Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

India has enshrined in its constitution a federal form of governance in these form the relation between center and state are very crucial for the effective functioning of the system it has adopted for its governance. The federal form requires a sound and healthy relation between the center and the state with respect to many aspect of relations especially with respect to fiscal relations.Finance form basis for strong governance and functioning of a country if it is not sound then the effect it going to have on the other aspects are going to very destructive. So the issues in it have to identified and addressed. Issues such as autonomy of the state, vertical and horizontal disparity. This paper tries to analyze the above mentioned issues, the aspects related to it and try to provide suggestions to address the issue.

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Fiscal autonomy, aides of central to states and fiscal relations

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This paper intends to highlight how the themes and the female characters are treated in the post 50s drama. And for this purpose I have selected two well known plays - The Birthday Party and The Room written by one of the most influential post 50s writers i.e. Harold Pinter. The drama The Room was written in 1957 and in the same year he published his masterpiece The Birthday Party. Harold Pinter began to write after experiencing the huge loss of life and property caused by the two destructive World Wars. These World Wars have such huge impact on lives that it seems as if the people were living meaninglessly. Their existence in the world is meaningless. In such a circumstance no one can expect a comedy of the Elizabethan Age or the Restoration Age where the basic purpose of comedy was to create laughter to the audience. But when the situation is changed, the theme as well as the purpose of it also has to be changed. And therefore Harold Pinter has introduced new themes to uphold the condition of the post 50s people.

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Comedy, Fear, Female Characters, Human condition, Violence.

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This study investigates the effectiveness of the Right to Information (RTI) Act in combating corruption in India. Enacted in October 2005 to promote transparency and good governance, the RTI Act has been found, through content analysis and in-depth interviews with bureaucrats and activists, to have successfully reduced information asymmetries and exposed corruption. The promulgation of the RTI Act has also led to increased responsiveness and accountability among public servants.

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Right to Information Act, Transparency, Information Asymmetries, Corruption

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To get rid of certain drawbacks of traditional formulations, considerable attention has been paid to lipid-based drug delivery systems in recent years. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nano-structured lipid carriers (NLCs) are promising delivery systems among these because of their ease of manufacturing processes, ability to scale up, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of formulation constituents, as well as a number of additional benefits that may be related to a particular route of administration or the nature of the materials that are to be loaded onto these delivery systems. The use of many Nano-structured technologies for ocular medication delivery has shown some encouraging outcomes. During the 1990s, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been investigated as possible drug delivery systems. Due to the fact that SLNs are made from physiological lipids, they do not exhibit bio toxicity. Since they may increase drug absorption via the cornea and increase the bioavailability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic medicines in the eye, SLNs are particularly helpful in the delivery of drugs to the eye. Another advantages of SLNs is that they allow autoclave sterilization, which is required before creating ocular preparations. This review outlines anatomy and physiology of eye, challenges in ocular drug deliver, brief overview about SLN with their application in common ocular diseases, future perspective of ocular drug delivery.

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Solid Lipid Nanoparticle, Ocular Drug Delivery, Nano-particle, Nano structural Lipid Carrier

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Under the vast Indian sky, where the rhythm of seasons dictates the farmer's dance with the land, a new melody is emerging. It's a symphony of interconnected sensors, automated systems, and data-driven insights, orchestrated by the Internet of Things (IoT). This transformative technology promises to uplift the moderate conditions of millions of farmers, addressing the age-old challenges that have long plagued Indian agriculture. Imagine fields where soil sensors whisper secrets of nutrient deficiencies, their data relayed to smartphones, empowering farmers to make precise fertilizer decisions. Envision water stress woes fading away as smart irrigation systems, guided by real-time weather data, deliver life-giving drops directly to thirsty roots, optimizing water usage and maximizing yields. Picture crops flourishing under the watchful eye of IoT-powered drones, their high-resolution images revealing pest infestations or diseases before they can wreak havoc. This is not a futuristic fantasy, but the very real potential that diverse IoT gadgets hold for Indian agriculture. These marvels of technology go beyond mere data collection. They are instruments of empowerment, equipping farmers with knowledge that was once out of reach. Real-time weather updates gleaned from connected weather stations help farmers prepare for impending storms or adjust sowing schedules based on changing precipitation patterns. Market price information streamed directly to their mobile devices allows them to navigate the complexities of fluctuating demand and secure better returns for their produce. The symphony extends beyond individual farms, connecting farmers to experts and agricultural communities through online platforms, fostering knowledge sharing and collaborative problem-solving. However, the adoption of this transformative technology is not without its challenges. Limited access to the internet, particularly in remote rural areas, can act as a roadblock. The initial cost of some gadgets might pose a hurdle for resource-constrained farmers. Overcoming these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach. Government initiatives like subsidizing IoT devices and establishing digital infrastructure in rural areas can play a crucial role. Collaborations between private companies, NGOs, and research institutions can develop affordable and accessible solutions tailored to the specific needs of Indian farmers. Educational programs can bridge the digital divide, empowering farmers to utilize these technologies effectively. The potential rewards, however, far outweigh the challenges. By embracing the diverse symphony of IoT gadgets, Indian agriculture can be catapulted into a new era of sustainability and prosperity. Imagine fields bursting with healthy crops, farmers armed with knowledge and empowered to make informed decisions, and a vibrant rural economy humming with renewed life. This is the future that awaits, a future where technology becomes not just a tool, but a bridge to a better tomorrow for millions of Indian farmers. The stage is set, the instruments are tuned, and the conductor's baton awaits. It's time for the symphony of IoT to begin, transforming the landscape of Indian agriculture, one connected note at a time.

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IoT in agriculture, Indian farmers, Smart agriculture, Precision agriculture, Digital divide, Rural development, Sustainability

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भारतीय, नेपाली, काव्य, नियुग, मनरोग, असामान्य मनविज्ञान, द्विध्रुिीय विकार, मनविकार स्िायीभाि, विषय तिा आश्रयआलंबन विभाि, िस्तु. चररत्र, पररिेि, काययअिस्िा, अियप्रकृ थत, िब्दअिय सहभाि, उद्दीपन विभाि, अनुभाि, संचारीभाि, उन्मादरस, प्रथतपादन, सामान्यीकरण, पररपाक, रसअनुभूथत।

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Innovation is a key to success in business. In this fast-changing world, entering into the market and survival for an organisation is very difficult. Creativity and Innovation both helps the person to become an Entrepreneur. It is very important for any economy to promote the entrepreneurial activities as it contributes to the GDP and overall development of the economy. It boosts the growth rate, per capita income of the population. The objectives of the study are to understand how different countries have different level of entrepreneurship in terms of perceived opportunities and capabilities and how population perceives entrepreneurship as a career choice. Comparative analysis has been performed by taking one developing country-India and one developed country-USA to deeply understand the situation in the type of economies. In addition, institutional framework condition has been taken of different economies to understand how economies support entrepreneurial activities. Institutional Framework includes many factors like Funds and access to funds, how much the government is supporting the different programs for entrepreneurship, ease of doing business, rules and regulations, entry burden and restrictions and so on. There are different levels of entrepreneurship which are different for different economies and different institutional framework that exists in the economies which are also different.

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Business, Economy, Entrepreneurship, GDP, Institutional framework.

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Iruliga is one of the tribal communities of Karnataka. Iruliga are living in the area of the Nilgiri Mountains, in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala. A Scheduled Tribe, their population in Karnataka is estimated at 25,000 people. The populations of Iruliga civilization are called Irular, and speak Irula, which belongs to the Dravidian family. Irular means "dark people" in Tamil and Malayalam, from the root word viral, meaning "darkness", about their dark skin complexion. The tribe numbers 1,89,621 in a significant region of Tamil Nadu and 23,721 in Kerala. This paper focuses on the economic status of the Iruliga tribal community of the Ramangara District of Karnataka.

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Iruliga, Irula, Ramanagara, Economic status, Schedules Tribe, Traditional activities

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Literature plays a significant role in manifesting global peace and men's happiness. Many writes have contributed to stress world peace and anti-terrorism through their writings. One such prominent Personality is Stephen Gill, who is of course the bard of world peace and anti-terrorism. In the words of K.V. Dominic, born in Pakistan, brought up in India, and now settled in Canada, stephen Gill is a Canadian writer, Indian English writer and a world writer" ( Preface vi). Stephen Gill strongly believes in a democratically elected world government and in this sense he would not like to be confined to the narrow boundary of any nation. Global peace and social concerns are the main areas of his interest. This paper entitled " Stephen Gill's The Flame - A panorama of Global Peace" is an attempt to analyse how stephen Gill reveals the calamities of war and the loss of harmony and thereby stresses world peace through The Flame.

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Terrorism, Global Peace, Humanistic Vision, Atrocity, Annihilation, Commitment

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In India, joint ventures are a typical way to conduct business. As strategic partnerships between local and foreign organizations, joint ventures are essential to promoting global integration, technology interchange, and economic progress. Nonetheless, there are more and more joint venture violations occurring, which can result in legal problems and make it harder to maintain profitable collaborations. In order to look at the underlying causes, trends, and effects of joint venture breaches, this research takes a multidisciplinary approach that combines legal, economic, and managerial viewpoints. It looks at the laws and procedures that control joint ventures in India, emphasizing important clauses and procedures for handling infractions and disagreements. Joint venture breaches have substantial financial consequences for the Indian market and its stakeholders, with elements including employment, investments, and technology transfer being taken into consideration. Ultimately, the main objective of this research is to present a thorough understanding of the violations of joint venture agreements committed by international businesses operating in India. The research also examines case studies of significant joint venture breaches, finding recurring patterns and unique elements that lead to these breaches. In order to improve the efficacy of regulatory frameworks, dispute resolution procedures, and general management strategies for joint ventures in the Indian context, the research aims to provide important knowledge by analysing the nuances and complexity surrounding joint venture breaches.

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Joint venture, Foreign direct investment, Breach

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Since 1952, when the first Lok Sabha elections took place, Indian electoral politics has experienced continuity and change in form of various issues and trends. This paper in particular seeks to analyze the 17th Lok Sabha general elections from various perspectives. The verdict of these elections presents interesting and notable information about the Indian electoral politics and political culture. Analysis of the poll verdict of 17th Lok Sabha general elections brings up many facts about the continuity and change of the electoral politics.

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17th Lok Sabha Election, Electoral Issues, Electoral Politics

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Nucleic acid vaccines, in particular messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, show notable benefits in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The nucleic acid vaccine's potential as a preventative and therapeutic measure has been greatly increased by the use of polymeric materials as delivery vehicles. Improved in vivo stability, enhanced biosafety, selective cellular absorption, endolysosomal escape, and promoted antigen expression are among the features of polymeric nucleic acid vaccines. Nevertheless, polymeric the hurdles facing polymer-gene vaccination systems are still too great, despite significant advancements in the past few decades in the delivery of nucleic acid vaccines and clinical translation. An overview of different polymers and their properties, as well as sample formulations, are given in this review for the delivery of vaccines containing nucleic acids. It also explores the issues that are currently being faced in this field, how to solve them, and the potential uses of polymeric carriers and nucleic acid vaccines. This review's main objective is to protect against serious or emerging diseases by rationally designing and developing polymeric vaccine delivery systems. This review also includes information about recently developed novel delivery platforms and new vaccine vectors.

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Nucleic Acid Vaccine, Gene Delivery, Humoral Immunity, Cellular Immunity

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ABSTRACT: Kidney stones are common in all kinds of urolithiasis. The study focuses on Polyherbal extracts containing Boerhavia diffusa and Celosia argentea and Plumeria rubra seed pod was prepared and evaluated for antilithiatic byin vivo method. The traditional system of medicine includes the use of many herbal medicines for the treatment of kidney stone due to the presence of Flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, and other chemicals having different mode of action. This study was conducted on Ethylene glycol-induced rats to examine the antilithiatic potential of selected herbs. Objective: To examine the Antilithiatic activity of Polyherbal extract on urine and serum parameters in Ethylene Glycol induced urolithiasis in male Wistar rats. Method: In this study Wistar rats were kept in metabolic cage separately from the day of starting the experiment until entire duration of 28 days of experiment, having six rats in each group. Urolithiasis was generated by administering ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) in drinking water orally. Cystone 750mg/Kg is used as a standard for comparing the activity of plant extracts. Polyherbal extracts were used in two concentrations i.e. 200 and 400mg/Kg for 28 days. Results: It was found from urine analysis that, in disease control animals' calcium, phosphorus and oxalate excretion were significantly increased, while the magnesium level decreased when compared with Normal group animals. Also from serum analysis it was found that the treatment of rats with Extract 1 and 2 (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and Cystone (750 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant (p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001) increment in Serum Calcium, Serum Phosphorus, Serum BUN, Serum Creatinine and increment in Serum Uric acid when compared with DC rats. Thus polyherbal extract of 400mg/Kg of all three plants was found to be effective for treating Kidney stones.

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Polyherbal, Antilithiatic, Serum calcium, phosphorus, uric acid.

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Energy storage is a critical component of the transition to a sustainable and renewable energy in future level. The intermittent and unpredictable nature of these energy sources has highlighted the critical need for advanced energy storage technologies to ensure a consistent energy supply. This paper discusses the importance of energy storage in the context of renewable energy integration, highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with intermittent energy sources. This focusing on various energy storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, redox flow batteries, super capacitors, and emerging concepts like solid-state batteries and gravity-based energy storage. The paper discusses the challenges and opportunities in integrating these technologies into renewable energy systems and explores their environmental and economic implications. By examining the latest developments and innovations, this review aims to shed light on the promising future of energy storage for renewable sources.

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energy storage technologies, integration of energy storage system, economic analysis, lifecycle analysis.

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In contemporary society, and indeed throughout history, humanity perpetually seeks solace. Life is a blend of joy and suffering. To overcome pain, active effort is required, pushing us to ponder that where healing does truly originate. This inquiry weighs heavily on the minds of many. The source of healing unquestionably does not reside externally; it is intricately woven into our subconscious. The authentic healer is the power within our own subconscious mind. Medical professionals, therapists, and psychologists merely play a supportive role in this process. For this one has to delve deeply within ourselves to tap into our inherent power. Psychotherapy can provide crucial emotional support, coping strategies, and overall psychological well-being for individuals and couples experiencing infertility, making it an important component of infertility counseling . There are various interventional strategies in terms of psychological therapies and techniques in the management of well being of the couple before during and after treatment. This chapter provides a dynamic approach and recent advancement in infertility counseling i.e. SEHT - Subconscious Energy Healing Therapy. This helps the individual to understand that one's inner power isn't just a concept--it's a tangible, transformative force capable of ushering in healing, strength, and a renewed sense of well-being.

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Psychological therapies, healing , subconscious mind, SEHT - Subconscious Energy healing Therapy

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Satellite imagery stands as a pivotal tool across diverse sectors such as agriculture, defense and finance, offering unique insights. This study focuses on the crucial objective of automating the identification of ships in satellite imagery, with a particular emphasis on a dataset obtained from the San Francisco Bay and San Pedro Bay regions. The investigation systematically evaluates the effectiveness of ANN and CNN models. The ANN model is designed to capture complex relationships within the pixel values, while the CNN model leverages its spatial hierarchies to detect intricate patterns. The study assesses the robustness of the models to atmospheric conditions, evaluates the potential benefits of ensemble methods, and investigates the feasibility of real-time ship detection applications using ANN and CNN. Furthermore, the influence of image resolution on the accuracy of both models is analyzed, and the transferability of trained models to different geographical regions is examined. The findings contribute insights into the nuances of implementing ANN and CNN models for ship detection, addressing challenges and opportunities in maritime surveillance using satellite imagery. The models achieved an exceptional accuracy of 99.37%, underscoring their efficacy in ship detection.

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Convolutional Neural Network, Artificial Neural Network, Satellite Imagery

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In an era defined by digital transformation, education has seen a profound shift towards virtual platforms. This project centres on the development of an Android-based Virtual Classroom Application designed to provide a seamless and interactive learning experience for students and instructors alike. Leveraging the power of Firebase, Google's comprehensive cloud-based platform, this application aims to transcend geographical boundaries and foster a conducive environment for remote education. The project encompasses various key components and functionalities, including real-time video conferencing, chat, file sharing, assignment submissions, and attendance tracking. These features are seamlessly integrated into the application to facilitate effective communication between students and educators. Students can easily join virtual classrooms, participate in discussions, submit assignments, and engage in interactive learning experiences. Instructors, on the other hand, have tools at their disposal for conducting live classes, monitoring attendance, and assessing student progress. The project is a culmination of modern technology and pedagogical principles, bringing education to the digital forefront. With the ability to adapt to the evolving landscape of education, this Android-based Virtual Classroom Application with Firebase integration aims to bridge the gap between traditional and online learning, providing a holistic, engaging, and effective platform for education in an increasingly virtual world.

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Distance Learning, Virtual Interactive, Remote Learning System, E-Learning, Virtual Platform.

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Corporate criminal liability has become a significant area of concern in India, where the rapid growth of the corporate sector has been accompanied by an increasing number of corporate malfeasance cases. This research paper offers a comprehensive analysis of corporate criminal liability in India, examining its legal framework, practical implications, and the challenges associated with its implementation. It goes into the historical context and evolution of corporate criminal liability in India, highlighting key legislative developments and landmark judicial decisions that have shaped its current landscape. It explores the underlying principles of corporate criminal liability, discussing the theories and justifications that underpin this legal concept. The research delves into the statutory provisions that govern corporate criminal liability in India, with a particular focus on the Companies Act, 2013, and other relevant laws. It investigates the types of corporate offenses that trigger criminal liability, emphasizing their impact on the corporate sector and society as a whole. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the practical implications of corporate criminal liability, including its effects on corporate governance, compliance mechanisms, and risk management strategies within Indian companies. Ultimately, this research paper seeks to provide a holistic understanding of corporate criminal liability in India, shedding light on its historical development, statutory framework, practical implications, and the road ahead .

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Corporate Criminal Liability, Companies Act, Corporate Fraud, Corporate Governance

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Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood cell count or haemoglobin is less than the normal. The normal level of haemoglobin is generally different in males and females. For men, anemia is typically defined as haemoglobin level of less than 13.5 gram/100ml and in women as haemoglobin level less than 12.0 gram/100 ml. These definitions may vary slightly depending upon the source and the laboratory reference model. Any process that can disrupt the normal life span of a red blood cell may cause anemia. Normal life span of a red blood cell is typically around 120 days. Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Anemia is caused essentially through two basic pathways. Anemia is either caused: by a decrease in production of red blood cell or haemoglobin, or by a loss or destruction of blood. A study was conducted to assess the outcome of gooseberry juice on the level of haemoglobin among iron deficiency anemic adolescent girls in selected hostel. The objective of the study was to compare the outcome of gooseberry juice on the level of haemoglobin. The study was conducted by adopting quasi experimental research design. 60 adolescent girls who have fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by non - probability purposive sampling technique. The hypothesis formulated stated that there was a significant difference in the level of haemoglobin among adolescent girls who receives intervention and who does not. The conceptual framework adopted was based on Roy's adoption model. In experimental group, gooseberry juice was given and pretest and post test level of haemoglobin was obtained by sahli hemometer. In the control group without the intervention, the pre and post test level of haemoglobin was obtained. Analysis revealed that the adolescent girls in the experimental group showed increased level of haemoglobin at highly significant level at p<0.001 when compared with the control group. Administration of gooseberry juice among adolescent girls enhances the level of haemoglobin. Therefore, gooseberry juice can be used as an effective measure, which helps to improve the haemoglobin and thus prevent anemia.

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Hemoglobin, adolescent

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