Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Background: UTIs are prevalent around the world and represent approximately 40% of hospital-acquired infection. Catheter acquired urinary tract infection is one of the most common health care acquired infections reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). CAUTI can range from asymptomatic bacteraemia urinary tract infection to symptomatic urinary tract infection. Material and methods: Study design: A prospective hospital-based study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology in collaboration with Department of Anaesthesia at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda (H.P.) Study duration: The study was conducted for a period of 12 months with effect from September 2021 to August 2022. Results: Distribution of pathogens and contaminants on culture of urine samples: Out of all the 100 samples of urine, 52 samples were sterile and 41 yielded pathogenic growth. In 7 samples, contaminants were obtained. Out of the 41 urine samples which yielded pathogenic organisms, a total of 48 organisms were isolated. Out of these 48 organisms, 33 (68.75%) were Gram negative bacteria and 11 (22.9%) were Gram positive bacteria and 4 (8.3%) samples yielded yeast. Most common Gram-negative isolate obtained from urine samples was Klebsiella pneumoniae which was isolated in 9 (27.27%) samples followed by Acinetobacter baumannii which was isolated in 9 (27.27%) samples and Escherichia coli was isolated from 6 (18.18%) samples.

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A study on Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection Study in Anaesthesia Intensive Care Units in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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A majority of global populations relies on an indigenous remedy as their primary medical care, with plants being the predominant source. Numerous plant species are utilized for treating various diseases, and conditions. Among that, Duranta erecta, a moderate-sized shrub from the Verbenaceae family', known by names such as Pigeon Berry, Golden Dewdrop, and Creeping Skin Flower, has been identified. Various components of the plants, such as leaf, branches, fruits, anb flowers have been documented for their anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and cytotoxic properties. Analysis of these plant components reveals the existence of diverse phytochemical components including alkaloid, terpenes, flavonoids, tanins, saponin and sterolss. The current analysis extensively emphasizes on morphology, phytoconstituents, and pharmacological properties of Duranra erecta in thorough detail.

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Duranta erecta, Morphology, Phytoconstituent, Pharmacological attributes, Traditional applications.

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Effervescent tablets, categorized as tablets designed for dissolution in water prior to administration, present a range of benefits in drug delivery. Comprising acids carbonates, and active components, these tablets release carbon dioxide upon water interaction, improving solubility and concealing taste. Particularly advantageous for medications sensitive to stomach pH, effervescent tablets offer reduced gastrointestinal irritation. Effervescent tablets are favored due to their quick onset of action, user-friendly nature for individuals with swallowing issues, and increased bioavailability. The formulation involves a meticulous selection of acids, carbonates, and excipients to ensure stability and desired characteristics. Effervescent tablets find application in diverse therapeutic areas, delivering faster onset, favorable gastric tolerance, and enhanced portability. Despite their advantages, challenges like unpleasant taste and production costs persist. Varied formulations and manufacturing methods, including wet granulation and direct compression, are explored for effervescent tablet optimization. Evaluation criteria encompass drug content, in-vitro drug release, hardness, disintegration time, and weight variation. Global effervescent product sales have risen by 15% in the last quarter, with heightened adoption for health and wellness. Increased consumer interest reflects a growing preference for effervescent formulations worldwide. Effervescent tablets emerge as a promising alternative in drug delivery, blending therapeutic efficacy with patient convenience.

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Effervescent tablets, medications, carbon dioxide, faster onset, gastric tolerance.

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Due to excessive decibel levels and lethal chemicals that are naturally occurring in the environment, air and pollution in major cities are now daily important issues that require specific care. Hence, in order to ensure a healthy way of life and a better future, it is currently important to limit pollution (both air and noise). In this study, a good implementation of the internet of things is used to monitor environmental factors such as air pollution and noise pollution. Because of the high decibel sand harmful gases present in the earth that directly affect human well-being and as a demand for an unusual level of concern, air and pollution problems now occur every day in metropolitan areas. In this way, it has finally come to light. In this work, a powerful application of the internet of things is used for perceiving air quality conditions including noise and pollution. This essay illustrates an applied design for a flexible, flexible, and cost-effective method of evaluating the air and sound quality of a chosen website. This frame work suggests a noise and air qualityrelated perceptual framework that enables us to monitor and assess real-time sound and air quality in a specific area using IoT. Framework makes use of air sensors to measure the distance of dangerous gas mixtures that are visible all around and frequently relay this information.

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InternetofThings(IoT), Sensors, Arduino, Monitoring System.

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This paper is about the mythical elements in the collection Myths and Texts by Gary Snyder. A detailed analysis of the poems in the collection is done for explicating these mythical elements.

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Myths, sacred, religion, God

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Our research's title is statistical interpretation on Standard Deviation, Sample Standard Deviation and mean in case of individual data. We took individual data for our research. Our research's rule can be used only in individual data. We used "qualitative method" in our research. We used two or more than two persons in our research for inquiry. Our research finding is in individual data if we have two or more than two data, we get many differences. If we calculate standard deviation and sample standard deviation by differences of actual data, we get double data's standard deviation and sample standard deviation of actual data. We should divide by '2' in these deviations to get standard deviation and sample standard deviation of actual data. First, we should add all differences of actual data, and then we should calculate mean of all differences, again we should add sum of actual data in mean so that we can get mean of double data. We should divide by '2' in this mean to get mean of actual data. Above mentioning few words are our research findings. Keywords: standard deviation, mean, statistical interpretation, sample mean, mean differences.

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standard deviation, mean, statistical interpretation, sample mean, mean differences.

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ABSTRACT Now a days with changing life style of the people irregularities in the nutrition and dietary timings gives rise to stress that affects the peace of mind. Nowadays Grahani Roga is commom GIT disorder affecting the normal life style of approx every human being at one time. In Ayurveda Mandagni is considered as the root cause for manifestation of many diseases. Among them, Grahani Roga is one of the prime diseases of gastro-intestinal tract and seen often in day-to-day practice. Mandagni leads to Ama Dosha which may result in Grahani Roga over time. The sign & symptoms of Grahani Roga are similar to irritable bowel syndrome as described in modern medical science.

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KEYWORDS: Agni, Grahani Roga, Mandagni, IBS

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o Abstract; The study was conceptualized with a purpose to analyze the 'A Force vital capacity of Kho - Kho Players of Tumkur District' have also been analyzed from the Present Academic year 2019-2020 ,To analyze like Taluk, rural & urban, age wise of the Force vital capacity level among selected Degree College level Kho-Kho players of Tumkur District. This study is delimited to selected six Taluk of Tumkur District Degree colleges Kho-Kho players.This study was delimited to men section.The study was delimited to academic year 2019-20. It was hypothesized that there will not be positive difference in Force vital capacity scores among the selected degree college level Kho-Kho players of Tumkur District Keywords; A Force vital capacity of Kho - Kho Players

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Keywords; A Force vital capacity of Kho - Kho Players

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Mahasweta Devi was always dedicated to the struggles of tribal people in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. In her elaborate Bengali fiction, she often depicts the brutal oppression of tribal peoples and the untouchables by potent, authoritarian upper- caste landlords, lenders, and venal government officials. She has written of the source of her inspiration: I have always believed that the real history is made by ordinary people. I constantly come across the reappearance, in various forms, of folklore, ballads, myths and legends, carried by ordinary people across generations...The reason and inspiration for my writ- ing are those people who are exploited and used, and yet do not accept defeat. For me, the endless source of ingredients for writing is in these amazingly, noble, suffering human beings. Why should I look for my raw material elsewhere, once I have started knowing them? Sometimes it seems to me that my writing is really their doing. (Bardhan, 24)

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Bonded labours, Resistance, Tribals, Postcolonial, Myths

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In contrast to "ordinary" memories, which are mutable and dynamically changing over time, traumatic memories are fixed and static. Sylvia Plath, a renowned poet of the mid-20th century, is known for her intense and confessional style, often drawing from personal experiences and emotions. This study analyses the ways in which Plath uses her poetic expression to express and navigate trauma. As a consequence of the increasing occurrence of such perplexing war experiences and other catastrophic responses during the last twenty years, physicians and psychiatrists have begun to reshape their thinking about physical and mental experience, including most recently the responses to a wide variety of other experiences, such as rape, child abuse, auto and industrial accidents, and so on, that are now often understood in terms of the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder. Through a close reading of her select poems, this research investigates the interplay between Plath's personal history, her poetic voice, and the traumatic themes that emerge in her poetry. In Unclaimed Experience (1996) Cathy Caruth explains that trauma is "a shock that appears to work very much like a bodily threat but is in fact a break in the mind's experience of time" (Caruth 61). By examining the autobiographical elements in Plath's poetry, it sheds light on the influence of trauma on her creative expression. By utilizing a combination of biographical and literary approaches, this research seeks to identify and analyse the autobiographical elements within Plath's poetry, exploring the ways in which she transformed her lived experiences into poetic narratives.

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Trauma, Poetic expression, Autobiographical elements, Poetic narratives, Sylvia Plath.

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The way people shop is changing from physical stores to online ones as technology develops, and AI/ML are helping to revolutionize the healthcare industry as well. The Smart Healthcare and Online Consultation initiative aims to provide patients with a convenient, individualized healthcare service using AI, ML, and data analytics, offering real-time video consultations, appointment scheduling, prescription administration, and health record management. Future health behaviors will prioritize safety and convenience through specialized online doctors and pharmacies, utilizing AI and ML to optimize patient care, streamline processes, and enhance decision-making. This abstract provides an overview of an ML-driven health platform, highlighting its features and potential advantages. These platforms play a vital role in revolutionizing healthcare by employing big data analytics and learning methodologies. An in-depth examination of several machine learning methods for sickness diagnosis, and health outcome prediction is done in this work. These algorithms seek to identify health concerns early on, hence promoting more efficient and data-driven patient care, by utilizing training and test datasets. This study investigates the use of machine learning in the field of healthcare, particularly in the area of multiple illness prediction. It examines the effectiveness of various algorithms. Discuss about the development of chatbots. The study also examines the global popularity of online medicine purchasing and how it affects the Indian healthcare market. It highlights the convenience, cost-effectiveness, confidentiality, and second opinions of online consultations.

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Healthcare, Machine Learning, E-pharmacy, Doctor Consultation, Health Prediction, Medical Field, Electronic Health Records, Health Bot.

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This study is subjected to understand the impact of transformative education on the employment in Indian Economy. It aims to ensure the influence on the conversion of the unemployed to the employed individuals as economically active contributors to the society. This study is focused on elaborating the role for holistic development and equipping individuals with skills and mindsets. The present study provides recommendations on the advancement of employment opportunities by the transformative education. Secondary data from various reports has been used, were published by reputed sources such OCED (Organization for Economic Corporation and Development) and furthermore. Present study showed the exposure to empower individuals and society to critically analyze and transform their own thinking and actions to achieve sustainable development. The critical areas have influenced such- Unemployment Challenges, Entrepreneurship Education, skill Development, Environmental Sustainability, Digital Literacy and Technology. It stimulates innovation and inclusivity to promote social and economic well-being while safeguarding the environment. Transformative education accomplishes the significant changes in individuals (youth), societies, and economies. It effects on sustainable development and employment involves a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches.

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Sustainable development, Unemployment, Digital Literacy.

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नाटक अपनी प्रकृ ति मेंएक ऐसी तिधा हैतिसकी अतिव्यक्ति की प्रतिया लेखक द्वारा तलखेिानेपर समाप्त नहीींहोिी, उसका प्रस्फु टन और सम्प्रेषण रींगमींच पर िाकर ही होिा है। रींगमींच के तिना नाटक की कल्पना नहीींकी िा सकिी। इसतलए रींगमींचीय पररप्रेक्ष्य से नाटक को पृथक करके उसके मममको नहीींसमझा िा सकिा। नाट्याथमकी अतिव्यक्ति केतलए के िल सींिादात्मक िाषा ही माध्यम नहीींहोिी, अतपिुअतिनेिाओीं के अतिनय कौशल दृश्यिन्ोीं, रींगदीपन, ध्वतन-प्रकाश सींयोिन आतद के समक्तिि प्रयोग सेिी नाट्याथमको तििृत्त तकया िािा है। नेतमचन्द्र िैन नेनाट्य कला को पररिातषि तकया हैएिीं उसके तितिध ित्ोींऔर सौन्दयों की समक्तिि मीमाींसा की है- “नाट्य कला सिमनात्मक अतिव्यक्ति का िह रूप हैतिसमेंमुख्यिः तकसी सींिादात्मक आलेख या कथा का (तिसेहम नाटक कहिेहैं) अतिनेिाओींद्वारा अन्य रींगतशक्तल्पयोींकी सहायिा सेतकसी रींगमींच पर दशमक समूह के सामनेप्रदतशमि तकया िािा है।"

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'देहान्तर' नाटक का रंगमंचीय शिल्प

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This research delves into the educational initiatives of Sister Nivedita, a prominent disciple of Swami Vivekananda, through a feminist lens, to unravel the profound impact of her contributions to women's empowerment through education. The study investigates the specific educational endeavours undertaken by Sister Nivedita, aiming to discern the integration of feminist principles within her educational philosophy. By exploring her perceptions on the role of education in fostering empowerment and autonomy for women, the research aims to identify key components of her educational thought that align with feminist ideals. This study adopts a qualitative research methodology to delve into its subject matter. The research employs a multi-faceted approach, utilizing primary sources such as Sister Nivedita's writings, letters, and contemporaneous accounts, alongside secondary literature on feminist educational theories and colonial India. The analysis focuses on the intricate interplay of Sister Nivedita's initiatives, feminist principles, and the socio-cultural context of colonial India, providing a comprehensive understanding of her pioneering role in women's education. The research concludes that Sister Nivedita's feminist principles into educational philosophy emphasized gender equality, challenging traditional roles, and advocating for women's rights. She viewed education as a transformative force for individual and collective autonomy, addressing not only intellectual but also physical, moral, and emotional well-being. Her multifaceted approach actively contributed to breaking traditional gender barriers in colonial India, creating a lasting legacy in the broader narrative of women's empowerment through education.

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Colonial India, Gender Equality, Feminist Perspective, Sister Nivedita, Social Reform, Women's Empowerment, Women's Education.

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This study focuses on formulating an antimicrobial gel for folliculitis treatment, incorporating grapefruit oil. Carbopol 943 or 940 is dispersed into water with methyl and propyl paraben preservatives and glycerin, creating a stable base. Allowing the Carbopol-water solution to stand overnight ensures complete hydration, forming a consistent gel matrix. Simultaneously, an oil-based extract is dissolved in propylene glycol for integration. This extract-oil and propylene glycol solution is carefully introduced into the Carbopol solution, stirred for 10 minutes to achieve uniform dispersion. Triethanolamine (TEA) is gradually added for pH adjustment to 6.4, crucial for stability. High-speed mixing for 10 minutes ensures thorough blending. The gel exhibits a lime-yellow colour, citrus Odor, translucent appearance, and a smooth texture. pH measurements range from 6.45 to 6.81, indicating skin-friendly acidity. Homogeneity assessments confirm uniform dispersion. Spreadability tests show variations, with formulations F3, F5, and F6 having higher spreadability indices, suggesting improved application. Antimicrobial activity testing against Escherichia Coli and Streptococcus aureus shows promising efficacy comparable to streptomycin sulphate. In conclusion, the grapefruit oil-based gel demonstrates stability, homogeneity, and potential therapeutic efficacy for folliculitis, pending further safety evaluations in a larger cohort. In conclusion, the formulated gels exhibited favorable physical characteristics, with a lime-yellow color, a fragrant citrus odor, translucent appearance, and smooth texture. The pH levels across formulations F1 to F6 fell within a narrow range close to neutral (6.45 to 6.81), indicating skin-friendly acidity.

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Folliculitis, Grapefruit Oil, Herbal Gel, Essential oil, Antimicrobial Activity, Anti-bacterial gel

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Ayurveda is the science of life through which a prolonged, happy and healthy life can be attained. Rasayana is definitely the only mean to accomplish it. Rasayana is explained in all classical treatises in great details. It is a distinct branch in Ashtanga Ayurveda and indicates its importance in treatment. All classical treatises have explained Rasayanas in great details. Creators of Bruhattrayi and Laghutrayi have dedicated separate chapters for explaining Rasayanas. Different definitions and Niruktis help in clarifying basics of Rasayana. Commentators such as Acharya Chakrapanidatta, Gangadhara, Yogindranath Sen, Dalhana, Arundatta, have also put forward different aspects of Rasayana and have brought forward different facets. The purpose of Ayurveda is maintenance of Swasthya (health) and treatment of the Aatura (diseased person). Practical application of Rasayana at both the levels help in serving the purpose. Classification of Rasayana in different ways help in understanding its use in different indications. As age progresses we suffer from some loss from time to time. Replenishment of these losses needs use of different rejuvenating agents at different age groups. Use of Rasayana also means escalation of Satva Guna of mind and that can only be achieved by simultaneous use of Acharhara Rasayana. With advancement in modern sciences,the age old concept is also studied using newer techniques and parameters and is proven to be effective rejuvenator and has added a lot of information. Hence, use of Rasayana is for all. It is equally important in treatment of diseases as well as in maintaining health. Use of different medicines as per disease is useful in correcting Dhatu Vaishamya and attaining Dhatu Samya. In view of this plethora of information it can be correct to state that Rasayana is a boon given to the world by Ayurveda.

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KEYWORDS: Rasayana, Rejuvination, Immunity, Ayurveda.

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The study conducted at the Occupational Therapy Department of Apex Hospital aimed to compare the effectiveness of Sensory Integration (SI) therapy and Neurodevelopmental Therapy (NDT) versus conventional exercise therapy for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), specifically those diagnosed with Spastic Diplegia. The study included 50 patients aged between 4 to 10 years with a GMFCS level between 1 to 3 and no associated problems like seizures, mental retardation, learning disabilities, or corrective surgeries. Among them, 35 children received NDT along with SI therapy (experimental group), while 15 children received conventional exercise therapy (control group). In the experimental group, sensory integration therapy focused on providing various sensory stimuli to improve postural control and overall functioning. This included activities such as swings, trampoline, ladder, slides, and balls, walking on different surfaces, and engaging in tasks like stair climbing. Neurodevelopmental therapy emphasized task-oriented approaches, weight transfer, trunk elongation, core muscle reduction, postural alignment, midline crossing, and functional skills development. The results after 8 weeks of intervention showed significant improvements in gross motor skills, balance, independence in mobility, and activities of daily living in the experimental group compared to the control group. Children in the experimental group were also reported to be more engaged and active during therapy sessions. These findings suggest that the combined approach of SI therapy and NDT can lead to better outcomes for children with CP, particularly those with Spastic Diplegia. The emphasis on sensory stimulation, motor learning, and functional skill development appears to be beneficial in improving various aspects of motor function and overall participation in daily activities. Based on these results, it is recommended that paediatric therapists consider incorporating Sensory Integration therapy and Neurodevelopmental Therapy into their practice for better outcomes in children with Cerebral Palsy.

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OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SENSORY INTEGRATION , NEURODEVELOPMENTAL THERAPY

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Biodegradable polymers are a special class of polymers that breaks down after its intended purpose by bacterial decomposition process to result in natural byproducts such as gases, water, biomass, and inorganic salts. The interest in producing biodegradable polymers by chemical treatment, microorganisms and enzymes has increased to make it easier to dispose after the end of their use without harming the environment. Biodegradable polymers reported a set of issues on their way to becoming effective materials. In this article, biodegradable polymers, treatment, composites, blending, and modeling are studied. The environmental fate and assessment of biodegradable polymers are discussed in detail. The forensic engineering of biodegradable polymers and understanding of the relationships between their structure, properties, and behavior before, during, and after practical applications are investigated. This review article also examines the wide range of Synthetic biodegradable polymers and focuses on their application, characteristics, mechanisms, preparation methods, and properties. A thorough examination of the condition of biodegradable polymers as of today is summarized in this article.

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Biodegradable, Nanoparticle, Polymer, Nanocarriers, Biodegradation Pathways

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This study is subjected to understand the impact of transformative education on the employment in Indian Economy. It aims to ensure the influence on the conversion of the unemployed to the employed individuals as economically active contributors to the society. This study is focused on elaborating the role for holistic development and equipping individuals with skills and mindsets. The present study provides recommendations on the advancement of employment opportunities by the transformative education. Secondary data from various reports has been used, were published by reputed sources such OCED (Organization for Economic Corporation and Development) and furthermore. Present study showed the exposure to empower individuals and society to critically analyze and transform their own thinking and actions to achieve sustainable development. The critical areas have influenced such- Unemployment Challenges, Entrepreneurship Education, skill Development, Environmental Sustainability, Digital Literacy and Technology. It stimulates innovation and inclusivity to promote social and economic well-being while safeguarding the environment. Transformative education accomplishes the significant changes in individuals (youth), societies, and economies. It effects on sustainable development and employment involves a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches.

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Sustainable development, Unemployment, Digital Literacy.

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Acne is a cutaneous pleomorphic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit involving abnormalities in sebum production and is characterized by both inflammatory (papules, pustules and nodules) and non inflammatory (comedones, open and closed) lesions. Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are common pus-forming microbes responsible for the development of various forms of, acne vulgaris. In Ayurveda it is described under the Mukhadushika or Yuvanapidika which is type of Kshudraroga. It is generally androgenic disease which is seen at puberty on both sexes. Today due to imbalanced life style (Apathy) and heavy pollution this problem increasing day by day. Guru Aahar, Madhya, Anidra, Upvas, Krodha, Santap, Savbhav are some causative factor of Mukhadushika. It is generally due to vitiation of Vata, Kapha and Rakta having Shalmali like eruption on face. In Ayurveda for the treatment of Mukhadushika (Kshudraroga) mainly two type of Chikitsa are described i.e. Shodhana chikitsa and Shamana chikitsa. As described by various Acharya the Shodhana chikitsa includes Vamana, Nasya and Shiravedha. The Shamana chikitsa includes various types of Lepa and Pralepa. Vamana Virechana, Nasya and Shira vedha will be beneficial along with some internal and external herbal, Mineral and herbominaral Ayurvedic drugs. In this review article, we tried to highlight Ayurvedic Management of Acne vulgaris (Mukhadushika) mentioned in Ayurveda with scientific justification

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Key Words: Ayurveda, Acne vulgaris, Mukhadushika, Pimples.

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