Volume 14 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Adolescence represents a critical developmental phase characterized by rapid physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes. In the Indian educational system, this period coincides with intense academic pressure driven by competitive examinations, parental expectations, and future career concerns. As a result, a growing number of school students experience stress, anxiety, emotional exhaustion, and declining motivation toward learning. Although sports and physical activities are formally included in school curricula, they are often undervalued when compared to academic instruction. This imbalance raises concerns about students' holistic development and long-term well-being. This study investigates the role of sports participation in improving academic achievement, mental well-being, and classroom engagement among CBSE school students (Adani Vidya Mandir, Ahmedabad) from Classes VI to XII. A mixed-method research design was used, involving a structured 30-item student questionnaire, analysis of academic records, and teacher observations. The study draws on principles from cognitive science, educational psychology, and neuroscience, which explain how physical activity enhances brain function, emotional regulation, and learning capacity. The findings show that students who regularly participate in sports demonstrate lower stress levels, higher self-confidence, improved concentration, better peer relationships, and more positive academic behaviours. These students also show greater classroom attentiveness, improved time management, and higher motivation toward learning compared to students with minimal physical activity. The study concludes that sports are not merely extracurricular activities but a powerful educational tool that supports both academic success and student well-being. Integrating structured and regular sports programs into the daily routine of CBSE schools can strengthen students' mental resilience, improve learning outcomes, and promote holistic development, in alignment with the objectives of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and CBSE's focus on competency-based education.

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Sports, Boosting, Academic performance and well being

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Abstract: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of clutch hold method among Postnatal cesarean mothers admitted in obstetrics units of selected hospital at Gorakhpur. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental non-randomized control group design was used. Sixty participants with Postnatal cesarean mothers (30 in the experimental group, 30 in the control group) were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection involved a demographic proforma and the Likert scale to assess comfort levels before and after the intervention. The experimental group received Clutch hold method of breast feeding 3 days, while the control group received routine care. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed a significant improvement in comfort level the experimental group after the clutch hold method of breastfeeding, with a mean post-test pain score of 36.83 (SD 737.96). The control group's comfort level remained largely unchanged (mean pre-test 13.6, post-test 14.6). A significant association was also found between post-test comfort level and selected demographic variables. The study concludes that clutch hold method of breastfeeding is an effective intervention for improving comfort level. Index Terms - Assess, Effectiveness, clutch hold method cesarean section, postnatal mother, breastfeeding, comfort level, hospital.

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Index Terms - Assess, Effectiveness, clutch hold method cesarean section, postnatal mother, breastfeeding, comfort level, hospital.

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Biology plays a vital role in the contemporary education system worldwide by helping learners understand life processes, health, environment, and biodiversity. It fosters scientific thinking and equips students to address global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and sustainable development. This research paper presents an exhaustive comparative analysis of upper secondary (Grades 11-12) Biology curricula across five distinct educational jurisdictions: the United States (emphasizing Next Generation Science Standards), the United Kingdom (England's A-Level framework), Japan (MEXT Course of Study), Finland (National Core Curriculum), and India (examining CBSE, NIOS, and State Board integrations). Utilizing a multi-dimensional theoretical framework grounded in social realism and didactic transformation, this study interrogates key criteria such as governing bodies, credit divisions, practical and theoretical weightage, assessment architectures, and interdisciplinary approaches etc. The analysis synthesizes data from official curriculum documents (NCERT, CBSE, MEXT, OFQUAL) and academic literature to reveal a global dichotomy between "Curriculum traditions" prioritizing content mastery and "Didactic traditions" emphasizing student-content interaction (Gericke et al., 2025). The research findings highlight significant disparities in the treatment of inquiry-based learning, with India maintaining high-stakes, content-dense models, while Finland and the USA move toward competency-based, modular structures. The report concludes with a data-driven strategic roadmap for the enrichment of India's biology curriculum, advocating for structural reforms aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 to foster scientific temper and global competitiveness.

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Comparative analysis, Senior Secondary Biology, Curriculum Design, Assessment Policy, Scientific Literacy, Powerful Knowledge, NEP 2020, NGSS, IB Diploma, A-Levels, MEXT Japan.

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A quasi-experimental study (non-randomized control group pre-post-test design) was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of deep breathing exercises among children undergoing nebulisation therapy .The study include 60 samples of patients who were selected by purposive sampling technique. Respiratory assessment score and bio-physiological parameters are method used for data collection procedure. Experimental group received intervention of deep breathing exercises for 15-25 minutes a day. With regard to age, 9(30%) in experimental group and 10(33.3%) in control group belongs to the age group of 5-8 years and 9(30%) in experimental group and 9(30%) in control group belonged to the age group of above 8 years. Considering the gender, 17 (56.6%) subjects in the experimental group and 14(46.6%) in the control group were females and the remaining were males. For experimental group - breathing exercises were given for 10-15 minutes. For control group - nebulisation given to children thrice a day for 4 weeks. Mean, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson's chi-square test is used for statistical analysis. Regarding bio physiological parameter, the reduction is statistically significant (p=0.001***) in both groups. Thus, the author concludes that improvement in respiratory status seen in children who receive breathing exercises and nebulisation simultaneously. Thus, children with respiratory diseases will benefit from the intervention in improving their respiratory status by doing breathing exercises.

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Assess, Effectiveness, Deep Breathing Exercises, Nebulisation therapy.

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Emergency powers are a paradox in the constitution where the power of democratic federations is momentarily centralized, to save the state, and at the expense of the very freedoms they are supposed to defend. The current comparative analysis of the constitutional system regulating emergency powers in India, the United States and Germany compares the historical development of laws, the legal mechanism, judicial control, and practice of these laws. The analysis of the doctrines and the comparative approach to examine the topic shows that there are major differences between the explicit and quite often invoked emergency provisions in India and the implicit emergency doctrine of the USA and the model of the restrictive defensive democracy used in Germany. The research shows that the constitutional design, the past experience of authoritarianism, and the effectiveness of the judicial review play a pivotal role in determining whether the emergency powers are used as the protective means or as the means of constitutional undermining. Such results have a place in constitutional theory because it sheds light on how federal regimes strike between crisis management and democratic preservation as a guide to constitutional drafters in new democracies struggling with balancing the state security and civil liberties.

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Emergency Powers, Federal Constitutions, Comparative Constitutional Law, Judicial Review, Civil Liberties

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Introduction A descriptive study to assess the assertive behaviour and self esteem of staff nurses in selected hospital in the city and to develop and disseminate an informational booklet regarding assertive behaviour. Objectives: To assess the assertive behaviour of staff nurses; to assess the self esteem of staff nurses; to associate the assertive behaviour of staff nurses with selected demographic variables; to associate the self esteem of staff nurses with selected demographic variables; to correlate assertive behaviour and self esteem and to develop and disseminate an informational booklet regarding assertive behaviour. Method: A non-experimental descriptive design was used to assess knowledge of 100 staff nurses. The participants were selected by using a non probability convenient sampling technique. The structured questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge of staff nurses. Results: It was found that most of the staff nurses 45(45%) were having assertive behaviour, 29(29%) of them were probably aggressive, 20(20%) were somewhat assertive behavior, 6(6%) were situationally non assertive, and none of the samples were very non assertive behavior. All of the staff nurses 100(100%) were having self esteem score "within normal range". It was also found that there was no significant association of assertive behavior with selected demographic variables, also there was no significant association of self esteem with selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the staff nurses 45(45%) were having assertive behaviour, 29(29%) of them were probably aggressive, 20(20%) were somewhat assertive behavior, 6(6%) were situationally non assertive, and none of the samples were very non assertive behavior. All of the staff nurses 100(100%) were having self esteem score "within normal range".

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Assertiveness, Self -esteem, Nurses

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The Indian automobile sector is one of the largest and most dynamic industries in the country, playing a crucial role in economic growth, employment generation, and industrial development. This paper examines the performance of the Indian automobile industry with a focus on three key dimensions: production, domestic sales, and exports. It analyses recent trends across different vehicle segments, including passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, two-wheelers, and three-wheelers. The study highlights the impact of factors such as rising income levels, urbanization, government initiatives, technological advancements, and increasing global demand on the sector's growth. Furthermore, the paper discusses India's emergence as a global manufacturing and export hub for automobiles. The findings indicate that despite cyclical challenges, the Indian automobile sector continues to demonstrate strong growth potential, supported by a large domestic market and expanding export opportunities.

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Indian automobile sector; vehicle production; domestic sales; automobile exports; economic growth; manufacturing industry

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Depression is a common and serious mental health disorder that affects emotional well-being, physical health, and daily functioning. It is characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and cognitive and physical symptoms that interfere with normal life. Depression affects people of all ages and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. The condition arises from a complex interaction of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. If untreated, depression can result in severe complications, including chronic illness, functional disability, and suicide. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of depression, including its definition, prevalence, types, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features across different age groups, risk factors, complications, prevention strategies, and the role of the PHQ-9 scale in assessment and diagnosis.

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Depression, mental disorder, prevalence, pathophysiology, PHQ-9, risk factors

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In the context of eco-friendly products and green efforts, cause-related marketing (CRM) has become a key strategic instrument that connects consumer purchasing behaviour with business social responsibility. The current study aims to identify the awareness and attitude of youth towards green consumables, along with identifying the most preferred causes, taking into consideration, while making such a choice. The results show that customers have a comparatively high awareness of eco-friendly items and a strong preference for companies that actively promote environmental reasons. Particularly among Gen Z and teenagers, consumers exhibit increased awareness of environmental issues and favourable attitudes toward cause-related marketing campaigns. This group exhibits a greater inclination for goods that support social issues, sustainability, and environmental preservation, suggesting that cause-related weighting is a significant factor if its associates with child education and women's welfare, mostly in influencing their purchasing decisions.

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cause-related marketing, awareness, attitude, Gen Z, child education, women's welfare etc.

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This study investigates the status of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting practices among companies listed on the Nifty 50 index. As sustainability and responsible corporate behavior gain prominence globally, Indian companies are increasingly integrating ESG considerations into their business strategies and disclosure frameworks. The research aims to assess the extent of ESG reporting, evaluate adherence to global sustainability standards, and identify the challenges faced by Nifty 50 firms in achieving comprehensive and transparent disclosures. Using secondary data from company reports, sustainability disclosures, and regulatory filings, the study provides an analytical overview of emerging trends in ESG reporting. Findings highlight varying levels of ESG integration, with some firms adopting global frameworks such as GRI and BRSR, while others exhibit limited or inconsistent reporting practices. The study underscores the growing importance of ESG transparency in enhancing corporate reputation, investor confidence, and long-term value creation, offering insights for policymakers, regulators, and business leaders in strengthening India's sustainability landscape.

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ESG Reporting, Nifty 50 Companies, Corporate Governance, Responsible Business Practices, Sustainable Development.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing modern healthcare by enhancing disease diagnosis and supporting the advancement of personalized medicine. This review discusses the application of AI-based technologies, particularly machine learning and deep learning, in the analysis of complex medical data such as clinical records, medical imaging, and genomic information. These approaches improve diagnostic precision, facilitate early disease detection, and assist healthcare professionals in making timely and accurate clinical decisions. AI-driven techniques have demonstrated notable success in cancer diagnosis, especially in skin cancer, through automated image processing and pattern recognition methods. Furthermore, AI-enabled personalized medicine allows treatment strategies to be customized according to individual genetic profiles, biomarkers, lifestyle factors, and disease characteristics, thereby reducing unnecessary interventions and treatment-related adverse effects. Although challenges related to data quality, ethical concerns, and clinical implementation persist, ongoing research and technological progress are expected to overcome these limitations. Overall, AI has strong potential to reshape healthcare by enabling more accurate diagnosis and patient-specific therapeutic approaches.

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Artificial intelligence, Disease Diagnosis, Skin Cancer, Machine Learning, Deep learning, Personalized Medicine

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Background: Polyarthralgia in the context of febrile illnesses is frequently encountered in clinical practice and is prominent in post-infective states. Ayurveda describes Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), honored as "Am?ta," as a premier Ras?yana with Jvaraghna, Shothahara, and Ved?n?sth?pana actions. Classical attributes--Tikta-Ka??ya rasa, Laghu-Snigdha gu?a, U??a v?rya, and Madhura vip?ka--suggest a rationale for its use in fever-associated joint pain that often has an ?ma component. Objective: To clinically evaluate the utility of Guduchi administered as Sa??aman? Va?i in relieving polyarthralgia associated with febrile conditions, while grounding the rationale, posology, and assessments in Ayurvedic textual principles. Methods: A pragmatic case-series of five adult patients with fever and concomitant polyarthralgia received Sa??aman? Va?i (two tablets, three times daily) for five days with u??a jala as anup?na. Outcomes were tracked daily using patient-reported pain (0-10 VAS), morning stiffness minutes, painful joint count, fever log, and an ?yurvedic ?ma-Agni symptom scale. Dietary and behavioral pathy?-apathy? were counseled per classics. No modern journal data were used to frame the rationale; all interpretive frameworks reference classical Ayurveda. Results: All patients reported 75-80% improvement in global joint pain by day 5, with concordant reductions in stiffness, painful joint counts, and resolution of fever. Appetite, lightness, and sleep improved in parallel, suggesting favorable shifts in Agni and Do?a-?ma status. No adverse effects were recorded. Conclusion: Within the Ayurvedic paradigm, Guduchi--administered as Sa??aman? Va?i--appears to be a safe, fast-acting, and systemically supportive intervention for febrile polyarthralgia, likely via Deepana-P?cana, Jvaraghna, V?ta-Kapha ?amana, Shothahara, and Ras?yana effects. The present case-series, while limited in size and duration, aligns closely with classical descriptions and supports further controlled exploration.

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Guduchi; Tinospora cordifolia; Sa??aman? Va?i; Polyarthralgia; Jvara; ?ma; Ras?yana; Ved?n?sth?pana; Ayurveda

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Background: Kleda is the functional fluid component of the body responsible for maintaining Snigdhata, Mardavata, and Picchilata of tissues and for supporting normal Dhatu Poshana and Srotasa Pravahana. Its pathological state, Vikrita Kleda, leads to abnormal fluid accumulation and plays a central role in the Samprapti of Sotha, a Kleda-pradhana Vyadhi characterized by Utseda due to Tridosha Prakopa and Rasavaha Srotas Dushti. Despite its importance, Kleda has largely remained a conceptual entity with limited objective evaluation. Aim: To establish Sothagata Vikrita Kleda as an etiopathological entity and to study its correlation with laboratory parameters in Sotha. Materials and Methods: This observational study included 100 patients (20 each of Prameha, Sthoulya, Sotha, Kustha, and Vrana). Vikrita Kleda was assessed using classical Lakshanas along with laboratory investigations including inflammatory markers, renal function tests, metabolic parameters, and protein status. Results: Sotha patients showed the highest expression of Vikrita Kleda, with Utseda (100%), Anga Vivarnata (95%), Gaurava (90%), and Anavasthita Sotha and Ushma (85%). Laboratory findings revealed raised ESR (70%), CRP (60%), renal and metabolic derangements, hypoproteinemia (50%), and hypoalbuminemia (40%), indicating impaired Kleda Nishkramana and Dhatu Kshaya. Conclusion: The study provides objective evidence that Sothagata Vikrita Kleda is a measurable and clinically significant pathological state.

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Sotha, Sothagata Vikrita Kleda, Kleda, , ESR, CRP, Oedema

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A detailed and accurate evaluation of brain tumors from medical images is a requirement in modern medical care because early detection has a powerful impact on treatment outcomes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is common for the investigation of brain disorders, but it is labour intensive and reliant on interpretive experience to read scans with expert observers. This paper develops NeuroAI, an automated system for detecting brain tumor anomalies that makes use of deep learning-based object detection to analyse MRI scans. The proposed model utilizes YOLOv8 to localize tumor sites and subcategorize tumor types such as meningioma, glioma, pituitary tumors and non-tumor cases. ARG, or Retrieval Augmented Generation, provides contextual medical explanations for the types of tumors that were observed and makes the system more readable. The model is trained and assessed using MRI scans from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). It also includes confidence levels and IoU values to balance the sensitivity and detection accuracy. Observations have shown that the system reliably detects and classifies brain tumors, which indicates that this system can function as a conduit for clinical decision-making and medical education.

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Brain Tumor Detection, MRI Analysis, YOLOv8, Deep Learning, Object Detection, Anomaly Detection, Medical Artificial Intelligence

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The arrival of Portuguese explorers in India in the late 15th century marked a turning point in the country's history, bringing with it not only a new chapter of trade and colonization but also profound religious changes. One of the most significant aspects of the Portuguese presence in India was the introduction of Christianity. The Portuguese were driven by a strong desire to spread Christianity to distant lands. The Catholic Church, closely intertwined with the Portuguese monarchy, provided both moral and financial support for their religious endeavors. This zeal to convert the indigenous population often clashed with the existing religious diversity in India. While religious motivations were central, economic interests and colonial ambitions played a significant role in the Portuguese presence in India. The establishment of trading posts and control over key ports gave them an economic advantage, but these ambitions frequently conflicted with the religious practices and beliefs of the local population. The clash between European Christianity and indigenous religious beliefs was inevitable. The Portuguese viewed the local practices as pagan and idolatrous, leading to misunderstandings and tensions. The rich tapestry of Indian spirituality, with its diverse pantheon of gods and rituals, contrasted sharply with the monotheistic tenets of Christianity. This article delves into the historical context, methods of propagation, impact on indigenous beliefs, cultural exchange, and the enduring legacy of Christianity's introduction by the Portuguese.

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Christianity, Religion, Europeans.

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Secure Vision AI addresses the growing challenge of detecting violent and suspicious activities in video surveillance systems. Traditional monitoring methods rely heavily on human observation, which often leads to delayed responses and missed incidents. This work presents a deep learning-based real-time violence detection framework that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for spatial feature extraction with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for temporal analysis. Live video streams are processed, pre-processed, and analyzed to identify violent actions with high accuracy. The system generates instant alerts and securely stores detection results using Supa base for future analysis. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the hybrid CNN-LSTM model outperforms individual models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, making it suitable for real-time surveillance applications.

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Secure Vision AI, Violence Detection, CNN, LSTM, Deep Learning, Real-Time Surveillance, Computer Vision

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Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a revolutionary construction material characterized by compressive strengths exceeding 150 MPa and exceptional durability. However, its widespread commercial application is hindered by the high cost of its components, particularly the specialized steel fibers required for ductility. This research explores a sustainable and cost-effective alternative: the use of macro fibers recycled from waste glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites, derived from decommissioned wind turbine blades. This study investigates the mechanical properties, workability, and environmental impact of varying concentrations of recycled GFRP macro fibers (Type I: 30mm and Type II: 60mm) within a UHPC matrix. Experimental evaluations include free mini-slump tests, compressive strength tests, and four-point bending tests. Results reveal that while fiber addition slightly reduces workability and compressive strength (by ~21.8%), it yields a 1.5-fold increase in flexural strength and a remarkable 46.9-fold increase in toughness compared to plain UHPC. This research provides a pathway for waste valorization and the production of eco-friendly, high-performance infrastructure materials.

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UHPC, Recycled GFRP, Sustainable Construction, Waste Valorization, Flexural Toughness, Wind Turbine Waste, Circular Economy

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Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges, reshaping ecosystems, livelihoods and patterns of human survival, particularly in vulnerable coastal regions. Literary representations of climate-affected spaces offer critical insights into how communities negotiate environmental uncertainty and adaptation. This paper examines Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide (2004) through the conceptual framework of climate change adaptation, arguing that the novel anticipates contemporary climate discourse by portraying adaptive survival strategies in a fragile, climate-sensitive ecosystem. Set in the Sundarbans, a deltaic region increasingly vulnerable to rising sea levels, cyclones and ecological instability, the novel presents adaptation not as a technological solution but as a lived, cultural and ethical practice. Drawing on ecocritical and postcolonial methodologies, this study explores how marginalized communities adapt to environmental uncertainty through indigenous knowledge, mobility and negotiated coexistence with non-human forces. The paper also critiques state-led conservation and development models that fail to account for climate vulnerability and social justice. By foregrounding human-animal conflict, displacement and ecological precarity, The Hungry Tide reveals how climate change disproportionately affects the poor while privileging institutional power. The paper argues that Ghosh's narrative reframes adaptation as an ethical process rooted in humility, resilience and interdependence rather than control. In doing so, the novel emerges as an important literary intervention that deepens our understanding of climate adaptation in postcolonial contexts, where environmental change intersects with historical marginalization and political exclusion.

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Climate Change Adaptation, Eco-literature, Sundarbans, Postcolonial Ecocriticism and Environmental Vulnerability.

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This project is focused on enhancing bike security, addressing common issues associated with traditional key lock mechanisms, such as key loss or duplication, which can increase the risk of bike theft. To combat these challenges, we have developed a "smart bike" system that provides next-level security using a fingerprint sensor. Users can easily start the bike by scanning their fingerprints, with the system capable of storing up to 127 fingerprint images. If a recognized fingerprint is scanned, the bike will power on; conversely, an incorrect scan will activate a buzzer and send an alert to the bike owner, indicating unauthorized access attempts.

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Smart Bike System, Intelligent Vehicle Access, Multi-Level Security System, Unauthorized Access Prevention, Real-Time Emergency Communication.

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This paper focuses on the various ethnic identities in North East India as well as the emergence of socio-religious movement where politically they have to campaign and fight for their land, language, culture and so on. With the existence of diverse culture and plurality in nature culturally and geographically, the people in North East face several challenges and are in desperate need for their revival and progress of their own identities. They face the threat from the dominant of the plain tribes and religion which could become a threat to their ancestral identities.

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Zeliangrong Heraka, Seng Khasi, Meitei, Indianness, ethnicity, Hinduisation, sanskritisation.

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