Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Even though Indian constitution features for a federal government, due to the changes that happened over decades to various provisions in the constitution, there posed some danger to this definition and is disrupting its functioning. This paper mainly deals with emergency provisions enshrined in the Indian constitution .It looks into the impact of emergency provision on the federal structure of the government and its effect on the state autonomy. The centralizing tendency of the emergency provisions of the Indian constitution is mainly being looked into by this paper and it goes through the constitutional foundation that is established by the makers of the constitution that provided the government with some extraordinary power in order to deal with the situations arising during the time of any crisis. Moreover, it also looks into the potential threats posed by this emergency provisions and the misuse of these provisions by the executive and its effect on the national integrity, individual liberty and balance of the power between the centre and state. The paper also delves into the new safeguards to prevent the misuse of the provision relating to emergency has been brought under the constitution by the 44th amendment of the Indian Constitution. It discusses the situation prior to 44th amendment and also the current situation which ensures the prevention of misuse. Through this paper, it identifies the instances of misuse of the emergency provisions and also the instances where these power has been exercised for the political advantage instead of looking into the and addressing the danger posed to the nation. This paper also explores into various judicial pronouncements and the judicial perspective towards this matter. It also looks into the justiciability of the proclamation of emergency by the president that whether the order passed by the president by declaring emergency can be subjected to judicial review of the court. This paper also realizes the essentiality of the checks and balances system so that there will be no abuse of these powers.

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Emergency , federalism , misuse of power , safeguards , judicial review

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Medicinal plants are essential to maintaining a healthy, disease-free human life. The food and lifestyle of the common person have changed drastically in recent years,which leads to various diseases formation in human body. Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia) commonly known as Indian Madder. The herb has been classified by the Acharya Charaka in varnya mahakashaya (for the enhancement of skin complexion), jwarahara mahakashaya(anti-pyretic), and vishaghna mahakashaya(a detoxifier). Acharya Sushruta has mentioned manjishtha as pittasamshamana (which pacifies the pitta dosha). According to Ayurveda, a person can only be in excellent health when their three life energies, or doshas, which make up each person's constitution, are properly balanced. Vata, Pitta, and Kapha are the three doshas, and any imbalance leads to sickness. Manjishtha can successfully balance out imbalances of the Pitta dosha. The phytochemical constituents like anthraquinones, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins etc. were found as a major constituent in this plant. The amazing benefits of Rubia cordifolia to treat a number of diseases, such as acne, enterocolitis, cancer, diabetes, bacterial infection, Alzheimer's, inflammation are described in the literature. The information on synonyms, microscopic and macroscopic, applications, pharmacological activities, and the chemical constituents of Manjishtha is presented in this review article.

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Indian madder, Acne, Medicinal plant, Varnya, Ras panchak, Vyang Traditional therapeutic use, Antimicrobial.

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 Abstract

buddh k pramukh darshanik sidhant me ishwervad ki avdharn

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buddh k pramukh darshanik sidhant me ishwervad ki avdharn

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This work is a tribute to the ideas of Gandhi especially on Nai Taleem and how craft-based education was more than just an economic pursuit. Giving arguments to justify the importance of craft in Education, this article tends to highlight important aspects of the Nai Taleem and how this can help in the contemporary times.

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craft-based education, Nai Taleem, Hind Swaraj.

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The application of cellular lightweight concrete block in civil engineering suggest the best solution to the construction of building in the construction industry.CLC block makes the structure lightweight, strong, and thermally insulating. It gives the better solution to reduce the dead weight of the building. The idea about of density and ratio by which CLC may distinguish according to IS-2185(PART-4)2008. This study objective to explore the possibilitie: of using CLC block sustainable and cost-effective. By replacing cement in varying proportion this project aims to achieve to makes lightweight, durable, and Environment friendly.

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cement, stone dust, fly ash, water, foaming agent.

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Kamala is widely described in Samhita as an independent disease or as a type of Pandu. It is also described as Pittaja-nanatmaja and Raktapradoshaj vyadhi. According to Acharya Charaka Kamala is an advanced stage of Pandu-roga, Sushrutachya considered Kamala as separate disease and also may occur due to complication of Pandu-roga, whereas Vagbhatacharya described Kamala has an individual disease pathology than Panduroga. According to modern science it can be correlated with jaundice on the basis of symptoms like yellowish discoloration of skin, sclera, urine, stool. The main aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy person and to cure the disease of the patients. For that Ayurveda has given importance to diet and regimen as a part of Chikitsa. Pathya is defined as the substance or regime which do not adversely affect the body and mind and those which adversely affect them are Apathya. Because of this, there is a need to focus on Pathya-Apathya for disease Kamala.

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Kamala, Jaundice, Pathya, Apathya , Jaundice dietary management by Ayurveda

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ABSTRACT In a world shaped by the remnants of colonialism, women across diverse societies grapple with the complex interplay of postcolonial identity, racism, and resistance. This article unpacks the subtle and overt forms of racism, suppression and oppression in the selected texts that female characters grapple with. In the wake of postcolonial societies females fight with the complexities of identity formation amidst the persistent shadows of racism. By delving into narratives from the carefully chosen books we seek to unravel the layers of oppression, victimization, suppression and discrimination faced by the women. Through the lens of Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and Alice Walker's The Color Purple we will gain insights into the broader challenges faced by the women of marginalized and coloured communities in their quest for self-determination and cultural affirmation. The analysis of these selected books contributes to a profound comprehension of the enduring nature of women who defiantly fight against the constraints of a patriarchal society. Through the lens of these powerful narratives, we witness the indomitable spirit of female protagonists navigating the complexities of racism, postcolonial identity, and patriarchal oppression. Their stories serve as poignant reminders of the resilience inherent in women who confront systemic injustices, transcending societal expectations and reclaiming emancipation in the face of adversity.

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Postcolonial Identity, Racism, Oppression, Patriarchy, Resistance, Emancipation.

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??????? ????,??????,?????? ,????, ???????

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In the healthcare sector, medical coding is a challenging and fluid task. For the purposes of insurance claims processing, medical research, billing, and healthcare management, accurate and efficient coding is crucial. The necessity for coders to find ways through complex coding systems, keep up with regular coding upgrades, and guarantee compliance with constantly shifting rules are the characteristics that define this difficulty. Furthermore, as healthcare systems become more digitized and expansive, there is an increasing need for qualified medical coders. This abstract draws attention to the complex issues surrounding medical coding and emphasizes the need for continual education and technical developments in order to properly handle these issues.

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MEDICAL CODING, CHALLENGES IN MEDICAL CODING, CHALLENGES FOR CODER

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Abstract Siddha system of medicine is the unique system of medicine which contains various medicines both Externally and Internally for treatment and management. Most of the traditional systems of medicine are effective but there is a lack of Standardization. So there is a need to develop standardization technique. Any drugs should be standardized before clinical use. The aim of this study to estimate quality of Kamalai Kiyazham (KK) by conducting physicochemical analysis and phytochemical analysis. physicochemical properties such as loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value and extractive values were carried out. The phytochemical properties such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, Saponins and glycosides were also carried out. The results obtained after physiochemical analysis of test drug showed 4.66 plus/minus 0.60% of Loss on drying at 105 dec C , 3.36 plus/minus 0.40 % of Total Ash, 0.058 plus/minus 0.011 % of Acid insoluble ash etc. The pH value of the drug 6.8 which is indicates it is acidic. The results obtained after preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides ,steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, tannins, saponins and sugar.. The present study provides the details physicochemical and phytochemical properties of kamalai kiyazham which are useful in laying down standardization and pharmacopeia parameters.This study was done based on Pharmacopoeial laboratory for Indian Medicine guidelines.

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Key words: Siddha medicine, kamalai kiyazham, Jaundice, Physicochemical analysis, phytochemical analysis.

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This study aimed to assess the stress level of teaching staffs in white memorial college of nursing,Attoor. 30 samples were selected and Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation technique was implemented , the study findings revealed that 13 samples ( 43.3%) had Moderate level of stress and 17 samples( 57%) were on mild level of stress. Hence it stated that Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation technique was effective on stress.

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Stress, Teaching staffs, Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation technique

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Vaginitis is the inflammation of the vagina characterized by abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, burning and pain. It is usually associated with an irritation or infection of vulva due to its close proximity to vagina. Vaginitis is a common complaint in women, accounting for 7% of all visits to gynaecologist and being the most common gynecologic problem encountered by primary care providers for women. The most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Bacterial vaginosis is implicated in 40% to 50% of cases when a cause is identified with vulvovaginal candidiasis accounting for 20% to 25% and trichomoniasis for 15% to 20% of cases. Common disease symptoms include vaginal itching, burning, pain and redness. Often, they are accompanied by vaginal discharge consisting of sloughed epithelium, immune cells, yeast and vaginal fluids. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the most prevalent human candida infection, estimated to afflict approximately 75% of all women at least once in their lifetime. A 32-year-old married female patient presented to the outpatient department (OPD) with complaints of increased vaginal discharge with vulvar itching and burning for the past 10 months. Vaginitis is an inflammatory process involving the vagina, expanding often to the contiguous anatomical structure (cervix and vulva). Vaginal candidiasis is the most common and aren't usually serious. It can be corelated to Pittaja Yoniyapad based on its Lakshanas. Conclusion: Guduchyadi Kwath Yoni Prachhalana showed significant changes in the management of vaginitis with the reduction of katishoola, yoni Kandu, Consistency of the Srava and Srava pramana, Vaginal pH after the treatment.

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Vaginitis, Micro-organisms, Guduchyadi Kwath Yoni Prakshalan, Case report

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Computer-aided diagnosis, Lung nodule, Computed Tomography

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The growth rate of digital market in India is very high. To survive in competitive and globalized market many companies are using digital marketing to promote their product. Social media is the main contributor in the growth of digital market in India. People spend most of their time on social media and internet surfing. It has become very easy to connect with social media using mobile phone. 467.0 million Indians used social media in January 2023, making up 32.8 percent of the country's total population. This paper studies how the consumer buying behavior is shifting to digital/online mode in continuously and rapid growing world of digital channel.

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Digital Marketing, Social Media, Product, Customer Buying Behavior

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This research paper delves into the imperative need for strengthening the legal framework safeguarding women in India through comprehensive criminal law reforms. The current state of women's safety in the country has become a focal point of national discourse, necessitating a critical examination of existing laws and the identification of gaps that hinder effective protection. The study employs a multidimensional approach, considering legal, social, and cultural aspects that contribute to the pervasive challenges faced by women. The research commences by providing an overview of the prevailing situation, highlighting the alarming rates of crimes against women and the glaring inadequacies in the existing legal provisions. The analysis underscores the urgency for a robust legal apparatus capable of addressing the diverse forms of violence and discrimination faced by women in different spheres of life. The research work focuses on a detailed comparative examination of the current legal framework governing crimes against women in India and the new laws enacted by the parliament repealing the existing criminal laws. This includes an in-depth review of provisions related to rape, domestic violence, harassment, and other gender-based offenses. The study evaluates the strengths, weaknesses and improvements suggested under the new laws, shedding light on the gaps that permit impunity and hinder justice for victims. Special attention is given to the challenges faced by marginalized and vulnerable groups of women who often bear the brunt of gender-based violence. Furthermore, the paper explores international best practices and comparative legal frameworks to draw insights into effective legislative measures adopted by other nations to protect women. By synthesizing these global perspectives, the research aims to propose comprehensive reforms tailored to the unique socio-cultural context of India. The role of law enforcement agencies, judiciary, and support services in ensuring the effective implementation of legal reforms is also scrutinized. The study emphasizes the importance of sensitizing these institutions to gender issues, providing specialized training, and establishing mechanisms for swift and fair adjudication of cases related to crimes against women. In addition, the research tries to addresses the need for proactive measures in changing societal attitudes and fostering a culture of respect for women's rights. Community engagement, awareness campaigns, and educational initiatives are suggested as essential components in the holistic approach towards women's safety. The research methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of laws in India, landmark legal cases, and legislative measures aimed at promoting safety and ensuring protection of women in India. By employing a comparative lens, the study aims to assess the extent to which India's criminal law reforms improves and aligns with global benchmarks. In conclusion, the research paper advocates for a comprehensive overhaul of the legal framework concerning crimes against women in India. The proposed reforms aim to bridge existing gaps, strengthen enforcement mechanisms, and foster a societal shift towards gender equality. By aligning the legal system with international best practices and addressing socio-cultural challenges, the research envisions a future where women can live free from the pervasive threat of violence, secure in the knowledge that the law stands as a steadfast protector of their rights and dignity.

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Criminal Laws, Law Reform, Socio-cultural, Challenges, Protector, proactive, Empowerment, Safety, Domestic Violence, Marital Rape, Awareness, Global Benchmark.

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Workplace conditions that negatively impact both individual performance and organizational productivity are the main cause of job stress. In order to better understand the signs and causes of work-related stress among information technology Employees in Tamilnadu, a quantitative research approach was applied in this study. One-sample t-test was utilized for data analysis after 100 information technology professionals completed a multiple-choice questionnaire. Based on a series of interviews with academicians and software experts, managerial implications for reducing job stress were created. According to the study, time-related stressors are the main cause of work-related stress in information technology workers, who also exhibit moderate levels of stress symptoms like headaches, tension, and aggression.

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job stress, IT employees, information technology, work load, work life

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Software job is a stressful job. It is difficult to say what factors contribute to this stress, because job stress may be caused by a complex set of reasons. Some of the most visible factors of job stress are Work Stressors, Role Stressors, Personal development stressors, Interpersonal relation Stressors and Organizational climate Stressors. The present study investigates factors that contributed to stress and relations among the stress factors of software professionals. An analysis of 100 professionals serving different software companies was carried out. The gathered data was analyzed using various analyses. The study reveals that the organisational climate with all other stressors and that the software professionals are much concerned of accommodating themselves to different roles in performing the work assigned.

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work stress, software employees, organization, climate, regression analysis.

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Entrepreneurship practices in rural India have gained in popularity in recent years as people and communities seek possibilities to improve the quality of their lives. Unlike urban entrepreneurship, which is driven largely by the desire to create an innovative product or service, rural entrepreneurship is driven mostly by the need to solve challenges that are particular to these areas. Rural entrepreneurs have been highlighted as essential drivers of economic growth and development in India, and their contributions have grown in relevance in recent years. A number of factors influence entrepreneurship activities in rural India, including access to resources, infrastructure, and social networks. Rural entrepreneurs sometimes rely significantly on their social networks to launch and expand their firms because they have few resources and infrastructure. The usage of modern technologies has also become an important aspect of rural India's entrepreneurship activities. The use of modern technologies, such as mobile phones and online marketplaces, has provided rural entrepreneurs with better access to larger markets and enhanced transparency in economic transactions. In rural India, there are a number of prominent entrepreneurship techniques. One of the most notable is agricultural entrepreneurship. Indian farmers with small land holdings have been utilizing innovations in agriculture to increase productivity and efficiency. This includes the use of modern seeds, mechanization, and other techniques that reduce crop losses and improve farm yields. Another trend in rural entrepreneurship is social entrepreneurship. Rural entrepreneurs have created businesses that solve societal challenges such as education, health, sanitation, and environmental sustainability. These businesses usually have a triple bottom line, which means they strive for financial, social, and environmental sustainability. The Indian government has also contributed to promoting rural entrepreneurship. A number of government initiatives offer financial aid, training, and other resources to rural entrepreneurs. These programs include the Start-up village entrepreneurship programme and the Scheme of fund for regeneration of traditional industries (SFURTI).

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Entrepreneurship, Rural India, Challenges, Infrastructure.

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A new, simple, fast and reliable zero order spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of Venlafaxine HCL in Bulk and Tablet formulation. The quantitative determination of drug was carried out using the zero order values (absorbance) measured at 225 nm. Calibration graph constructed at 225 nm was linear in concentration range of 5-30 ?g/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999. The method was found to be precise, accurate, specific, and validated as per ICH guidelines and can be used for determination of Venlafaxine HCL in Tablet formulation

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Venlafaxine HCL, Zero Order, AUC, Validation.

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In the current global financial landscape, white collar crime has become a prevalent and intricate concern, especially when it comes to money laundering. The purpose of this abstract is to give a succinct summary of the complex relationship between money laundering and white-collar crime, examining the motivations, methods, and outcomes of these illegal acts. Money laundering is the process of hiding the source of monies gained unlawfully in order to make them appear legitimate. It is a crucial aspect of white-collar crime the security and integrity of financial systems around the world are seriously threatened by this phenomenon, which presents difficulties for financial institutions, law enforcement, and regulatory organisations. This abstract explores the major elements that support the mutually beneficial link between money laundering and white-collar crime, emphasising the role that globalisation, technology, and financial innovation play in enabling illicit financial transactions. Additionally, it looks at the reasons why people and companies engage in money laundering, which can include anything from the desire to hide illicit gains to dodging taxes and penalties the consequences of money laundering within the realm of white-collar crime are far-reaching, impacting economic stability, national security, and the overall trust in financial institutions. The abstract discusses the challenges faced by authorities in detecting and preventing these crimes, emphasizing the need for international cooperation, enhanced regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements in financial surveillance through comprehension of the complex dynamics involved and the implementation of efficacious preventive measures, society may attenuate the deleterious consequences of these illicit activities, so preserving the integrity of financial systems and advancing a global economy that is both transparent and accountable.

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White Collar Crime, Money Laundering, National Security, Global Economy, financial illicit activities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition