Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of three prominent AI image generation models: Stable Diffusion, DALL-E, and Dream by WOMBO. We assess their performance across various metrics such as image quality, detail clarity, resolution, color accuracy, computational efficiency, and scalability. Stable Diffusion excels in preserving image fidelity and detail, while DALL-E is adept at generating images from textual descriptions. Dream by WOMBO showcases impressive creativity but offers less control. We discuss implications for future research, including enhancing controllability, scalability, and ensuring ethical AI usage. Despite challenges, AI image generation presents significant opportunities for innovation. This study provides insights into model performance and directions for future research in this dynamic field.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI Image Generation, Stable Diffusion, DALL-E, Dream WOMBO, Comparative Analysis, Image Quality, Diversity, Controllability, Scalability, Computational Efficiency, Applications

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper investigates the correlation between hope, resilience, and happiness among young adults. At this age a person goes through a lot of life changes which might be overwhelming at times. Hence it is important to have higher level resilience and hope in order to overcome stress and preserve mental health to avoid developing any disorders. A resilient and hopeful person uses healthy coping mechanisms to overcome stress arised from daily life hassles and major life events. People who are resilient and hopeful tend to be happier than people who are not. Resilient people are also optimistic and have good social skills which is again related with happiness. A sample of 103 participants was taken, among which 48 were male participants and 55 were female participants. Their ages ranged from 18-30 years. Self-report questionnaire was provided through google forms. The study finds a significant positive correlation between hope and happiness, suggesting that individuals with higher levels of hope tend to experience greater levels of happiness. Conversely, the research reveals a minimal correlation between resilience and happiness, indicating that resilience does not significantly influence happiness within this sample. Additionally, no significant correlation was observed between resilience and hope. Furthermore, the study shows no gender-based difference. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between hope, resilience, and happiness, shedding light on potential factors that influence subjective well-being. By establishing meaningful connections between hope, resilience, and happiness, this research contributes to the evolving field of positive psychology. Research based on this can be used in clinical setting to treat patients with disorders like depression and hopelessness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Happiness, Hope, Resilience.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

With the rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide, there is a growing need for accurate and timely detection methods to enable early intervention and management. In this study, we propose a novel approach for diabetes detection leveraging the power of deep learning techniques, specifically employing Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) networks. Our methodology involves the integration of ConvLSTM networks, which combine the spatial understanding of convolutional layers with the temporal memory capabilities of LSTM layers. This unique architecture enables the model to capture both spatial and temporal dependencies within sequential medical data, such as time-series information from glucose monitoring. To validate the efficacy of our approach, we conducted experiments on a comprehensive dataset comprising diverse patient profiles. The dataset includes information such as glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, and other relevant health indicators. Our proposed ConvLSTM-based model demonstrates superior performance in diabetes detection compared to traditional machine learning methods and other deep learning architectures. Furthermore, we explore the interpretability of the model predictions, providing insights into the key features and temporal patterns influencing diabetes detection. This not only enhances the model's transparency but also contributes to a better understanding of the complex relationships within the data. The results of our study indicate that the proposed ConvLSTM-based approach holds promise as an effective and accurate tool for diabetes detection. The integration of deep learning techniques in healthcare, particularly in diabetes diagnosis, can pave the way for more personalized and timely interventions, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Convolutional long short-term memory; diabetes prediction; machine learning; pre-processing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Indian economy has been experiencing a major transformation since 1990's in the wake of unilateral economic reforms initiated since 1991 and the reorientation of the economy in accordance with the rules and regulations within the multilateral framework of GATT/WTO. Accordingly, the globalization of production process, market for goods as well as financial markets has been initiated, though slowly. This has generated debate on the linkage between trade policy and economic growth, in addition to other variables, the balance of payments and current account deficits. In this paper an effort has been made to study the impact of trade policy on India's economic growth, balance of payments and current account deficit. The evidence suggests that the trade liberalization policies pursued in India played a positive role in influencing economic growth. Indian exports have been doubled in dollar terms and there is an evidence of export diversification. Imports have been rising continuously and the current account showed a surplus in recent years. Empirical analysis on BOP indicates a statistically significant change during liberalization period. Finally, the open policies seem to have influenced current account balances positively. Finally, the evidence presented by us suggests that the expansion of the government sector is detrimental to growth, i. e., the government led-growth thesis is rejected by the data. An examination of this thesis at a disaggregated level shows that while the expansion of government investment has a negative impact on growth, the impact of growth in government consumption is insignificant. An interesting finding emerging from our study is that the investment ratio has an insignificant impact on growth in India The policy conclusion emerging from this study is that export pessimism of the past was misplaced and India would do well to pursue export expansion much more vigorously than hitherto. This would require policies aimed at offsetting the earlier anti-export bias, such as an aggressive exchange rate policy, lowering the degree and dispersion of protection further, de-reservation of (removal of reservation status for) the small-scale sector and liberalisation of the agricultural and consumer goods sectors.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Trade Policy, WTO, Economic Growth, Balance of Payments

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the Indian education system, Foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) is the education of children of 3 to 8 years age. As per the National Education Policy (NEP 2020), FLN spans from preschool up to grade 2. Foundational literacy is the capability to comprehend and distinguish letters, read well-known words, and establish various forms of communication. Literacy assists students to read, write and speak clearly. Foundational numeracy is understanding and identifying numbers, discriminating between numbers, and performing basic mathematical calculations (addition or subtraction). Future education and lifetime learning both depend on the capacity to read, write, and execute basic mathematical operations. People with these skills can think critically and creatively, which advances the country (GOI, NEP 2020). After 34 years of National Education Policy 1986, The New Education Policy 2020 came into effect in India. In New Education Policy, new provisions were introduced for the overall development of education starting from Bal Vaatika. In this program, FLN (Foundation Literacy and Numeracy) was introduced to improve the basic knowledge, knowledge, language and statistical skills of children from infancy till the age of 9 years. The ultimate objective of FLN (Foundation Literacy and Numeracy) is to bring equality within every child for the sake of imparting knowledge related to language, for the sake of making them adept with the vision. NEP 2020 states in clear words that student's academic learning outcomes will be ensured by FLN. Its full name is Foundation language and literacy. As the name suggests, it is based on knowledge of statistics and language at the foundational level . To achieve the objectives FLN mentioned in the New Education Policy 2020, the year was set for 2025 but later it was extended to 2026-27.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FLN,NEP(2020)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Dark patterns are tricks used in design to confuse or manipulate users, making it hard for them to express real preferences or take desired actions. The current study looks into the widespread occurrence of dark patterns in India, especially concerning internet users amid the country's fast digitization. It covers India's regulatory environment to safeguard customers and goes into the misleading tactics used by online sites. It also looks at foreign laws regarding dark patterns to provide insightful analysis of the Indian legal system as well as suggestions for improvement. Through this investigation, the study aims to highlight the difficulties Indian consumers face online and offer solutions to lessen the negative effects of dark patterns on their digital engagements.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dark patterns, manipulate users, consumers, Indian legal system, foreign laws.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the case of BSC Class-II drugs, solubility is always a problem because of their lipophilic nature. To solve this pharmaceutical problem there are several ways but solid dispersion is the most promising one. Here Efavirenz was taken for increasing solubility. For this, we used PEG 4000, PEG8000 and PEG 20000 hydrophilic polymers in a 1: 0.5, 1: 1, 1: 1.5, 1: 2 and 1: 2.5 ratio by two techniques. The first technique was hot melt extrusion. Whereas the second one was lyophilization. The result came from dissolution and the result of DSC and FTIR also shows the same result.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Efavirenz, PEG, BSC, hot melt extrusion, lyophilization.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chronic Kidney Disease, Ischemic Heart Disease, Hypertension, Modification of diet in Renal Disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The kingdom of Bahrain is an archipelago of 33 Islands located in the Arabian Gulf. The island covers 770 square kilometres of land which is connected to the kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the west through the king Fahd Causeway. In Arabic the word Bahrain is a dual form of bahar; it means sea. The name is derived from the topography of the island, as it is surrounded by two kinds of water, sweetwater springs and salty water. This island has started to build its architectural identity in the last 200 years. This paper focuses on the conservation, renovation and rehabilitation of the Amarat Ali Fakhro-I storehouse located in Muharraq, Bahrain. This storehouse devours distinguished architectural elements which are constructed using locally available traditional building materials. This paper throws a light on the structural conservation techniques used on the conservation and renovation of Amarat's storehouse.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Conservation, Heritage buildings, Bahrain, Structural conservation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this paper, flow of Hyperbolic tangent fluid through a porous medium in a planar channel with peristalsis the effect of Slip and Hall effects under the assumption of long wavelength is investigated. A Closed form solutions are obtained for axial velocity and pressure gradient by employing perturbation technique. The effects of various emerging parameters on the pressure gradient, time averaged volume flow rate and frictional force are discussed with the aid of graphs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hall, Hyperbolic tangent fluid, Hartmann number, long wavelength, peristaltic pumping, Darcy number, porous medium, slip condition, Reynolds number, Weissenberg number, power-law index, pressure gradient, perturbation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: The present studies focused mainly on the comparative phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity in the typical form of the Vitex negundo var. negundo (VN1) and its intraspecific variant Kali Nirgundi or Nalla vavili (VN2). In the traditional systems of medicines as well as in the local/folk medicine the kali Nirgundi is extensively used rather than the typical form of the species for its effective functioning as an antimicrobial and antirheumatic/anti-inflammatory. To find out the variations in the phytochemical components and their activity in the both typical form and variant the studies were carried out to strengthen the local knowledge and by providing scientific evidence. The powdered leaf materials of both were extracted by using Aqueous, ethanol, chloroform and pet-ether extracts the following chemical compounds were reported Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Steroids, Triterpenoids, Glycosides, Flavonoids in VN1 & VN2. The only glycosides and flavonoids showing are absent in the aqueous and chloroform extracts in the VN1 differing with VN2. The antimicrobial activity was carried out by disk-diffusion method by using four different microorganisms with the nutrient agar medium. The high inhibitory activity was observed in the VN2 against all isolates in all extracts. This may be the presence of chemical compounds glycosides and flavonoids in the VN2. The Molecular docking studies were also applied to support the qualitative and quantitative variations in the presence of phytochemicals within the species due to change of geographic regions and environmental changes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Comparative phytochemical analysis, Intraspecific variant, Molecular docking studies.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mandibular fractures represent a prevalent form of facial skeletal injury, often resulting in compromised occlusion and functional deformities. The primary objective of treatment involves restoring proper occlusal alignment and function while promoting direct bone healing through precise reduction and immobilization of the fracture site. Herein, we present the case of a 30-year-old male patient who sustained a mandibular parasymphysis fracture following an assault. Our treatment approach involved local anesthesia administration, followed by intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) utilizing stainless steel plates. This method facilitated effective restoration of occlusal integrity and functional stability, thereby addressing the sequelae of the mandibular fracture.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mandibular fractures, parasymphysis fracture, assault, local anesthesia, intermaxillary fixation (IMF), open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), stainless steel plates, occlusion, functional deformity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

For thousands of years, silk--known as the "Queen of Textiles"--has been an integral element of Indian culture and customs. The cultivation and production of silk through the rearing of silkworms, not only plays a crucial role in promoting regional economic development, but also holds immense potential for empowering women. By providing employment opportunities in the sericulture industry, women can gain financial independence and contribute to their household income. Additionally, sericulture offers women the chance to develop valuable skills in silk production and management, allowing them to take on leadership roles within the industry. This not only boosts their self-esteem and confidence but also promotes gender equality and women's empowerment. Furthermore, sericulture is particularly beneficial for rural women, as it offers them a sustainable and regular source of income without any discrimination based on caste, creed, gender, or religion. In West Bengal, Murshidabad is one of the districts that produces the most silk. Our present study was mainly conducted on 2 villages of Nabagram Block (Nagar & Balaspur) and 2 villages of Berhampore Block (Balarampur & krishnamati) as well. It is frequently seen that they are bearing the financial and familial burdens simultaneously, making it extremely challenging for women to work outside the home. They should engage in sericulture because most of the labor is done indoors. The study reveals that more than 60% of woman are engaged in various work of sericulture from planting to reeling & printing. It is found that women are doing their works successfully in every sector.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

silk, empowering women, finance, sector.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: The present study is an attempt to study the effectiveness of Email writing skill in English language for B.Ed. trainees. The present study is developmental and experimental. The sample of the study comprised 30 B.Ed. trainees. Two equivalent groups of B.Ed. trainees were made. One is the control group which consists of 15 students and the second one is the experimental group which consists of 15 students. For this study pre-test posttest design was employed. Self constructed questionnaire which was validated by English language experts was used to collect data. Pre-tests were administered to both groups. Experimental group was subjected to Email writing skill in English Language training by providing intervention through a specially developed Email writing skill programme in the English language. After the treatment post test was administered to both groups. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis and obtained results were interpreted. After analyzing the data it was found that the Email writing skill programme in English language was effective to enhance Email writing skill of B.Ed. trainees.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words : Writing Skill, Email writing skill,language, B.Ed. trainees.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A study on the significance of data analysis tools in decision-making is crucial in the contemporary business landscape, where organizations are inundated with vast amounts of data

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Accuracy, Efficiency and Time Savings, Identification of Patterns and Trends, Risk Mitigation Strategies, Cost Reduction and Resource Optimization, Cost Reduction and Resource Optimization, Competitive Advantage

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In modern healthcare, identifying cancerous tissue is still a major challenge that affects patient outcomes, diagnosis, and course of treatment. Numerous analytical methods and imaging modalities have been created over time to improve the precision and effectiveness of cancer detection. Among them in younger women, this diagnosis is less accurate, particularly when it comes to dense breast cancers, which are harder to find. We perform a thorough analysis of recent developments in cancer detection in this review, with a special emphasis on the use of deep learning techniques and their combination with technological advances in medical imaging. We review recent studies and advancements in the development of deep learning-based models for cancer detection across different organs and cancer types. We examine the challenges associated with data scarcity, class imbalance, and generalization in training robust and reliable detection models. Additionally, we discuss the integration of multimodal imaging and the potential synergies between different imaging techniques for improving diagnostic accuracy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Image mining, Domain specific application, Data Mining, Image Segmentation, Histopathology, Machine learning; Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); Support Vector Machine (SVM); Logistic Regression (LR).

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Old age has now become a prevalent social problem in our society. In our modern society, where money is the scale of everything, the old age people are measured as an economic liability and a social burden. The main objective of this paper is to identify the socio-economic problems faced by the elderly population in rural and urban sectors. Data was collected from 400 respondents of the selected rural and urban areas through purposive sampling techniques. The data collected was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 Bivairate cross tabulation with chi square test. The results of the study revealed highest percent (37.6) from urban sector and (41.0) from rural sector belongs to the age group of 60-70 years respectively. Living with son/s (rural 70.5%) and urban 66.6%) was the most common type of living arrangement for elderly. However a slight rural urban differential in living arrangement of elderly was revealed. More males have higher income than females in both rural and urban sectors. Most of the respondents (72.1%) and (71.9%) stated that they possess the ownership of land/household property in both rural and urban areas respectively. However ownership of property did not influence their living arrangement. Furthermore, urban elderly respondents have higher levels of education and results also indicated that elderly individuals with higher levels of education tend to have more income. The analysis of the data reveals that due to old age, lack of financial support and lack of opportunities to earn for livelihood in the villages, the rural elderly experienced more problems in comparison to the urban counterparts.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Socio-economic,elderly,rural,urban

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the empowering narratives of Indian women as portrayed in Sudha Murthy's novels, particularly "Mahasweta" and "House of Cards." Focusing on the struggle against the oppressive mechanisms within closed societies, the research paper highlights the pervasive challenges faced by women in various facets of life, including employment, healthcare, and property rights, illustrating the distant dream of women's empowerment in India. The narratives within Sudha Murthy's novels vividly expose the violence, denigration, and exploitation endured by female characters, reflecting the broader global issues of violence, discrimination, inequality, and poverty faced by women and girls worldwide.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Empowering Narratives of Indian Women in the Subversive Realms of Sudha Murthy's Novels

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Medical ethics is an intricate domain that frequently confronts practitioners with moral quandaries and ethical obstacles. Deontology is a notable method to tackle these problems. It is a moral framework that prioritizes the underlying morality or immorality of actions, regardless of their outcomes. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of how the deontological approach might be utilized to address medical ethics dilemmas. Deontological ethics, commonly linked to philosophers such as Immanuel Kant, focuses on the notion of duty and moral principles. Within the realm of medical ethics, this approach underscores the significance of strictly adhering to particular moral principles and duties, irrespective of potential consequences. Medical practitioners adhere to a set of ethical norms, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and fairness. Deontology emphasizes the importance of maintaining these ideals. The paper analyzes real-world medical situations in which deontological principles clash with consequentialist or utilitarian considerations. The research examines scenarios including patient autonomy, end-of-life decisions, informed consent, and the allocation of limited resources. It sheds insight on the difficulties healthcare professionals encounter while making ethical decisions. Moreover, the study examines the importance of honoring patients' rights and dignity within a deontological framework, highlighting the ethical obligation of healthcare workers to follow these ideals.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Deontology, Ethical Challenge, Medical Ethics, Patient Autonomy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the era of digital transformation, cloud computing has become the foundation of modern IT infrastructure providing never seen before scale, flexibility, and accessibility to users and companies around the globe. Although, along with the numerous advantages in cloud computing, comes great scrutiny in regard to the privacy and security of the users' data on cloud servers. Traditional cloud storage models commonly demand the consumers to rely on a third party, causing legitimate concerns around data breaches, access without authorization, and potential misuse. In such conditions, Private Information Retrieval (PIR) methods surface as a potential solution to ensure user privacy in cloud environments. This article discusses the complete implementation of the PIR protocol to safeguard users' privacy against the attacks by cloud servers. We go into the theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and subsequent research avenues of PIR in the context of cloud computing. The paper starts with a short introduction on the fast growth of cloud computing as well as privacy issues it has introduced. It further presents PIR and how comes into play in cloud storage privacy preservation. Taking this framework as a starting point, the paper surveys the existing methodologies and techniques for PIR, such as Single-Server PIR, Multi-Server PIR, Homomorphic Encryption-based PIR, etc. Every method is analyzed w.r.t. its cryptographic foundation, performance metrics, security properties and scalability. A paper also studies architectural considerations of integrating PIR techniques to cloud storage systems where issues like data volume, access patterns, and deployment models are addressed.. In the next step, the paper reviews the security and privacy problems of PIR in cloud computing, considering intrusions like eavesdropping, inference attacks, and collusion against it. Necessary vulnerabilities and attack vectors are identified, encompassing the strategies for eliminating these threats and increasing the resilience of PIR-based cloud data storage systems. Besides, the document talks about troubles and limitations existent in existing PIR solutions for clouds, i.e. computational overhead, communication complexity and usability problems. It scrutinizes possible future research directions related to the challenges it had discussed and hopefully improves the performance and state-of-the-art in PIR as it focuses on improving the efficiency, scalability and practicality. In a nutshell, this research paper emphasizes the great importance of PIR techniques in the protecting of user privacy in the era of cloud computing. This study aims at elucidating the theoretical underpinnings of PIR, presenting its practical implementations, and sketching the directions for its future development, in an effort to expand on the existing conversation on privacy-preserving mechanisms in the cloud computing area.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cloud Computing, User Privacy, PIR, Cloud Data Security, Cryptography, Privacy-Preserving Protocols.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition