Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

The invent of AI or Artificial Intelligence has maybe brought the world closer and people interaction with social media have resulted in the increasing cases of sexual offences. Metaverse is something which one cannot define in a single definition. This is still a vague concept which needs more definition. Before one step into the ambit of sexual offences taking place in the metaverse, one must need to understand the ambit of Metaverse affecting our life, as to how Metaverse can include everything around us within itself. It feels just like another version of the Internet but now it can be better called as "an integrated network of 3D virtual worlds" With the advent of the Metaverse, the virtual reality has become a camouflaged ban amidst the boon to the society. Metaverse is increasing connectedness, and destroying the spatial barriers and opening avenues of equalness for its customers. But the negative impact of such usage is when the Metaverse becomes their "reality" in the real world. Research has shown that the Metaverse has the capacity greater than online portals to facilitate cyber bullying and sexual harassments of users. The present study will be delving more into the aspects of sexual harassment and cyberbullying of users using the metaverse and how this booming sector is bringing in more convoluted challenges for the legislatures.

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KEYWORDS: Metaverse, Sexual, Harassment, Virtual, Women and Children.

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Democracy and Development and human rights successful only if the government is able to provide justice. The main objective of criminal rules is to prevent and control crime protect the right of victims against criminal activity. This is also an important obligation of a state by constitution of India. In this world crime is a huge problem. The criminal action also affects the social order. If a person does an act which is prohibited by state or welfare society, is called culprit and the aggrieved party is known as victim. So, victim is one who do nothing but suffer a lot by other wrong job. The term "VICTIMOLOGY" was coined way back in 1947 by a French lawyer, Benjamin Mendelsohn by combining a Latin word "VICTIMA" with the Greek word "LOGOS". To give a general understanding victimology is a, "study of crime from the perspective of the victim, who constitute persons suffering from injury or destruction by an act of another person/group of persons." The new dictionary of Hebrew Language cites the meaning of victim as a 'self-sacrificing individual', 'a person dead in an accident or in a public mishap', 'a victim of war', 'a victim of the liberation movements', 'the victim of an attack', 'a sufferer', 'the victim of a swindle', 'the victim of a daring and hazardous deed, performed voluntarily without thought of reward'. In broader sense a victim is 'a person who suffers by the fault of another or by his own fault'. The court is always considered to be the temple of justice. The court vindicates the rights of victims against any oppression. The term "court" is wider sense. The court protect the dignity of accused, witness, victims in the court proceedings. All the persons in judicial system play important role in the proceeding. Many people do not know what their rights are. That is why it is said that: "Give every other human being every right that you claim for yourself." - Robert Ingersoll

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Victim, Compensation, Relief, Judicial system, Criminal Law

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Eco-tourism and sustainable practices will increase positive impacts to visitors and the local community. It is a revolutionary way for improving the quality of life through increased socio-economic well-being and improved natural resource management. Eco-tourism is a new way to develop a resource-efficient, cleaner and stronger sustainable development. The paper describes the positive impacts of ecotourism initiatives in environmental sustainability and climate change. The case study focuses on providing better understandings into the existing ecotourism initiatives in Uttar Pradesh. By including the green growth concept with tourism helps to address the gaps of sustainable development. The research adopted is qualitative research methodology to collect data from the ecotourism stakeholder's through participant observation and interviews. This aims to assimilate the tourism industry with green growth concept to minimize the negative impacts of tourism development on the environment. Eco-tourism is a kind of conscious travel because one of its main goals is to reach closer to nature, know about environmental issues, and find out how we can protect natural diversity. Being away from own civilization and the usual comfort, tourists reconsider their values to find inner harmony and learn more about the culture of the people who reside there. Ecotourism is a unique opportunity to escape civilization and test your strength. This exhaustive study has been undertaken to do explore the ecotourism regions of Uttar Pradesh. In agricultural countries eco-tourism is a significant industry. Eco-tourism is "Responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment and improves the well-being of local people."(TIES, 1990)

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Ecotourism, sustainable development, environmental sustainability, climate change

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India is one of the world's fastest-growing e-commerce marketplaces, worth $120 billion in 2020 the Indian legal framework, notably taxes, presents several hurdles and uncertainties for the e-commerce business some states charge entrance taxes on internet purchases from other jurisdictions, Entry taxes are indirect taxes on items entering a local region for consumption, use, or sale The tax rate and application varies per state, from 05 percent to 15% The state collects entrance tax from e commerce enterprises or their logistical partners during delivery. E-commerce enterprises must register with the state and report transactions periodically Several e-commerce enterprises and industry organisations have challenged the entrance tax in court, arguing that it breaches the constitutional values of free trade, non-discrimination, and tax harmonization E-commerce companies claim that the entry tax double taxes them and their customers, raises the cost of doing business, distorts the market, and hinders the growth and development of the industry. State governments justify the admission charge to defend their revenue, local merchants and producers, and market equilibrium They argue the entry tax applies to all things entering the state, regardless of purchase or delivery The entry tax is separate from any central tax and does not double tax Entrance tax case pending Alarger Supreme Court of India panel will consider various entry tax petitions This litigation affects India's digital economy, fiscal federalism, and e- commerce Knowing other nations' indirect tax systems and tax systems helped Indian legislators build the Indian Entry Tax structure July 2017 saw India's Entry Tax Before the Entry Tax, India had a convoluted tax system Indirect taxes were included Many products and services were taxed The Entry Tax aimed to boost India's economy and attract international investment Entry Tax promoted multinational investment State taxes scared off foreign investors .Their disinterest caused it Since July 2017, India has had a nationwide indirect tax called the Entry Tax India has two main entrance taxes CENTRY TAX refers to the State and Central Entry Taxes Tax collection is simple Federal Entry Tax funds go to the federal government, while state funds go to the state.

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ENTRY TAX, TAX REGIME, TAX STRUCTURE, DOUBLE TAX, STATE TAX, CENTRE TAX

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Third party insurance is a type of insurance that provides coverage to a person or entity who is not part of the insurance contract. It is commonly used in the context of automobile insurance, where it provides protection to other drivers, pedestrians, or property owners who may be harmed by the insured driver's actions. However, it is also used in other areas, such as liability insurance for businesses, professional liability insurance, and more. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to understanding third party insurance, including what it is, how it works, and why it is important. We will also discuss the different types of third party insurance, their coverage limits, and how they can be customised to suit individual needs. Finally, we will examine some common misconceptions about third party insurance and provide tips for choosing the right policy. Whether you are a driver, a business owner, or professional, unThird party insurance is a type of insurance that provides coverage to a person or entity who is not part of the insurance contract. It is commonly used in the context of automobile insurance, where it provides protection to other drivers, pedestrians, or property owners who may be harmed by the insured driver's actions. However, it is also used in other areas, such as liability insurance for businesses, professional liability insurance, and more. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to understanding third party insurance, including what it is, how it works, and why it is important. We will also discuss the different types of third party insurance, their coverage limits, and how they can be customised to suit individual needs. Finally, we will examine some common misconceptions about third party insurance and provide tips for choosing the right policy. Whether you are a driver, a business owner, or professional, understanding third party insurance is essential to protecting yourself and others from potential losses. By reading this article, you will gain a better understanding of this important type of insurance and be better equipped to make informed decisions about your coverage needs. distancing third party insurance is essential to protecting yourself and others from potential losses. By reading this article, you will gain a better understanding of this important type of insurance and be better equipped to make informed decisions about your coverage needs.

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Insurance, Protection, liability, Third party insurance, Policy, Coverage etc

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Nowadays, a lot of information can be obtained from both online and offline sources. We can access hundreds of documents for a topic. The ability to summarize or create popular topics allows users to quickly search for topics and get initial information as quickly as possible. Manually extracting useful information from them is a difficult task. To solve this problem automatic text summarization (ATS) systems were developed. Text summarization is the process of extracting important information from a large document and turning it into a summary, preserving all the important points. This abstract presents a novel approach using BART pre-trained model which is a large language model used widely for text generation tasks. The proposed system takes input a either a URL, Text or a file of any format. Automatic text summarization aims to produce a shortened version of a long text document while retaining its overall meaning. This has applications like summarizing news articles, research papers, reports, etc. There are two common approaches - extractive methods that identify and extract key sentences from the original text, and abstractive methods which paraphrase and generate new sentences. The proposed system takes input text, documents or URLs and returns a summary. It uses a pretrained BART model fine-tuned on the CNN-Daily Mail dataset. BART (Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformer) combines BERT and GPT architectures. It is a seq2seq model trained as a denoising autoencoder, taking text sequence input and output. Key advantages of BART include improved summary coherence and factual consistency. During training, the model learns to generate a summary given an input document. Current models can produce high quality summaries, but issues remain around coherence, repetition, and accuracy. Key challenges include improving faithfulness to the original text, avoiding repetition, and controlling summary length and style. Future directions involve multi-document summarization, controlled generation, better evaluation metrics, and performance on domain-specific datasets. Overall, text summarization continues to be an important application of NLP that helps condense information and enable quick access to key facts and context. The proposed BART-based system aims to leverage strengths in text generation and compression to improve summarization capabilities.

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: Text summarization, extractive text summarization, Abstractive Text summarization, Deep Learning, Natural Language processing, machine learning, Hugging Face, TensorFlow, Chunking, Web Scraping

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This paper is aimed to develop a system that can manage the event all over the globe. Nowadays organizing events like festivals, weddings, carnivals, etc. It is a major part of life. As time passes the number of customers and events is increasing day by day, which is difficult to manage using traditional systems using spreadsheets, traditional databases and more. To overcome this problem of managing of events using modern technology like Artificial intelligence, DDBMS, Web 3.0 services and so on. The new Event Tracking/ Management system can use these modern techs for managing and planning for customers and organizers. With the help of this technology, the distance between event organizers and event joiner has reduced and the cost for management team is also reduced. All the task such as registration, event listing, gallery management, venue selection, analytical dashboard at admin level, resource management also being done. It manages the crowd during the event and count the number of participants is there. Hence, there is a need of such advanced system which can handles all the task of its own. The event tracking / management system is a web-based event management system that provides the functionality of an event manager. The system different functionality to perform and having the separate interface at administration level and participation level. All the data is recorded in the database and the user is given a unique identity number for the booking of event.

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User, Admin, Event Management, Book, Database, Expert System, Web API, Framework, Language, network, Web services.

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Pain, an intricate facet of human physiology, results from a complex interplay of neuronal signals and psychological reactions. This review explores the physiological underpinnings and subjective nuances of pain, emphasizing its pivotal role in clinical practice and human health. Pain's multifaceted nature, shaped by personal experiences and cultural influences, poses challenges in understanding its expression. Within clinical settings, pain serves as a crucial diagnostic tool, necessitating comprehensive management strategies to address diverse patient needs. Amid escalating concerns over opioid misuse and associated risks, exploring non-opioid alternatives has garnered significant attention. This review aims to elucidate the disparities between opioid and non-opioid therapies, analyzing their respective mechanisms of action, efficacy, and adverse effects. Specifically, opioids, while efficacious in pain relief, are accompanied by a spectrum of adverse effects encompassing gastrointestinal, central nervous system, endocrine, urinary, cardiovascular, immunological, and dermatological domains. In contrast, non-opioids, including NSAIDs and acetaminophen, offer analgesic efficacy with differing side effect profiles. Through a comparative analysis, this review underscores the imperative for personalized pain management strategies tailored to individual patient needs.

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Pain, opioids, non-opioids, analgesia, adverse effects, personalized medicine

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Abstract: Qualitative analysis is the process of ensuring the quality of the drug. Every medicine should be standardized to improve the quality and consistency of the medicine. Currently in Siddha, many medicines like herbal, herbo-mineral formulation and animal products are being standardized. One of the Siddha medicines, Nilavagai chooranam is mentioned for many diseases like, flatulence (Vayutru porumal), vomiting (vaanthi), Hiccup (Vikkal), Peptic ulcer diseases (Gunmam) and etc. In this study qualitative analysis such as macroscopic appearance, physico-chemical analysis including total ash, loss on drying, acid insoluble ash, water and alcohol soluble extractive, pH value and heavy metal analysis were determined. Analysis of Nilavagai chooranam was based on PLIM guidelines. Physico-chemical analysis of chooranam reveals quality and purity of the drug and exhibited the presence of organic bioactive compounds including polyphenols, tannins, saponins and etc. Heavy metal analysis exhibited lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury is below detectable level. In future, this study will help for further preclinical and clinical evaluation of the drug to treat various health illnesses.

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Key words: Heavy metal analysis, Nilavagai chooranam, Physico-chemical analysis, Siddha literature, Standardization.

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Pisdium guajava is an important fruit crop and medicinal plant available in tropical areas like India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and south Africa. The leaves of guava plant have been studied for their health benefits. Plant contain important phytoconstituents such as tannins, flavonoid, pentacyclic triterpenoid: Saponins, lectins, oleanolic acid, etc. Various part of plant has been used in traditional medicine. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of this plant to exihibit antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, anti-spasmodic, cardioactive, anti-cough, antidiabetic, anti-plasmodic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, supporting its traditional use. The guava has a high source of vitamin C, A, iron, phosphorus and calcium and minerals. It contains high content of organic and inorganic compound like secondary metabolites eg. Antioxidants, polyphenols, antivirals compounds, anti-inflammatory compounds. The phenolic compound in guava help to cure cancerous cells and prevent skin aging before time.

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Pisdium guajava, phytochemicals, pharmacological activity, microscopical study, Taxonomy.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are rapidly developing in the big data world and are being used widespread in many aspects of life. Recently, WSN has also made very significant entry in the management of critical data safety, traffic monitoring, and climate change detection. wireless sensor networks provide a significant amount of data from several sensor-nodes in large-scale networks (WSNs), which are amongst the many potential datasets. This present paper portrays a detailed assessment of recent research on using WSN into large data systems Potential network and effective deployment. This paper contains the cutting-edge research reviews that will be helpful for future work in this area.

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Wireless sensor networks WSN Big data Sensor network

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The present study aims to study burnout in relation to organizational role stress among school teachers. The sample of the study was comprised of 100 teachers of Barnala and Mansa districts of Punjab. Descriptive analysis, Inferential Analysis & Correlation analysis was used for the present study. Teacher's Burnout scale (2017) by Madhu Gupta and Surekha Rani and Organizational Role Stress by Pareek (2005) was used as a research tool to collect data. The findings of the study revealed that there was no significant difference in terms of gender on organizational role stress and burnout. Further, the present study also revealed that there was positive and significant correlation between burnout and organizational role stress. The findings of the study will be beneficial for educationalists and policy makers.

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Burnout, Organizational Role Stress, School Teachers

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Advanced Graduate cum Post-Graduate Diploma In Bio-Eco-Bio BioEcological Sciences March 2024-May 2004 From Biogeosciences Research & Development For Admission in BSc In 2024

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Advanced Graduate cum Post-Graduate Diploma In Bio-Eco-Bio BioEcological Sciences March 2024-May 2004 From Biogeosciences Research & Development For Admission in BSc In 2024

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A multi-communication tracker is proposed to address limitations of conventional GPS devices in areas with poor GPRS signal. This tracker integrates GPS for location reporting, GPRS for data transmission, LoRa for long-range communication, and IoT for storing previous locations. LoRa, with a range of 20 km, enables communication with any device set to the same frequency, enhancing the chances of receiving help in remote locations. In scenarios where GPRS signals are unavailable, users can still communicate via LoRa. Additionally, IoT capabilities store users' previous locations, aiding rescuers in tracking their movements. The tracker will send data when vibration sensor and accelerometer sensor values are changed as per the instruction given. Furthermore, a camera module is considered to provide visual evidence of incidents. This comprehensive approach aims to enable individuals in distress to communicate effectively and receive timely assistance, particularly in rural or mountainous areas with limited connectivity.

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GPS Location, LoRa Communication, GPRS Communication, IoT, ESP32 Cam.

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Abstract World health organization prominence the necessity of quality and safety of herbal drugs and also it proposes guidelines for its standardization. Standardization assures the identity, determination of quality and purity of herbal formulation through its active or marker compounds. Phytochemical and physicochemical analysis of the polyherbal Siddha preparation, 'Pramega Prayogam chooranam' being used to treat renal calculi (Kalladaippu), Peptic ulcer (Gunmam), All types of leucorrhoea (All types of pramegangal) and etc. The powder of this formulation was subjected to physicochemical study such as Loss on drying, Total ash, Water soluble, Alcohol soluble, pH and preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts of Pramega Prayoga chooranam. These analytical specifications of standardization useful for further research works.

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Keywords: Pramega Prayogam, Siddha, Standardization, Physicochemical, Phytochemical.

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This research delves into addressing the crucial nutritional requirements of young female college students aged 17-21, emphasizing the vital role of calories in their diet. The study highlights the significance of incorporating millets and locally sourced foods to fulfill these dietary needs. Against the backdrop of the 'Year of Millets' declared in 2023, recognizing the nutritional richness of these grains, the research focuses on the development of a mathematical model. This model is designed to optimize the diet by considering proper nutrition as constraints while aiming to minimize overall costs. A numerical illustration is then presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

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LPP, diet decision, health care, Millets, Local food.

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The prospect of writing this review article is to present comprehensive information related to mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. The article has highlighted all the aspects of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems which will be helpful for researches and academics. The article includes detailed information about mucosa- the anatomy and physiology, the mechanisms and theories related to mucoadhesion, evaluation parameters of mucoadhesive dosage forms, mucoadhesive polymers and novel approaches related to mucoadhesive drug delivery system. The potential merits and demerits of mucoadhesive drug delivery as well as that of the polymers are also discussed.

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Mucoadhesion, theories of mucoadhesive mechanism of mucoadhesion, Route of mucoadesive drug, factor affecting mucoadesive, polymer.

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Postpartum Depression (PPD) poses a significant public health challenge, impacting maternal well-being and infant development. Despite growing awareness, PPD rates persist, necessitating proactive intervention strategies. This abstract explores the necessity of proactive measures in PPD prevention and management, emphasizing early identification, risk factor assessment, and tailored interventions.

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Postpartum Depression (PPD), maternal mental health, proactive measures, prevention, intervention, risk factors.

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Abstract: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), a prevalent food additive known for its ability to enhance savoury Flavors, has long been a subject of both culinary admiration and scientific scrutiny. This paper delves into the intricate chemistry of MSG and explores its dual nature as a savoury symphony and a potential silent culprit in the realm of food consumption. The investigation encompasses the molecular structure of MSG, its role in taste perception, and the physiological pathways through which it influences the human sensory experience. While MSG has been widely utilized to intensify the umami taste in various cuisines, concerns about its potential side effects have sparked debates and investigations. This paper meticulously examines the existing body of research on the adverse effects of MSG, encompassing topics such as headaches, nausea, and the controversial "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome." The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific understanding of MSG's impact on human health and to discern whether it is a benign flavour enhancer or harbours subtle risks. Additionally, the paper considers the regulatory landscape surrounding MSG, addressing global standards and permissible limits set by health organizations. By synthesizing information from scientific studies, culinary practices, and regulatory frameworks, this exploration seeks to offer a nuanced perspective on the multifaceted nature of MSG, inviting readers to ponder whether it is truly a savoury symphony or a silent culprit in the world of food additives.

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Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), a chemical compound renowned for its remarkable ability to intensify savoury flavours, has played a pivotal role in shaping the palatability of countless culinary creations worldwide. As a ubiquitous food additive, MSG is commonly employed to enhance the umami taste, contributing to the overall sensory appeal of various dishes. Despite its widespread use and acceptance, MSG has not been immune to controversy, with persistent concerns about its potential side effects l

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Primitive people learned the use of animal hair and fibres of certain plants and trees to cover their body. The animal hair and the vegetal fibers not only gave them better protection against the elements but these offered better mobility to them as well. The present exploratory study was carried out on the sustainable approach of making sturdy, warm and riveting pullahs (traditional footwears) with local plantation by Lahaula tribe of Lahaul & Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh. Craft of straw weaving started among these communities due to living in diverse climates and harsh terrains that have creatively responded to the challenges of their environment by transforming locally available natural fibers to create viable footwear to be worn as their prerequisite. This work aims to explore the techniques, and cultural importance of pullah among the Lahaula tribe. By delving into the materials, techniques, traditional uses, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by the craft, this study offers insights into the rich cultural heritage of the Lahaula tribe and their dedication to preserving this ancient art form.

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Lahauli pullah, traditional handicraft, straw weaving, Lahaula tribe, Himachal Pradesh

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