Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Quality education is the backbone for the growth of any society and education policy is the way to attain it. In India, the National Education Policy (NEP 2020) has been introduced considering it as a landmark change in the education system. It aims to universalize education from pre-school to higher education with a vision of creating quality institutions, a culture of innovation and a highly skilled workforce making revolutionary reforms in the Indian education paradigm. The NEP 2020 is also in the line of Goal 4 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2030), which clearly believes for having an effective leadership in higher education as the base for sustainable development. As the leaders hold a position to lead the institutions for fulfilling the goals, they play a vital role in the achievement of welfare. However, not all the leaders face the challenges in the same manner. Effective leaders will have to scrutinize how productively they are maintaining their positions and also to find out the best leadership role which is appropriate in the education context for its better administration, modification and refinement in the institution. Therefore, the main objective of this descriptive study is to understand the role of an effective leadership in higher education in the context of National Education Policy, 2020. The findings are articulated and suggestions are given in the conclusion so as to fulfill the objectives of the present paper.

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Effective leadership, NEP, 2020, Innovation.

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The present piece of work was planned to study the impact of the RMWE / leached effluent of Alumina industry (NALCO) situated at Damonjodi, Koraput on a Blue-green alga, Anabaena cylindrica, Lemm and its environmental significance. The effluent of the industry was tested and found to be deadly toxic. The effluent along with the red mud wastes generated from the industry was dumped in the Red mud pond for storage and for natural evaporation. The red mud waste collected from the red mud pond was brought to the laboratory, air dried and powdered. The RMWE is almost equivalent to the leached effluent coming out from the red mud pond. The toxicity test was conducted to assess the lethal concentration values for the RMWE on this alga. Toxicity test revealed that the effluent waste coming out from the red mud pond is highly toxic in nature. The sub-lethal concentration of red mud waste extract was 0.325% (v/v) for this alga under laboratory controlled condition. During experimental period the dry weight significantly decreased with the increase in exposure period. The control alga showed normal growth during the experimental period. The total chlorophyll content decreased with the increase in exposure period. Total pheophytin content and carotenoid content followed a similar trend like total chlorophyll. No dual behavior was observed during the study. When the exposed alga was transferred to toxicant free medium, no recovery of the alga was noted. From the observed results it can be inferred that the red mud waste extracts was deadly toxic and should be allowed to leak from red mud pond. This leached red mud waste after leakage enters into the neighboring areas and enters in to the crop fields causing immense damage to the rice crop and killing the inhabitants of the crop field like blue-green alga. This alga fixes atmospheric nitrogen and a farmer friendly alga disappeared from the contaminated crop fields. All care should be taken to stop leaching from the red mud pond and the red mud waste should be carefully protected to avoid further damage to the surrounding environments.

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Alumina industry, red mud waste, RMWE, toxicity, dry weight, pigments

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Economic growth is closely linked with the financial system of the country. As a financial institution, banking sector contribute a lot to the economic development. Our banking system has shown a fabulous growth since nationalisation and even after reforms of 1991 but has also faced decline in profitability on the other side due to sudden hike in the non-performing assets of the banks. In spite of due care, many loan and advances are turning into bad debts due to failure of recovery mechanism and becoming non-performing assets. The present study aims to examine the position of NPAs of the Schedule Commercial banks of the India over a period of 7 years from the year 2014-15 to 2020-21. The secondary data were used to conduct the study. The statistical tools such as mean, Standard deviation and chi-square test were applied. For estimating expected trend of NPAs, least square technique of the time series analysis was used. The study revealed that there is no significance association in position of gross NPAs, Net NPAs and NPA Provisions over a period of time. It was concluded that RBI and government should implement innovative and strict policy for reducing NPAs.

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Gross NPAs, Net NPAs, NPA Provision, Non-performing Assets, Bad loans, Time series analysis

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The concept of ecofeminism posits a connection between women's subjugation and societal exploitation. They study the oppression and devaluation of women, looking at how it affects their status and goals. The fundamental goal of this essay is to analyze the novel Secret Daughter's ecofeminist concepts. In the book, a few more themes are covered, including female infanticide, miscarriage, adoption, and child labor. This is a literal observation of male chauvinism towards women. Humans relocate from rural areas to urban areas in pursuit of employment, better living conditions, and higher education. Their native land was forced to be abandoned as famine struck due to decreased cultivation and output caused by the lack of rain. This study focuses on the daily problems that women face in slums how they are treated there and how they get over their weaknesses. Ecofeminism is thought to be emphasized by the impact of environmental mystery.

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Subjugation, Female Infanticide, Male Chauvinism, Slums, Child labor.

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Introduction: Cricket and Badminton are physically demanding sports. These are comprised several specialisms requiring different skills and types of fitness. Those game require eye to hand coordination, reaction ability, hand grip strength, shoulder strength, abdominal strength, flexibility etc. In cricket, two hand grip strength is used to control the various shot in cricket skills, when holding the bat. Similarly badminton, one hand grip strength is used to control accuracy during the play. Strength is essential to carry out the functions of the shoulder, abdomen and leg etc. Objectives: of the present study to compare the handgrip strength, shoulder strength, abdominal muscles strength, leg explosive strength between cricket and badminton state level players. To compare the reaction time between cricket and badminton state level players. Methodology: The researcher was selected state level 20 cricket players and 20 badminton players their age range17 to 25 years, from place like, Krishanath College, Kalyani Town Club, Hooghly District Sports Association and Kalyani University. Total of 5 strength (left handgrip, right handgrip, shoulder, leg explosive and abdominal muscle) and reaction time were selected for the study. The data were collected using standard equipment and tests (Hand Grip Dynamometer, Push up, Sit up, Standing broad jump & Ruler Drop Test). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired sample t value) were used for data analysis. Findings and Conclusion: The findings of the present study was not significant of left handgrip strength, right handgrip strength, shoulder strength and abdominal muscles strength of cricket and badminton state level players. But leg explosive strength and reaction time were found significant difference at 0.05 level between cricket and badminton state level players.

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Keywords: Strength, Reaction Time, Cricket Player, Badminton Player, State level.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an incurable disease that is becoming more common globally and placing a financial and social strain on health systems. The last stage of CKD, renal failure, is potentially fatal if kidney replacement therapy is not used to treat it. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers are examples of commercially accessible medications used in current therapy, yet they typically merely slow the course of CKD. This review article focuses on efficient plant-based or plant-extract based alternative medicines that enhance CKD prevention and therapy. Oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation are three well-established mechanistic pathways in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease. Through their antioxidant properties, a variety of plants and their extracts are already known to improve renal dysfunction, which in turn reduces inflammation and fibrosis. There is evidence that kidney failure may significantly affect vitamin metabolism, urine excretion, in vivo synthesis, and food intake. Empirical data suggests that renal failure may significantly impact nutritional consumption, in vivo synthesis, urine excretion, or vitamin metabolism. Therefore, individuals with CKD frequently require vitamin D and B12 supplements. Here, we examined a few significant medicinal plants that may be used to cure and manage illnesses related to the kidneys. These plants include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. In future, more clinical investigations regarding usage, safety, effectiveness, side effects, and suggested dosages are recommended for various stages of CKD are recommended.

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Chronic Kidney Disease, Medicinal Plants, Antioxidant Nature, Antiinflammatory Potential.

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Based on a thorough analysis of previous research, this study explores high school teachers' stress during the COVID-19 epidemic. The study additionally addresses various problems teachers face, such as increased workloads, technical obstacles, and emotional stresses, by combining ideas from a wide range of literature. The study examines coping techniques found in the literature while assessing their possible significance in the context of high school education during the pandemic, using a technique based on the analysis of earlier research. In order to provide educators, administrators, and policymakers with helpful information, the discussion section critically evaluates the group's results. The study emphasizes the significance of comprehensive support systems inside educational institutions by recognizing the relationship between teacher stress and student well-being. As a result of its previous completion, the research, which informs targeted interventions and creates adaptable educational settings amid the pandemic, adds significantly to the more extensive discussion about teachers' mental health.

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Stress, high school teachers, the COVID-19 pandemic, coping strategies, mental health, remote learning, teacher well-being, and educational challenges.

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The threat of World War III hovers over the world's political landscape in a time of intense geopolitical tensions. Analyzing the possible effects of such a global conflict, on the complex web of the global economy, becomes essential when we consider the unimaginable. While the direct human and political consequences of such a conflict are profound, the impact on the global economy cannot be understated. This article aims to evaluate the potential outcomes and provide insights on how the government and different business organizations could mitigate these risks.

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WWIII's Economic Impact: Risks and Mitigation

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The Cactus is one of the most widely distributed plants in the xeric environment and has special characteristics. The major species of cacti used for livestock include Opuntia ficus-indica Mill., O. lindheimeri Engelm, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii Salm Dyck, O. chrysacantha Berg, O. amyclae, O. rastrera Weber, O. stricta Haw, and Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck. Cactus species are plants that grow in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Certain Opuntia species are found in the wild, and while the fruit of these species is unfit for human consumption, the plants can serve as animal fodder. Its composition includes essential nutrients including taurine and betalains, as well as minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants. As a result, the food and nutraceutical industries can make great and diverse value-added products from it.

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Cactus , Opuntia, Cactus pear, Cactaceae, Antioxidant, Physico-chemical Composition , Pharmacological Properties .

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Handloom is the term in which the different types of textiles are Woven by the weavers all across the world. Handloom products play a great role in textile and fashion. The present study is to observe whether everyone knows about the term handloom or not. Because some may even not know the term handloom exists. This study helps to analyse the factors which influence the consumers to show interest in handloom products and preference of buying handloom products. It also helps to analyse the consumer's thinking and comments about problems faced by the handloom weavers in day to day life in general.

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Handloom, Consumer awareness, Problems by handloom weavers, Factors influencing consumers.

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When there is a disagreement between two or more states over the usage, distribution, and management of rivers running through two or more states, there is an interstate water conflict. The central government establishes a water conflict tribunal to settle disputes when the involved states are unable to do so via discussion. The parliament established the Inter-State River Water conflicts (ISRWD) Act, 1956 to settle such conflicts and provide rules for adjudicating disputes relating to the water of interstate rivers and river valleys. The primary goal of establishing constitutional mechanisms for addressing water conflicts is to prevent any interstate conflict and disagreement. Can accelerated resolution of water disputes with the most recent modifications. Creating a single tribunal with many benches and imposing stringent deadlines for judgment may hasten the settlement of conflicts involving interstate rivers. The centre suggestion to establish a body to work alongside the tribunal and gather and analyse data on river waters should be seen as a positive start in the right direction. All of these steps will simplify how such interstate water conflicts are resolved throughout the nation. Water is one of the five natural elements that is essential to life. Since the beginning of time, it has been advisable to establish ethical principles governing its fair distribution among the population due to the irreplaceable significance of water, its limited supply, and the fundamental human nature of owning an entity. Water disputes between nations and states increased, which prompted riparian to create legislation and treaties allowing for the peaceful and appropriate use of the resource. Due to the varied topography of India, not all states had the same access to water, hence strict regulations were needed to settle disagreements between states. Under Article 262 of the Indian Constitution, the Interstate River Water Disputes Act, 1956, was passed to settle water disputes that could occur in the usage, management, and distribution of an interstate river or river valley. This Act has undergone several revisions to further streamline and facilitate the settlements and agreements between the relevant states. On July 25, 2019, the Lok Sabha heard the most recent modification to this Act. It will considerably simplify the process of resolving interstate river water conflicts. To simplify the resolution of interstate river water disputes and strengthen the current institutional framework, the bill aims to alter the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956.

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Inter-state relations, water disputes, provisions, amendments, Constitutional actions

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In the 21st first century, voting culture in the political arena practice has become the most discussed issue. The word 'vote' sounds good in democratic system. Voting culture is the burning questions in the contemporary Indian democratic political system as well as the world. It is hotly depted topic and is a very curious subject. Voting is important for the citizen of India. Vote or ballot is a formal indication of choice between two or more candidate on courses of action, expressed typically through a ballot or a show of hands. The parties supremo's orders are the main issue of voting culture in India. Voting culture is being conducted at party will or is driving by party will. The advice of the party supremo is the main consideration of voting culture. And the party leaders and supporters bully like pet birds. Party supporters, bull is going around. "The polls are down" recently, the most popular phraseology. Who is very familiar with voting culture in Indian politics. Voting Suffers is the burning issue of the citizens and employees. Party leaders give up their- respect for the Greed winning. Party leaders join party alliance. Now electoral coalition is the current scenario of the Indian voting time or period. Currently, 2024's Lok Sabha election against the BJP the opposition political parties composition a great coalition- 'INDIA'. A democracy is a political system, what is system of decision making within a institution, organisation or state, in which all members have an equal share of power. Voting is his compulsory or necessary. Political parties and individuals are its participants. To any guest, the character of the country is determined by the political system. One of the conditions of voting is free and fair election. All wants free and fair election. India capable to follow its own rules to conduct a free and fair election. The problem of voting culture system is the burning question of the day. Let us make our voting environment free and transparent. In this article, I will attempt to understand why India requires the voting culture in the current political environment.

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Voting culture; Burning question; Supremo; Charms; Campaign; Promotional materials; Political Environment; Priceless; Culture Voter; Eye catching; Turmoil; Game changer; Glory.

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Many people lose their lives in incidents that happen frequently today because of careless driving. However, occasionally it might not be feasible to see the signboards that the Highway Department has put up to warn cars in these kinds of situations, which increases the likelihood of an accident. The development of processor technology and microcontrollers has made it possible to create a new system intended to stop accidents brought on by drivers' failure to notice traffic lights next to the road and other oddities on the roadways. Therefore, low power RF technology is used to inform the driver of the zones and automatically maintain speed. The major goal is to create an embedded system-based Electronic Display controller for vehicle speed control and zone monitoring that can be specifically made to fit into a dashboard and display data about the vehicle. If implemented by a state, this method might significantly lower the amount of accidents on the road that are the result of drivers losing control of their cars at speed bumps or disregarding traffic signals. With the help of this project, you can control the speed of cars for a predetermined period of time in accident-prone areas and safety zones. The Zone Status Transmitter Unit, Electronic Display and Control Unit, and the Project are two distinct units. The vehicle's Electronic Display Controller Unit informs the driver to lower speed in accordance with the zone once it receives the road-sign signal from the zones; it then uses the CAN Protocol to reduce speed automatically after it has waited for the driver to respond.

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ADAS : Advanced Driver Assistance Support . ACC : Adaptive Cruise Control IDE : Integrated Development Environment CAN : Controller Area Network LCD : Liquid Crystal Display RFID : Radio Frequency Identification ECU : Engine Control Unit LAN : Local Area Network VCU : Vehicle Control Unit VSM : Vehicle Stability Management CNC : Computer Numerical Control APP : Accelerator Pedal Position RF : Radio Frequency SPI : Serial Peripheral Interface

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Introduction-The principles of Ayurveda are eternal but its application has to be applied in new diseases and can also be modified as per the timely changes in society. various Acharya also added new emerging diseases in their text with the need of hour and to save the society from their hazardous effect. In recent years, the spread of vector borne diseases has gained concerned worldwide. COVID-19 arising problems in present era can also be diagnosed and managed by the classical approach of Ayurveda under the principle mentioned in Charaka Samhita. A physician should try to comprehend the nature of the disease (Dosha), the site of its manifestation, etiological factors and should then initiate the treatment. Material and Methods- Classical references on Ayurveda literature for this research work were collected from Brihattrayi, Laghutrayi and other compendiums in Ayurveda. Modern references for the current study were collected from contemporary literature, books, databases and other available online sources. Observation and Results-Demographic analysis of patients. Age, Gender, Occupation etc. are some demographic data elements which are included in this study. Age, Gender, Occupation etc. The observation of questionnairewere analysed statistically, and results were interpreted. Discussion-All the observation of Covid, post covid symptoms are made here.As it was an honest and able effort to collect and evaluate, formulate all the literature of COVID-19 in the form of Ayurveda terminology which were not directly explained in classics so after collection of literature a clinical trial may be conducted on the basis of Nidanapanchaka.It contained all the observations pertaining to conceptual and observational survey studies have been discussed in the discussion. Discussion done on involved Dosha, Dhatu Mala and Srotas.

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Epidemiology, COVID-19,Jwara, Post covid

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Abstract: As the adoption of blockchain technology continues to expand across industries, the challenge of scalability has emerged as a critical bottleneck hindering its widespread application. This research embarks on a journey to unlock the full potential of blockchain technology by exploring innovative scalability solutions for the next generation of decentralized networks. In this study, we delve deep into the complexities of blockchain scalability, investigating various approaches, including sharding, sidechains, and layer 2 solutions like the Lightning Network. Through rigorous analysis and experimentation, we seek to provide practical insights and novel techniques to enhance the capacity and efficiency of blockchain networks. The research not only delves into the technical aspects of scalability but also considers the broader implications of our findings. We aim to uncover the impact of improved scalability on blockchain's ability to revolutionize industries, such as finance, supply chain management, and healthcare, as well as to bolster its role in decentralized applications (dApps). In a world where blockchain's promise is only beginning to be realized, this research strives to push the boundaries of what is possible, offering a visionary outlook on the future of blockchain technology and its transformative potential.

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blockchain

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Key words: Siddha, Standardization, Physicochemical, Kuruthi azhalukku chooranam, Biochemical, Heavy metal.

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Perumbadu, Physicochemical Analysis, Plim Guidelines, Siddha, Thalisapathri Vadagam.

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According to ancient research methodology before establishing any theory, Upanaya (Discussion) is the prior step to Nigamana (conclusion). Upanaya is processes of re-examine own self. It forms a base for Nigamana. In spite of detailed classical study and experimentation in various ways, a theory is accepted only after the proper reasoning of observation. Hence, discussion is very much crucial part of any scientific research.Beginning with the formation of hypothesis based on Aptopadesa, to observations made and ultimately the results obtained, through Pratyaksha, each of these should be supported by the proper logic with Anumana. It can either support by the hypothetic at concepts and observations or it can help in the amendment of the same or it may revolutionize the concept totally. This helps in achieving the main objective of Ayurvedic research, which is to elaborate the Basic principles of Ayurveda in context to present era.The present study entitled. A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of ashwabaladi taila uttar basti along with brahatiyadi kashayam orally in mutratita (urine incontinance.). It is single study group, open labeled Trial. The proposed trial is an interventional study, which attempts to test the trial drugs on selected group of participants. The effects of intervention was measured by comparing the outcomes in the trial groups.

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ashwabaladi taila uttar basti, brahatiyadi kashayam, mutratita, urine incontinance.

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The relationship between international trade and environmental protection is a complex. International trade is an exchange of goods and services across boarder which in turn improves economic growth. But on the other hand by excessive trade it can harm the environment also. So Environmental sustainability is crucial for safeguarding our planet. This research paper delves with historical context of trade and its environmental consequences, and further highlights the relationship between trade and environment. And highlights the case studies about trade and environment. And in conclusion, this research paper speaks about the importance of finding a harmonious balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability in the context of international trade.

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Trade, Environmental sustainability, Climate change, International trade law, Environmental protection.

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Key words: Standardization, Physicochemical, Soothagavaayukku kiyazham, Biochemical analysis, Soothagavaayu(pcos).

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