Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

ABSTRACT In a world shaped by the remnants of colonialism, women across diverse societies grapple with the complex interplay of postcolonial identity, racism, and resistance. This article unpacks the subtle and overt forms of racism, suppression and oppression in the selected texts that female characters grapple with. In the wake of postcolonial societies females fight with the complexities of identity formation amidst the persistent shadows of racism. By delving into narratives from the carefully chosen books we seek to unravel the layers of oppression, victimization, suppression and discrimination faced by the women. Through the lens of Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and Alice Walker's The Color Purple we will gain insights into the broader challenges faced by the women of marginalized and coloured communities in their quest for self-determination and cultural affirmation. The analysis of these selected books contributes to a profound comprehension of the enduring nature of women who defiantly fight against the constraints of a patriarchal society. Through the lens of these powerful narratives, we witness the indomitable spirit of female protagonists navigating the complexities of racism, postcolonial identity, and patriarchal oppression. Their stories serve as poignant reminders of the resilience inherent in women who confront systemic injustices, transcending societal expectations and reclaiming emancipation in the face of adversity.

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Postcolonial Identity, Racism, Oppression, Patriarchy, Resistance, Emancipation.

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In the healthcare sector, medical coding is a challenging and fluid task. For the purposes of insurance claims processing, medical research, billing, and healthcare management, accurate and efficient coding is crucial. The necessity for coders to find ways through complex coding systems, keep up with regular coding upgrades, and guarantee compliance with constantly shifting rules are the characteristics that define this difficulty. Furthermore, as healthcare systems become more digitized and expansive, there is an increasing need for qualified medical coders. This abstract draws attention to the complex issues surrounding medical coding and emphasizes the need for continual education and technical developments in order to properly handle these issues.

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MEDICAL CODING, CHALLENGES IN MEDICAL CODING, CHALLENGES FOR CODER

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Abstract Siddha system of medicine is the unique system of medicine which contains various medicines both Externally and Internally for treatment and management. Most of the traditional systems of medicine are effective but there is a lack of Standardization. So there is a need to develop standardization technique. Any drugs should be standardized before clinical use. The aim of this study to estimate quality of Kamalai Kiyazham (KK) by conducting physicochemical analysis and phytochemical analysis. physicochemical properties such as loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value and extractive values were carried out. The phytochemical properties such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, Saponins and glycosides were also carried out. The results obtained after physiochemical analysis of test drug showed 4.66 plus/minus 0.60% of Loss on drying at 105 dec C , 3.36 plus/minus 0.40 % of Total Ash, 0.058 plus/minus 0.011 % of Acid insoluble ash etc. The pH value of the drug 6.8 which is indicates it is acidic. The results obtained after preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides ,steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, tannins, saponins and sugar.. The present study provides the details physicochemical and phytochemical properties of kamalai kiyazham which are useful in laying down standardization and pharmacopeia parameters.This study was done based on Pharmacopoeial laboratory for Indian Medicine guidelines.

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Key words: Siddha medicine, kamalai kiyazham, Jaundice, Physicochemical analysis, phytochemical analysis.

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This study aimed to assess the stress level of teaching staffs in white memorial college of nursing,Attoor. 30 samples were selected and Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation technique was implemented , the study findings revealed that 13 samples ( 43.3%) had Moderate level of stress and 17 samples( 57%) were on mild level of stress. Hence it stated that Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation technique was effective on stress.

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Stress, Teaching staffs, Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation technique

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Vaginitis is the inflammation of the vagina characterized by abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, burning and pain. It is usually associated with an irritation or infection of vulva due to its close proximity to vagina. Vaginitis is a common complaint in women, accounting for 7% of all visits to gynaecologist and being the most common gynecologic problem encountered by primary care providers for women. The most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Bacterial vaginosis is implicated in 40% to 50% of cases when a cause is identified with vulvovaginal candidiasis accounting for 20% to 25% and trichomoniasis for 15% to 20% of cases. Common disease symptoms include vaginal itching, burning, pain and redness. Often, they are accompanied by vaginal discharge consisting of sloughed epithelium, immune cells, yeast and vaginal fluids. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the most prevalent human candida infection, estimated to afflict approximately 75% of all women at least once in their lifetime. A 32-year-old married female patient presented to the outpatient department (OPD) with complaints of increased vaginal discharge with vulvar itching and burning for the past 10 months. Vaginitis is an inflammatory process involving the vagina, expanding often to the contiguous anatomical structure (cervix and vulva). Vaginal candidiasis is the most common and aren't usually serious. It can be corelated to Pittaja Yoniyapad based on its Lakshanas. Conclusion: Guduchyadi Kwath Yoni Prachhalana showed significant changes in the management of vaginitis with the reduction of katishoola, yoni Kandu, Consistency of the Srava and Srava pramana, Vaginal pH after the treatment.

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Vaginitis, Micro-organisms, Guduchyadi Kwath Yoni Prakshalan, Case report

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Computer-aided diagnosis, Lung nodule, Computed Tomography

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The growth rate of digital market in India is very high. To survive in competitive and globalized market many companies are using digital marketing to promote their product. Social media is the main contributor in the growth of digital market in India. People spend most of their time on social media and internet surfing. It has become very easy to connect with social media using mobile phone. 467.0 million Indians used social media in January 2023, making up 32.8 percent of the country's total population. This paper studies how the consumer buying behavior is shifting to digital/online mode in continuously and rapid growing world of digital channel.

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Digital Marketing, Social Media, Product, Customer Buying Behavior

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This research paper delves into the imperative need for strengthening the legal framework safeguarding women in India through comprehensive criminal law reforms. The current state of women's safety in the country has become a focal point of national discourse, necessitating a critical examination of existing laws and the identification of gaps that hinder effective protection. The study employs a multidimensional approach, considering legal, social, and cultural aspects that contribute to the pervasive challenges faced by women. The research commences by providing an overview of the prevailing situation, highlighting the alarming rates of crimes against women and the glaring inadequacies in the existing legal provisions. The analysis underscores the urgency for a robust legal apparatus capable of addressing the diverse forms of violence and discrimination faced by women in different spheres of life. The research work focuses on a detailed comparative examination of the current legal framework governing crimes against women in India and the new laws enacted by the parliament repealing the existing criminal laws. This includes an in-depth review of provisions related to rape, domestic violence, harassment, and other gender-based offenses. The study evaluates the strengths, weaknesses and improvements suggested under the new laws, shedding light on the gaps that permit impunity and hinder justice for victims. Special attention is given to the challenges faced by marginalized and vulnerable groups of women who often bear the brunt of gender-based violence. Furthermore, the paper explores international best practices and comparative legal frameworks to draw insights into effective legislative measures adopted by other nations to protect women. By synthesizing these global perspectives, the research aims to propose comprehensive reforms tailored to the unique socio-cultural context of India. The role of law enforcement agencies, judiciary, and support services in ensuring the effective implementation of legal reforms is also scrutinized. The study emphasizes the importance of sensitizing these institutions to gender issues, providing specialized training, and establishing mechanisms for swift and fair adjudication of cases related to crimes against women. In addition, the research tries to addresses the need for proactive measures in changing societal attitudes and fostering a culture of respect for women's rights. Community engagement, awareness campaigns, and educational initiatives are suggested as essential components in the holistic approach towards women's safety. The research methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of laws in India, landmark legal cases, and legislative measures aimed at promoting safety and ensuring protection of women in India. By employing a comparative lens, the study aims to assess the extent to which India's criminal law reforms improves and aligns with global benchmarks. In conclusion, the research paper advocates for a comprehensive overhaul of the legal framework concerning crimes against women in India. The proposed reforms aim to bridge existing gaps, strengthen enforcement mechanisms, and foster a societal shift towards gender equality. By aligning the legal system with international best practices and addressing socio-cultural challenges, the research envisions a future where women can live free from the pervasive threat of violence, secure in the knowledge that the law stands as a steadfast protector of their rights and dignity.

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Criminal Laws, Law Reform, Socio-cultural, Challenges, Protector, proactive, Empowerment, Safety, Domestic Violence, Marital Rape, Awareness, Global Benchmark.

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Workplace conditions that negatively impact both individual performance and organizational productivity are the main cause of job stress. In order to better understand the signs and causes of work-related stress among information technology Employees in Tamilnadu, a quantitative research approach was applied in this study. One-sample t-test was utilized for data analysis after 100 information technology professionals completed a multiple-choice questionnaire. Based on a series of interviews with academicians and software experts, managerial implications for reducing job stress were created. According to the study, time-related stressors are the main cause of work-related stress in information technology workers, who also exhibit moderate levels of stress symptoms like headaches, tension, and aggression.

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job stress, IT employees, information technology, work load, work life

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Software job is a stressful job. It is difficult to say what factors contribute to this stress, because job stress may be caused by a complex set of reasons. Some of the most visible factors of job stress are Work Stressors, Role Stressors, Personal development stressors, Interpersonal relation Stressors and Organizational climate Stressors. The present study investigates factors that contributed to stress and relations among the stress factors of software professionals. An analysis of 100 professionals serving different software companies was carried out. The gathered data was analyzed using various analyses. The study reveals that the organisational climate with all other stressors and that the software professionals are much concerned of accommodating themselves to different roles in performing the work assigned.

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work stress, software employees, organization, climate, regression analysis.

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Entrepreneurship practices in rural India have gained in popularity in recent years as people and communities seek possibilities to improve the quality of their lives. Unlike urban entrepreneurship, which is driven largely by the desire to create an innovative product or service, rural entrepreneurship is driven mostly by the need to solve challenges that are particular to these areas. Rural entrepreneurs have been highlighted as essential drivers of economic growth and development in India, and their contributions have grown in relevance in recent years. A number of factors influence entrepreneurship activities in rural India, including access to resources, infrastructure, and social networks. Rural entrepreneurs sometimes rely significantly on their social networks to launch and expand their firms because they have few resources and infrastructure. The usage of modern technologies has also become an important aspect of rural India's entrepreneurship activities. The use of modern technologies, such as mobile phones and online marketplaces, has provided rural entrepreneurs with better access to larger markets and enhanced transparency in economic transactions. In rural India, there are a number of prominent entrepreneurship techniques. One of the most notable is agricultural entrepreneurship. Indian farmers with small land holdings have been utilizing innovations in agriculture to increase productivity and efficiency. This includes the use of modern seeds, mechanization, and other techniques that reduce crop losses and improve farm yields. Another trend in rural entrepreneurship is social entrepreneurship. Rural entrepreneurs have created businesses that solve societal challenges such as education, health, sanitation, and environmental sustainability. These businesses usually have a triple bottom line, which means they strive for financial, social, and environmental sustainability. The Indian government has also contributed to promoting rural entrepreneurship. A number of government initiatives offer financial aid, training, and other resources to rural entrepreneurs. These programs include the Start-up village entrepreneurship programme and the Scheme of fund for regeneration of traditional industries (SFURTI).

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Entrepreneurship, Rural India, Challenges, Infrastructure.

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A new, simple, fast and reliable zero order spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of Venlafaxine HCL in Bulk and Tablet formulation. The quantitative determination of drug was carried out using the zero order values (absorbance) measured at 225 nm. Calibration graph constructed at 225 nm was linear in concentration range of 5-30 ?g/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999. The method was found to be precise, accurate, specific, and validated as per ICH guidelines and can be used for determination of Venlafaxine HCL in Tablet formulation

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Venlafaxine HCL, Zero Order, AUC, Validation.

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In the current global financial landscape, white collar crime has become a prevalent and intricate concern, especially when it comes to money laundering. The purpose of this abstract is to give a succinct summary of the complex relationship between money laundering and white-collar crime, examining the motivations, methods, and outcomes of these illegal acts. Money laundering is the process of hiding the source of monies gained unlawfully in order to make them appear legitimate. It is a crucial aspect of white-collar crime the security and integrity of financial systems around the world are seriously threatened by this phenomenon, which presents difficulties for financial institutions, law enforcement, and regulatory organisations. This abstract explores the major elements that support the mutually beneficial link between money laundering and white-collar crime, emphasising the role that globalisation, technology, and financial innovation play in enabling illicit financial transactions. Additionally, it looks at the reasons why people and companies engage in money laundering, which can include anything from the desire to hide illicit gains to dodging taxes and penalties the consequences of money laundering within the realm of white-collar crime are far-reaching, impacting economic stability, national security, and the overall trust in financial institutions. The abstract discusses the challenges faced by authorities in detecting and preventing these crimes, emphasizing the need for international cooperation, enhanced regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements in financial surveillance through comprehension of the complex dynamics involved and the implementation of efficacious preventive measures, society may attenuate the deleterious consequences of these illicit activities, so preserving the integrity of financial systems and advancing a global economy that is both transparent and accountable.

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White Collar Crime, Money Laundering, National Security, Global Economy, financial illicit activities.

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The invent of AI or Artificial Intelligence has maybe brought the world closer and people interaction with social media have resulted in the increasing cases of sexual offences. Metaverse is something which one cannot define in a single definition. This is still a vague concept which needs more definition. Before one step into the ambit of sexual offences taking place in the metaverse, one must need to understand the ambit of Metaverse affecting our life, as to how Metaverse can include everything around us within itself. It feels just like another version of the Internet but now it can be better called as "an integrated network of 3D virtual worlds" With the advent of the Metaverse, the virtual reality has become a camouflaged ban amidst the boon to the society. Metaverse is increasing connectedness, and destroying the spatial barriers and opening avenues of equalness for its customers. But the negative impact of such usage is when the Metaverse becomes their "reality" in the real world. Research has shown that the Metaverse has the capacity greater than online portals to facilitate cyber bullying and sexual harassments of users. The present study will be delving more into the aspects of sexual harassment and cyberbullying of users using the metaverse and how this booming sector is bringing in more convoluted challenges for the legislatures.

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KEYWORDS: Metaverse, Sexual, Harassment, Virtual, Women and Children.

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Democracy and Development and human rights successful only if the government is able to provide justice. The main objective of criminal rules is to prevent and control crime protect the right of victims against criminal activity. This is also an important obligation of a state by constitution of India. In this world crime is a huge problem. The criminal action also affects the social order. If a person does an act which is prohibited by state or welfare society, is called culprit and the aggrieved party is known as victim. So, victim is one who do nothing but suffer a lot by other wrong job. The term "VICTIMOLOGY" was coined way back in 1947 by a French lawyer, Benjamin Mendelsohn by combining a Latin word "VICTIMA" with the Greek word "LOGOS". To give a general understanding victimology is a, "study of crime from the perspective of the victim, who constitute persons suffering from injury or destruction by an act of another person/group of persons." The new dictionary of Hebrew Language cites the meaning of victim as a 'self-sacrificing individual', 'a person dead in an accident or in a public mishap', 'a victim of war', 'a victim of the liberation movements', 'the victim of an attack', 'a sufferer', 'the victim of a swindle', 'the victim of a daring and hazardous deed, performed voluntarily without thought of reward'. In broader sense a victim is 'a person who suffers by the fault of another or by his own fault'. The court is always considered to be the temple of justice. The court vindicates the rights of victims against any oppression. The term "court" is wider sense. The court protect the dignity of accused, witness, victims in the court proceedings. All the persons in judicial system play important role in the proceeding. Many people do not know what their rights are. That is why it is said that: "Give every other human being every right that you claim for yourself." - Robert Ingersoll

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Victim, Compensation, Relief, Judicial system, Criminal Law

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Eco-tourism and sustainable practices will increase positive impacts to visitors and the local community. It is a revolutionary way for improving the quality of life through increased socio-economic well-being and improved natural resource management. Eco-tourism is a new way to develop a resource-efficient, cleaner and stronger sustainable development. The paper describes the positive impacts of ecotourism initiatives in environmental sustainability and climate change. The case study focuses on providing better understandings into the existing ecotourism initiatives in Uttar Pradesh. By including the green growth concept with tourism helps to address the gaps of sustainable development. The research adopted is qualitative research methodology to collect data from the ecotourism stakeholder's through participant observation and interviews. This aims to assimilate the tourism industry with green growth concept to minimize the negative impacts of tourism development on the environment. Eco-tourism is a kind of conscious travel because one of its main goals is to reach closer to nature, know about environmental issues, and find out how we can protect natural diversity. Being away from own civilization and the usual comfort, tourists reconsider their values to find inner harmony and learn more about the culture of the people who reside there. Ecotourism is a unique opportunity to escape civilization and test your strength. This exhaustive study has been undertaken to do explore the ecotourism regions of Uttar Pradesh. In agricultural countries eco-tourism is a significant industry. Eco-tourism is "Responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment and improves the well-being of local people."(TIES, 1990)

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Ecotourism, sustainable development, environmental sustainability, climate change

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India is one of the world's fastest-growing e-commerce marketplaces, worth $120 billion in 2020 the Indian legal framework, notably taxes, presents several hurdles and uncertainties for the e-commerce business some states charge entrance taxes on internet purchases from other jurisdictions, Entry taxes are indirect taxes on items entering a local region for consumption, use, or sale The tax rate and application varies per state, from 05 percent to 15% The state collects entrance tax from e commerce enterprises or their logistical partners during delivery. E-commerce enterprises must register with the state and report transactions periodically Several e-commerce enterprises and industry organisations have challenged the entrance tax in court, arguing that it breaches the constitutional values of free trade, non-discrimination, and tax harmonization E-commerce companies claim that the entry tax double taxes them and their customers, raises the cost of doing business, distorts the market, and hinders the growth and development of the industry. State governments justify the admission charge to defend their revenue, local merchants and producers, and market equilibrium They argue the entry tax applies to all things entering the state, regardless of purchase or delivery The entry tax is separate from any central tax and does not double tax Entrance tax case pending Alarger Supreme Court of India panel will consider various entry tax petitions This litigation affects India's digital economy, fiscal federalism, and e- commerce Knowing other nations' indirect tax systems and tax systems helped Indian legislators build the Indian Entry Tax structure July 2017 saw India's Entry Tax Before the Entry Tax, India had a convoluted tax system Indirect taxes were included Many products and services were taxed The Entry Tax aimed to boost India's economy and attract international investment Entry Tax promoted multinational investment State taxes scared off foreign investors .Their disinterest caused it Since July 2017, India has had a nationwide indirect tax called the Entry Tax India has two main entrance taxes CENTRY TAX refers to the State and Central Entry Taxes Tax collection is simple Federal Entry Tax funds go to the federal government, while state funds go to the state.

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ENTRY TAX, TAX REGIME, TAX STRUCTURE, DOUBLE TAX, STATE TAX, CENTRE TAX

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Third party insurance is a type of insurance that provides coverage to a person or entity who is not part of the insurance contract. It is commonly used in the context of automobile insurance, where it provides protection to other drivers, pedestrians, or property owners who may be harmed by the insured driver's actions. However, it is also used in other areas, such as liability insurance for businesses, professional liability insurance, and more. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to understanding third party insurance, including what it is, how it works, and why it is important. We will also discuss the different types of third party insurance, their coverage limits, and how they can be customised to suit individual needs. Finally, we will examine some common misconceptions about third party insurance and provide tips for choosing the right policy. Whether you are a driver, a business owner, or professional, unThird party insurance is a type of insurance that provides coverage to a person or entity who is not part of the insurance contract. It is commonly used in the context of automobile insurance, where it provides protection to other drivers, pedestrians, or property owners who may be harmed by the insured driver's actions. However, it is also used in other areas, such as liability insurance for businesses, professional liability insurance, and more. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to understanding third party insurance, including what it is, how it works, and why it is important. We will also discuss the different types of third party insurance, their coverage limits, and how they can be customised to suit individual needs. Finally, we will examine some common misconceptions about third party insurance and provide tips for choosing the right policy. Whether you are a driver, a business owner, or professional, understanding third party insurance is essential to protecting yourself and others from potential losses. By reading this article, you will gain a better understanding of this important type of insurance and be better equipped to make informed decisions about your coverage needs. distancing third party insurance is essential to protecting yourself and others from potential losses. By reading this article, you will gain a better understanding of this important type of insurance and be better equipped to make informed decisions about your coverage needs.

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Insurance, Protection, liability, Third party insurance, Policy, Coverage etc

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Nowadays, a lot of information can be obtained from both online and offline sources. We can access hundreds of documents for a topic. The ability to summarize or create popular topics allows users to quickly search for topics and get initial information as quickly as possible. Manually extracting useful information from them is a difficult task. To solve this problem automatic text summarization (ATS) systems were developed. Text summarization is the process of extracting important information from a large document and turning it into a summary, preserving all the important points. This abstract presents a novel approach using BART pre-trained model which is a large language model used widely for text generation tasks. The proposed system takes input a either a URL, Text or a file of any format. Automatic text summarization aims to produce a shortened version of a long text document while retaining its overall meaning. This has applications like summarizing news articles, research papers, reports, etc. There are two common approaches - extractive methods that identify and extract key sentences from the original text, and abstractive methods which paraphrase and generate new sentences. The proposed system takes input text, documents or URLs and returns a summary. It uses a pretrained BART model fine-tuned on the CNN-Daily Mail dataset. BART (Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformer) combines BERT and GPT architectures. It is a seq2seq model trained as a denoising autoencoder, taking text sequence input and output. Key advantages of BART include improved summary coherence and factual consistency. During training, the model learns to generate a summary given an input document. Current models can produce high quality summaries, but issues remain around coherence, repetition, and accuracy. Key challenges include improving faithfulness to the original text, avoiding repetition, and controlling summary length and style. Future directions involve multi-document summarization, controlled generation, better evaluation metrics, and performance on domain-specific datasets. Overall, text summarization continues to be an important application of NLP that helps condense information and enable quick access to key facts and context. The proposed BART-based system aims to leverage strengths in text generation and compression to improve summarization capabilities.

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: Text summarization, extractive text summarization, Abstractive Text summarization, Deep Learning, Natural Language processing, machine learning, Hugging Face, TensorFlow, Chunking, Web Scraping

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