिक जागरूकता और सामाजिक सुधार की भावना का विश्लेषण करना है। प्रेमचंद ने अपने साहित्य में ग्रामीण जीवन, वर्ग संघर्ष, आर्थिक असमानता, जातिगत भेदभाव, स्त्री की स्थिति, गरीबी और शोषण जैसी समस्याओं को यथार्थवादी दृष्टि से चित्रित किया है। ‘नमक का दरोगा’, ‘पंच परमेश्वर’, ‘ईदगाह’, ‘पूस की रात’, ‘ठाकुर का कुआँ’ और ‘सद्गति’ जैसी कहानियों के माध्यम से उन्होंने यह स्पष्ट किया कि समाज में वास्तविक परिवर्तन केवल बाहरी व्यवस्था से नहीं, बल्कि मनुष्य के भीतर नैतिक चेतना और मानवीय मूल्यों के विकास से संभव है। प्रेमचंद के साहित्य में मानवता, न्याय, समानता और करुणा जैसे मूल्यों को विशेष महत्व दिया गया है। इस प्रकार उनकी कहानियाँ सामाजिक यथार्थ और आदर्शवाद का समन्वय प्रस्तुत करते हुए समाज को नैतिक और मानवीय दिशा प्रदान करती हैं तथा सामाजिक सुधार और जागरूकता के लिए प्रेरित करती हैं।

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मुख्य शब्द: प्रेमचंद, सामाजिक, नैतिक, परिवर्तन, नमक का दरोगा, पंच परमेश्वर, ईदगाह, पूस की रात, ठाकुर का कुआँ और सद्गति

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Ocean governance has become increasingly significant in the contemporary world due to growing pressures on marine ecosystems and the expanding utilization of ocean resources. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 represents the most comprehensive international legal framework governing maritime activities and the management of ocean resources. This paper examines the development, structure, and significance of UNCLOS in shaping modern ocean governance. It analyses the historical evolution of the Convention, its principal provisions, and its role in regulating maritime boundaries, resource exploitation, environmental protection, and dispute settlement. The study also highlights contemporary challenges such as maritime conflicts, illegal fishing, climate change, and deep-sea mining, which test the effectiveness of the UNCLOS framework. By evaluating these issues, the paper underscores the continuing relevance of UNCLOS as a foundational instrument for promoting international cooperation, sustainable marine resource management, and peaceful use of the oceans.

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UNCLOS 1982, Ocean Governance, Maritime Law, Marine Sustainability, International Maritime Regulation

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Abstract Persian language and literature, with a history spanning more than a millennium, occupy a distinguished position not only in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan but also in the Indian subcontinent and parts of the Turkic world. Within this rich literary tradition, women have played a dual role: as subjects represented in literary texts and as authors who have actively shaped the development of Persian literature. This paper examines women's contributions to Persian language and literature from the classical to the modern period. It explores their poetic and prose works, the representation of women in literary texts, the social and cultural challenges they faced, and the transformation of female literary expression in the modern era.

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8826521826

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The impact of life skills training on teaching and learning practices among teacher candidates was investigated in this study, with a focus on evaluating life skills changes before and after the intervention and examining how they relate to particular demographic traits. Using a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with no control group, 153 teacher trainees enrolled in pre-service teacher education programs were included. A standardized Life Skills Questionnaire with 30 items covering six core domains--self-awareness, empathy, creative and critical thinking, decision-making, and stress management--was used to collect the data. The intervention included planned training sessions with the goal of enhancing classroom management, communication, problem-solving, and decision-making skills through interactive and experiential methods. ANOVA, paired t-tests, and descriptive statistics were used in statistical analyses to assess demographic correlations and mean differences; significance was set at p < 0.05. The overall life skills score increased significantly from 113.29 in the pre-test to 129.26 in the post-test (t = -8.863, p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of the life skills training. After the intervention, the majority of participants (94.1%) moved into the high life skills group, and the improvement of life skills was strongly correlated with both gender and the medium of instruction. The study emphasizes how important it is to incorporate life skills instruction into teacher preparation programs in order to develop reflective, sensitive, and flexible teachers. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 states that in order to improve lifetime learning and comprehensive professional development, life skills training should be incorporated into pre-service and in-service teacher education programs.

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Pedagogical approaches, life skills education, teacher candidates and life skills.

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This paper explores the complex intersections of gender, sexuality and homo-nationalism in Indian English fiction through a critical analysis of Arundhati Roy's "The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017)". Engaging with queer theoretical frameworks, particularly Judith Butler's notion of gender performativity and Jasbir Puar's concept of homo-nationalism, the study examines how the Indian nation-state selectivity incorporates certain queer identities to project an image of progressiveness while continuing to marginalize others who do not conform to dominant cultural, religious and political norms.

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Gender, Sexuality, Homo-Nationalism, Indian English fiction, Queer Theory)

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Women's are the wealth of the world. She is working equally to that of men in all the fields, subjected to various injustices and inequalities at every stage of work life. However, another reality of Indian society is that over the past few years, the issue of women's safety has become a prime focus of public attention and concern as there is fear of sexual violence against them. Sexual harassment at workplace has been recognized as a violation of human rights and it is considered as a crime which violates the dignity and respect of a women. It is yet another form of violence reflecting patriarchal mind sets and gender based discrimination that women experience at work. It reduces the quality of working life, jeopardizes the well-being of women. Sexual harassment which was otherwise invisible menace until quite recently, has now become a major social problem with the widespread entry of women as a work force. Supreme Court decided several landmark cases that set forth new and broader standards for holding employers liable when management-level employees engage in conduct that creates a hostile environment for women subordinates. Meanwhile 'The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013' was enacted to overcome this problem. But, most Indian employers have not implemented the law despite the legal requirement that any workplace with more than 10 employees need to implement it. The government has threatened to take stern action against employers who fail to comply with this law. Hence it is focused that employers must ensure that their workplace harassment prevention policies and all other policies are up-to-date and are effectively communicated to each employee. The policy should clearly define what constitutes harassing behaviour, and the employer should reinforce a zero-tolerance response and outline the range of disciplinary consequences for harassers.

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ENSURING GENDER - SAFE WORKPLACES: THE ROLE AND LIABILITY OF EMPLOYER

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EDM has become an important and cost-effective method of machining extremely tough and brittle electrically conductive materials. It is widely used in the process of making mould/dies, automobile and electronics industries where intricate complex shapes need to be machined in very hard materials. The work piece material selected in this experiment is AISI 304 Stainless steel taking into account its wide usage in industrial applications and it is very difficult to machine by conventional machining. The tool material selected in this experiment is copper based on the good electrical conductivity compared to other tool materials like brass, tellurium copper and graphite. In this work, the influence of variable process parameters such as pulse current, pulse on time, pulse off time, open circuit voltage, gap distance and machining time over performance characteristics like material removal rate, tool wear rate, and different aspects of surface integrity for AISI 304. Stainless steel such as topography of machined surface, crack formation will be investigated. The variations of material removal rate, tool wear rate versus input machining parameters will be optimized by using Response Surface Methodology which allows us to get best output characteristics.

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EDM, TWR, MRR, Stainless steel, Copper

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The rapid growth of digital payment systems has led to a significant increase in credit card fraud, creating serious financial and security challenges. This study proposes a machine learning-based framework for detecting fraudulent transactions using historical transaction data. The approach emphasizes data preprocessing, feature engineering, and handling class imbalance to improve detection accuracy. Multiple supervised learning models, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost, are implemented and evaluated using precision, recall, and F1-score. Experimental results show that ensemble methods, particularly Random Forest and XGBoost, provide superior performance for fraud detection under highly imbalanced conditions. The proposed framework enhances real-time transaction monitoring and helps reduce financial losses.

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Credit Card Fraud Detection, Machine Learning, Random Forest, XGBoost, Imbalanced Data, Anomaly Detection, Financial Fraud, Supervised Learning

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