Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Agricultural robotics Centered on designing robots tailored for the unique demands of farming, represents a transformative frontier in modern agriculture. This research paper explores the landscape of robots dedicated to agricultural applications, investigating Their influence on effectiveness, sustainability, and the overall evolution of farming practices. The literature review explores current research, emphasizing innovations in autonomous tractors, robotic harvesting systems, and solutions for weed and pest management.

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Design, Agri Bot, Python, Pygame

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ABSTRACT: Experimental study to assess the effectiveness of selected home remedies in reducing the pain and discomfort in primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in a selected high school at Indore. Primary dysmenorrhea is thought to afflict 50-90% of the world's young female population. Methods: An evaluatory research approach with one group pretest post-test design was used for the present study. Sample consisted of 60 adolescent girls between the age group of 12-15 years with primary dysmenorrhea who met the inclusion criteria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Tools used were verbal descriptive pain rating scale and rating scale. Two selected home remedies ( triphala and Ashoka Saraca) were administered for 45 days till the next menstruation. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank co-relation and't' test. Result: A significant difference found in the pain score (t(59) = 9.77, p< 0.05) and discomforts scores. (t(59) = 18.87, p<0.05) before and after administration of home remedies. The area wise distribution showed that there is significant difference in areas of physical, social and psychological areas of responses [t(59) = 5.52, t(59)= 3.58, t(59)=4.25, p< 0.05Conclusion : Home remedies were simple, cost effective, easy to prepare and administer without adverse effects. There was no significant difference found between the selected variables and discomfort of dysmenorrhea. Spearman's rank correlation showed that there is negative co-relation between pain and discomfort in primary dysmenorrhea.

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Key word: Primary Dysmenorrhea, Pain, Discomfort, Home Remedies.

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The non-linear propagation of dust-acoustic (DA) waves in a unmagnetized dusty plasma with finite temperature degeneracy of inertialess electrons and kappa distribution ions is studied. Using the standard reductive perturbation technique, a nonlinear Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) like equation is derived. The effects of kappa-distributed ions and the parameter T=T_d/T_e on the profiles of the amplitudes and widths of the solitary structures are examined numerically. It is found that k plays a significant role in the formation of bright solitons and dark solitons

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Dust-acoustic (DA) waves, Degenerate plasmas, Solitary waves, KdV equation

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The Indian Copyright Act, 1957, as revised in 2012, defines rights for numerous parties, including music composers and producers. The breadth and degree of directors' moral and economic rights are critically examined in this research, emphasising their moral and economic rights. The research compares India's situation to worldwide practices, outlining opportunities for development and change. The findings point to a balanced strategy that values director contributions while maintaining economic viability and industry growth. The article closes with proposals for strengthening the recognition and protection of directorial authorship rights in India, therefore building a more fair cinematic ecology. This research study explores the legal status of director authorship rights in Indian cinematographic films.

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Copyright, Cinematographic Film, Director, Authorship, Ownership

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Child marriage is a common thing found in numerous regions around the world and it poses significant legal and public health challenges, particularly concerning adolescent pregnancy rates. This paper delves into the intricate relationship between child marriage laws and their consequences for adolescent pregnancies. By examining the legal frameworks, enforcement mechanisms, and cultural influences associated with child marriage, this paper aims to elucidate how these laws impact adolescent pregnancy rates. Through a comparative analysis of child marriage laws in various jurisdictions, this research highlights the disparities in legal definitions, age of consent, and enforcement effectiveness. It also investigates the underlying cultural norms and socio-economic factors that perpetuate child marriage, influencing the prevalence of early and often high-risk pregnancies among adolescents. Beyond the legal dimension, this paper addresses broader public health concerns, linking child marriage to maternal and infant health outcomes. An understanding of the interplay between child marriage laws and adolescent pregnancy is critical for crafting evidence-based policies that safeguard the rights and health of young individuals. The outcomes of this paper inform advocacy initiatives and contribute to the global discourse on child marriage and its legal ramifications. By shedding light on the significance of child marriage laws on adolescent pregnancy trends, the study seeks to promote legislative measures that protect the reproductive and maternal health of young people and ultimately empower them to make appropriate choices about their future.

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Child Marriage, Adolescent Pregnancy, Legal Impact.

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Investors always want to invest their surplus fund/savings in such profitable schemes which have low risks attached to it and have potential to fetch high returns in the future. Investment in Real estate is one alternative among many investments available in the market. Like any other assets, investment in real estate has also its own risk and returns. So, the problem lies whether an investor should invest in real estate or not to generate high returns in future. The main objective of this study is to identify the Return and risk involved in investments in residential real estate in Kolkata and to find out the best suitable place for investment. To get primary data for the analysis, discussions were done with Builders/contractors/brokers and investors in real estates. Also, housing sites like Magic bricks, Makaan, 99 acres, housing.com are reviewed as a part of the study. The conclusion drawn from the study is that as the ownership of the land where in the multi storeyed flat is built is shared among all the flat owners, so, if there is appreciation in the value of the land over which flat is built, the overall value of the flat also appreciates. The rising cost of building materials is also adding an increase in the value of flats. Returns in the form of capital appreciation and rental income in investing in residential real estate in Kolkata seems to be very high as the investment is comparably less than other metro cities, but return on investment seems to be high due to emerging opportunities. But, the amount of rent and rate of capital appreciation depends solely upon the locations. Locations which are close to corporate, markets, hospitals, schools, colleges and IT hub are more in demand. New Town seems to be the best location in Kolkata for the purpose of investment in property as the place is considered to be an IT hub of Kolkata. As the rates of new town are soaring high day by day, one who can't afford the purchase of flats in these areas can plan to purchase in nearby areas like kestopur/hatiara/saduli/Jagatpur/Gaurangnagar/Rajarhat which are underdeveloped or developing areas which can fetch high capital appreciation in nearby future.

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Risk and return, real estate, investments, portfolio diversification, residential properties in Kolkata

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In modern power system operations, demand side integration is one of the key functions which enables active consumer participation. Electric vehicles (EVs) encourage active participation of consumers for power management. In vehicle to grid integration (V2G), energy storage system (ESS) is connected with the grid through bidirectional converters. The topology for V2G integration consists of ESS, switching bidirectional buck-boost converter, full bridge inverter, and grid. Now-a-days, hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is an attractive solution for EVs. In this work, a topology for V2G with HESS is proposed. This topology comprises of an active HESS in which Li-ion battery is connected to the super capacitor via a bidirectional dc-dc half bridge converter, and full bridge inverter. The fuzzy logic controller using triangular membership functions and hysteresis current controller are proposed for inverters and bi-directional dc-dc converter respectively. The simulation of proposed topology is developed in MATLAB 2021 and the performance is verified.

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Vehicle to grid system(V2G), hybrid energy storage system, switching bi-direction buck-boost converter, Li-battery, Supercapacitor (SC).

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The global reach of the internet and the proliferation of digital content have created immense difficulties for copyright enforcement in cyberspace. Copyright violations in the digital sphere, such as unauthorised distribution and digital piracy, are dangerous to content creators and rights holders. There is continuous concern regarding this violation and how it affects content industries' creative and economic incentives. There is a need to make new regulations because the interpretation and execution of the fair use doctrines in the digital sphere continue to be unresolved and controversial. The international domain of copyright protection cannot be ignored as the internet transcends geographical boundaries. The development of international norms is necessary to address the transnational nature of the digital content distribution. An overview of the complex problems with copyright protection in the digital era is given in this abstract, along with some possible solutions. Moreover, copyright protection in cyberspace also intersects with technological advancements. Emerging technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence make developing an effective copyright enforcement regime necessary. The methodology used in this article is doctrinal. This abstract emphasises copyright protection in cyberspace as an evolving research domain, including economic, legal, technological, and cultural aspects. To address these challenges, a concerted effort is required by researchers and policymakers to strike a balance between protecting copyright holder's rights and respecting user rights in the changing digital landscape.

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Cyberspace, Digital Rights Management, Blockchain technology, Copyright Infringement, Intellectual Property.

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Pharmaceutical products made of hydrogels are a subset of polymeric materials. They have a greater capacity to absorb water. Excellent antibacterial properties, strong biocompatibility, water retention, swelling, high oxygen permeability, and other characteristics are all present in antibacterial hydrogel. bacterial and fungal illnesses caused by microbes. Hydrogels that possess antibacterial qualities can be used to combat germs. Antimicrobial hydrogels are used to stop the spread of diseases and stop bacterial development. Hydrogels that are made to stop bacterial development and illnesses are known as antibacterial hydrogels. These hydrogels often contain antibacterial substances that function likes including by rupturing bacterial cell walls or preventing the action of bacterial enzymes. Several examples of frequently employed antibacterial substances, incorporating nanoparticles into antimicrobial hydrogels can enhance their efficacy. This article provides an overview about General characteristics, classification, material employed, preparation, application, advantages & disadvantages and future scopes of anti-microbial hydrogel.

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Hydrogels, Microbial, Antimicrobial, Bacterial, Nanoparticles

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electrometric techniques used in the analysis of atomic energy materials. This abstract examines its underlying principles - Potentiometric Titration, Conductometric Titration, Plarography, Amperometry. In any electrometric method, two electrodes are required; however, in many methods only the electrochemical phenomena associated with one electrode are useful. This electrode is referred to as the "sensi- tive," or "working," electrode of the pair; the other electrode is the reference or counter electrode.

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ELECTROMETRIC METHODS

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In recent decades, women have faced significant obstacles in their pursuit of equal opportunities compared to men. Just a quarter-century ago, disparities between women and men were prevalent in various spheres including education, the workplace, and even within households. However, progress has been made, and the lives of women and girls worldwide have markedly improved in many aspects. Across both affluent and developing nations, women now attend school more regularly, live longer lives, secure better employment opportunities, and enjoy increased legal rights and protections

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Womens empowerment visavis economic development

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BJT,H-bridge, Speed control

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This study seeks to investigate the relationship between Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with consumer credit and investment in the Indian economic setting, establishing whether a positive relationship occurs and how Unified Payments Interface affects the customer's consumer credit and online investments. Surveying with the working professionals of society irrespective of gender and age through a well-structured survey, the study carries out primary data through a quantitative research design that uses descriptive method. The analysis shows that the UPI, enjoys a comparative advantage over its competitor and therefore the likelihood that it will capture a larger market share is high as it has a cost-saving mechanism, and the facilitation of online and offline transfers is made easy. Moreover, the effectiveness and the rate of UPI payments and their possible role in financial inclusion in India are analyzed to consider a complete picture of its current functioning and potential in credit and investment options. This research validates the opportunity digitalization which has transformed the terrain of banking practices. The study summarizes that using UPI does not only correspond with the manifestations of global financial market digitalization, but also offers a new framework within which the future of the banking transaction could take shape.

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UPI, Consumer Credit, Online Investment, UPI Credit, Wilks' Lambda.

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Abstract: The Padmashalis are the third largest community in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. They are spread all over the world. The rise of Moghul rule and there after Britishers who came to India for doing cloth business has lot of impact on weaving technology. The cloth manufactured at Brimingham, England can sell at cheaper rate in India and the qualities of their cloth were much better than our hand-woven cloths on Gunta Maggam (Pit-loom). Since there is no buyer for our hand-woven cloths, the domestic textile industry suffered losses. The Britisher established East India Company at Calcutta and spread their business across the India. They have also ruled our country till 1947. The impact of cloth business compelled Padmashalis to move to different places in India. Maharashtra is adjacent to Telangana, Andhra Pradesh; most of them started moving in search of their livelihood. Earlier days there were no transportation available; people started walking from Telangana and stayed for days together wherever in the en-route to Mumbai. In this course some of them even settled in most parts of Maharashtra like Nanded, Jalna, Aurangabad, and Nasik, Ahmednagar, Sholapur, Pune and even interior parts of the villages. The community people are economically backward. They were even idle. Their basic occupation was weaving; hence most of them have chosen weaving job in cotton mills. Gradually the strength has increased and it can be witnessed that about 400 to 500 Padmashalis could be seen in each mill in Mumbai. Most of the people in Sholapur are started their Textile. They were economically backward and their motto is to earn and live and therefore they could not give much importance to education. Thus, they are very much backward in Education.

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Padmashalis,Markandeyapuranam,Telangana state ,Migration Maharashtra, Socio Economic status of Padmashalis

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 Abstract

????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????, ????, ??????,????????, ?????? ??????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????????? .???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????. ??????"?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????" (?????.2)1 ????????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????" ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????" (???:2???5-12)2 ????? ???????????????. ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????????. ?????? ???? "???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????" (?????:20)3 ????? ?????????????? "???????? ????? ????? ???" (???:1:6)4 ????? ???????? ?????????????. ???? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????. ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????. ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????????????. ??????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????.

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Preface To Water Management

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In an era where digitalization is revolutionizing various sectors, educational institutions are also embracing technological innovations to streamline administrative processes and enhance user experiences. This research article presents a case study on the implementation of a College Admission Inquiry Chatbot aimed at improving the admission process for prospective students. The study examines the development, deployment, and evaluation of the chatbot within a college setting, highlighting its impact on user satisfaction, efficiency, and overall effectiveness of the admission process. Through user feedback and data analysis, the study demonstrates the benefits of integrating an intelligent chatbot in addressing admission-related inquiries, reducing response times, and providing personalized support to applicants. The findings underscore the significance of leveraging artificial intelligence in enhancing transparency, accessibility, and efficiency in college admissions, thereby contributing to the advancement of educational technology and administrative practices.

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College Admission Inquiry Chatbot, Admission process improvement, Artificial intelligence in admissions, College Admission Chatbot

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This work assessed the level of metals accumulation in the Nigerian environment from automobile spent oils. Four fresh commercial automobile lubricating oils were introduced into four automobiles with similar specification and the spent oils were drained from the automobiles after two months of being used daily. Quantitative analyses for metal contents with the selected metals Mg, Sn, Zn, Fe, V and Al were carried out on the fresh and used lubricating oils. It was considered that each automobile would have its lubricating oil drained and replaced bimonthly. An extrapolation with the 11,700,000 automobiles registered in Nigeria in 2020, showed that the amounts of Mg, Zn, Fe and Al present in the spent oils within the year were excessively higher than the maximum permissible amounts in the environment; with the excess amount in percentage evaluated as 581000, 879000, 23000 and 965,983% respectively. Sn and V metals were not found in significant amounts in the spent oils. Some performance parameters of lubricating oils such as density, particulate counts, total acid number (TAN) and total base number (TBN) were also quantitatively assessed with the metal contents of the oils. The health risks caused by the poor management of the generated spent oil in Nigeria were also assessed in the study.

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spent oils, metals, accumulation, toxicity

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Modularity involves the use of standardized components or modules that can be combined and arranged in different ways to create larger structures or patterns. This approach can lead to efficient manufacturing and maintenance, as well as a wide range of design possibilities. By using modularity in design, designers can create systems that are easily assembled, modified, or scaled. Tessellation, on the other hand, involves using geometric shapes to create a repeated pattern that without any voids or overlaps, totally covers a surface. This technique has been used in various fields, including art, architecture, and mathematics. Tessellated patterns can range from simple shapes like squares or triangles to more complex shapes like hexagons or octagons. Modularity and tessellation techniques can be used together to create complex and visually interesting patterns and structures. For example, architects may use modular building blocks that tessellate to create a unique facade for a building. Product designers may use tessellated patterns to create intricate designs on a surface while maintaining a consistent modular approach to the product's construction. This research paper examines the applications of modularity and tessellation in design across various fields, including product design, industrial design, architecture, mathematics, software design, art, and sustainable design. The paper proposes three hypotheses related to increased efficiency, cost reduction, and enhanced design flexibility. The conclusion highlights the potential of utilizing modularity and tessellation in design to create more flexible, sustainable, and innovative products and structures that meet evolving customer and business needs.

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Modularity, Tessellation, Design Strategies, Sustainable Design, Innovative Products

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Nanoemulsions are liquid-in-liquid dispersion with a droplet size of about 100 nm. They have a transparent appearance, high rate of bioavailability, and increased shelf life. Nanoemulsions mainly consist of oil, water, surfactant, and cosurfactant and can be prepared by high- and low-energy methods. Diluted nanoemulsions are utilized for the delivery of ophthalmic drugs due to their capability to penetrate the deep layers of the ocular structure, provide a sustained release effect, and reduce the frequency of administration and side effects. These nanoemulsions are subjected to certain tests, such as safety, stability, pH profile, rheological studies, and so on. Cationic nanoemulsions are prepared for topical ophthalmic delivery of active ingredients from cationic agents to increase the drug residence time on the ocular surface, reducing their clearance from the ocular surface and improving drug bioavailability. This review article summarizes the main characteristics of nanoemulsions, ophthalmic nanoemulsions, and cationic nanoemulsions and their components, methods of preparation, and the evaluation parameters for ophthalmic nanoemulsions.

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Nanoemulsion, cationic nanoemulsions, ophthalmic drug delivery

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This research presents a novel approach for real-time traffic sign detection using the YOLOv5 algorithm in the context of autonomous vehicle control. With the increasing demand for intelligent transportation systems, the accurate and rapid detection of traffic signs is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient autonomous navigation. The proposed system employs the YOLOv5 deep learning architecture due to its efficiency in object detection tasks, particularly in scenarios demanding low latency and high accuracy. A dataset comprising diverse traffic signs and signals from various environmental conditions is curated and utilized for training and validation purposes. The methodology involves pre-processing of camera images to extract pertinent features related to traffic signs. The YOLOv5 architecture is then trained on this dataset to recognize and classify different traffic signs (such as speed limits, stop signs, yield signs, etc.). Evaluation of the model's performance includes metrics such as precision, recall, and F1- score, ensuring reliable and robust detection capabilities. The proposed system aims for real-time inference, enabling quick and accurate decision-making for autonomous vehicles. The implementation demonstrates promising results in terms of both detection accuracy and computational efficiency. The system's ability to promptly identify and interpret traffic signs and signals contributes significantly to enhancing the safety and autonomy of vehicles in dynamic traffic environments. In this research contributes to the advancement of intelligent transportation systems by offering a fast and reliable solution for traffic sign, paving the way for safer and more efficient autonomous driving.

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yolo v5 algorithm, Object detection, python code, arduino board, etc

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