Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

This study aims to explore the multifaceted challenges encountered by working women in the formal sector during menstruation in Chennai city, India. Menstruation is a biological process that impacts various aspects of women's lives, including their work dynamics, social interactions, and overall well-being. Despite its significance, menstruation remains a taboo subject in many societies, leading to a lack of understanding and support for women experiencing menstrual issues in the workplace. By shedding light on the experiences of working women in Chennai during menstruation, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the intersection between gender, work, and reproductive health. The findings will inform policymakers, employers, and advocacy groups about the importance of creating supportive and inclusive environments for menstruating employees in the formal sector. Ultimately, the goal is to promote gender equality and workplace well-being by addressing the unique challenges faced by women during menstruation.

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A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON PROBLEMS FACED BY WORKING WOMEN IN THE FORMAL SECTOR DURING MENSTRUATION

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Retaining the privacy, integrity and security of records stored inside the cloud server has end up increasingly more important as cloud storage services are used extra often. Using encryption techniques to encrypt data before uploading it to the cloud is one way to solve this problem. However, because the data must first be decrypted, typical encryption techniques make it more difficult to search for and retrieve certain information from the encrypted data. The effectiveness and utility of cloud storage solutions are hampered by this restriction. To overcome this challenge, this research propose a novel approach for keyword based search on encrypted data in cloud storage using an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) encryption approach. By leveraging the ECC encryption approach, the proposed solution ensures the confidentiality of data stored in the cloud while enabling efficient keyword-based search operations without the need for decryption. This approach utilizes a combination of cryptographic techniques such as ECC encryption and index structures to enable efficient keyword search operations on the encrypted data. Develop a secure search system that supports multi-keyword ranking searches over encrypted cloud data as well. A secure index is generated during the encryption process, which allows for efficient retrieval of encrypted data related to specific keywords. Based on the search keyword ranking method, the index of the keyword was dynamically updated. The encrypted data remains confidential, as only authorized users possess the necessary decryption keys to retrieve the plaintext information. The results demonstrate that the keyword search on encrypted data in cloud storage using the ECC encryption approach achieves a balance between data privacy and search functionality. Also implement blockchain technology for enhancing the database security. The solution offers an effective means to securely store and retrieve data from the cloud while ensuring that sensitive information remains protected from unauthorized access.

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Cloud Data Storage, Data Encryption, Multi Keyword Creation, Index Generation, Keyword Ranking, Index Update, Verifiable Data Sharing.

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Understanding the mystery of nature on the test of logic, pondering and creating a new civilization for mankind on a global scale through new experiments is called science. During the journey from primitive man to civilized man we have passed through many stages. Philosophies, scriptures and spiritual texts are full of praises of creation, but the tendency to reduce them to external rituals has blinded our understanding of them. This is the reason why it seems hollow to us. Today, when we look at it through a special and unique perspective of science or redefine it, we are dazzled by the mysteries and mysteries in it. The main reason for this is that the human consciousness can study cause and relationship in greater detail than any other species has ever been able to do. As human consciousness evolved it descended deeper into it. This is the reason why today our science has been able to understand the combination of microscopic elements in a small molecule. When the scientist travels towards the extremes, he discovers the deepest mysteries of creation. By creating harmony in harmony and uniformity with spirituality, he becomes enthralled in knowing and obeying the uniqueness and uniqueness in it and establishes unity with it.

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Spiritual, science, nature, mystery, nature, philosophy, meaningless.

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The implementation of a Dynamic Toll Collection System using Number Plate Recognition (NPR) represents a transformative advancement in toll booth management and fee collection. The main parts of this system are the following: a large database with vehicle and toll rate information; automated payment gates; secure payment processing mechanisms; high-resolution cameras strategically positioned at toll booths; and NPR software that reliably recognizes vehicle number plates. The cameras in the system record the license plate of a car as it approaches the toll booth. Based on camera quality, distance can be measured. We can capture number plate at day or night time and analyzed the data as image. Number plate data Comparison done with help of character segmentation and character recognition using Optical Character Recognition algorithm. After successful comparison, one time password generated and automatically verify that send to user mobile. The automatic payment gate opens and permits uninterrupted vehicle passage if the car's number plate is connected to a working payment method using OTP verification system. The user receives a payment confirmation after a toll fee is automatically subtracted. By doing away with the necessity for cash transactions, this method not only improves security but also drastically cuts down on the time and effort needed for toll collection. And can also add other number as secondary access in toll entry system. After adding number, OTP can be sent to secondary person. If there is delay in OTP or wrong OTP means, automatically send alert to police about Theft vehicle. This Dynamic Toll Collection System provides an efficient, scalable, and user-friendly solution for contemporary toll booth management with the integration of secure payment processing and the capacity to manage an extensive database of cars and their associated toll fees. Experimental results shows that proposed work provide high level accuracy in number plate recognition.

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Character segmentation, Number plate Recognition, One time password, Toll collection system, Video surveillance

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This paper attempts to study the displacement ache in the selected poems of Meena Kandasamy and rupi kaur, two contemporary Indian English poets. It will highlight the experiences and aches of two different kinds of displacements- physical as well psychological- suffered by both the poets in their personal lives and by the people especially women of their societies and communities, expressed through their poems. Physical displacement refers to the individuals leaving their native lands and getting settled in other countries, and psychological displacement means diversion of mind. These poets belong to different castes and religions. Though their basic issues related to women and a few other sections of society are similar yet they have their individual styles to share their own experiences of struggle, suffering and success. Displacement, alienation, discrimination, oppression of Dalits, survival struggles of the diaspora in the new lands of relocation, nostalgia, language of the new land, migrant women being victims of white superiority, identity crises and many other dilemmas faced by displaced individuals are the major issues discussed in this paper.

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Displacement, Alienation, Oppression, Marginalization, Ache

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Agricultural robotics Centered on designing robots tailored for the unique demands of farming, represents a transformative frontier in modern agriculture. This research paper explores the landscape of robots dedicated to agricultural applications, investigating Their influence on effectiveness, sustainability, and the overall evolution of farming practices. The literature review explores current research, emphasizing innovations in autonomous tractors, robotic harvesting systems, and solutions for weed and pest management.

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Design, Agri Bot, Python, Pygame

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ABSTRACT: Experimental study to assess the effectiveness of selected home remedies in reducing the pain and discomfort in primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in a selected high school at Indore. Primary dysmenorrhea is thought to afflict 50-90% of the world's young female population. Methods: An evaluatory research approach with one group pretest post-test design was used for the present study. Sample consisted of 60 adolescent girls between the age group of 12-15 years with primary dysmenorrhea who met the inclusion criteria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Tools used were verbal descriptive pain rating scale and rating scale. Two selected home remedies ( triphala and Ashoka Saraca) were administered for 45 days till the next menstruation. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank co-relation and't' test. Result: A significant difference found in the pain score (t(59) = 9.77, p< 0.05) and discomforts scores. (t(59) = 18.87, p<0.05) before and after administration of home remedies. The area wise distribution showed that there is significant difference in areas of physical, social and psychological areas of responses [t(59) = 5.52, t(59)= 3.58, t(59)=4.25, p< 0.05Conclusion : Home remedies were simple, cost effective, easy to prepare and administer without adverse effects. There was no significant difference found between the selected variables and discomfort of dysmenorrhea. Spearman's rank correlation showed that there is negative co-relation between pain and discomfort in primary dysmenorrhea.

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Key word: Primary Dysmenorrhea, Pain, Discomfort, Home Remedies.

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The non-linear propagation of dust-acoustic (DA) waves in a unmagnetized dusty plasma with finite temperature degeneracy of inertialess electrons and kappa distribution ions is studied. Using the standard reductive perturbation technique, a nonlinear Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) like equation is derived. The effects of kappa-distributed ions and the parameter T=T_d/T_e on the profiles of the amplitudes and widths of the solitary structures are examined numerically. It is found that k plays a significant role in the formation of bright solitons and dark solitons

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Dust-acoustic (DA) waves, Degenerate plasmas, Solitary waves, KdV equation

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The Indian Copyright Act, 1957, as revised in 2012, defines rights for numerous parties, including music composers and producers. The breadth and degree of directors' moral and economic rights are critically examined in this research, emphasising their moral and economic rights. The research compares India's situation to worldwide practices, outlining opportunities for development and change. The findings point to a balanced strategy that values director contributions while maintaining economic viability and industry growth. The article closes with proposals for strengthening the recognition and protection of directorial authorship rights in India, therefore building a more fair cinematic ecology. This research study explores the legal status of director authorship rights in Indian cinematographic films.

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Copyright, Cinematographic Film, Director, Authorship, Ownership

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Child marriage is a common thing found in numerous regions around the world and it poses significant legal and public health challenges, particularly concerning adolescent pregnancy rates. This paper delves into the intricate relationship between child marriage laws and their consequences for adolescent pregnancies. By examining the legal frameworks, enforcement mechanisms, and cultural influences associated with child marriage, this paper aims to elucidate how these laws impact adolescent pregnancy rates. Through a comparative analysis of child marriage laws in various jurisdictions, this research highlights the disparities in legal definitions, age of consent, and enforcement effectiveness. It also investigates the underlying cultural norms and socio-economic factors that perpetuate child marriage, influencing the prevalence of early and often high-risk pregnancies among adolescents. Beyond the legal dimension, this paper addresses broader public health concerns, linking child marriage to maternal and infant health outcomes. An understanding of the interplay between child marriage laws and adolescent pregnancy is critical for crafting evidence-based policies that safeguard the rights and health of young individuals. The outcomes of this paper inform advocacy initiatives and contribute to the global discourse on child marriage and its legal ramifications. By shedding light on the significance of child marriage laws on adolescent pregnancy trends, the study seeks to promote legislative measures that protect the reproductive and maternal health of young people and ultimately empower them to make appropriate choices about their future.

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Child Marriage, Adolescent Pregnancy, Legal Impact.

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Investors always want to invest their surplus fund/savings in such profitable schemes which have low risks attached to it and have potential to fetch high returns in the future. Investment in Real estate is one alternative among many investments available in the market. Like any other assets, investment in real estate has also its own risk and returns. So, the problem lies whether an investor should invest in real estate or not to generate high returns in future. The main objective of this study is to identify the Return and risk involved in investments in residential real estate in Kolkata and to find out the best suitable place for investment. To get primary data for the analysis, discussions were done with Builders/contractors/brokers and investors in real estates. Also, housing sites like Magic bricks, Makaan, 99 acres, housing.com are reviewed as a part of the study. The conclusion drawn from the study is that as the ownership of the land where in the multi storeyed flat is built is shared among all the flat owners, so, if there is appreciation in the value of the land over which flat is built, the overall value of the flat also appreciates. The rising cost of building materials is also adding an increase in the value of flats. Returns in the form of capital appreciation and rental income in investing in residential real estate in Kolkata seems to be very high as the investment is comparably less than other metro cities, but return on investment seems to be high due to emerging opportunities. But, the amount of rent and rate of capital appreciation depends solely upon the locations. Locations which are close to corporate, markets, hospitals, schools, colleges and IT hub are more in demand. New Town seems to be the best location in Kolkata for the purpose of investment in property as the place is considered to be an IT hub of Kolkata. As the rates of new town are soaring high day by day, one who can't afford the purchase of flats in these areas can plan to purchase in nearby areas like kestopur/hatiara/saduli/Jagatpur/Gaurangnagar/Rajarhat which are underdeveloped or developing areas which can fetch high capital appreciation in nearby future.

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Risk and return, real estate, investments, portfolio diversification, residential properties in Kolkata

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In modern power system operations, demand side integration is one of the key functions which enables active consumer participation. Electric vehicles (EVs) encourage active participation of consumers for power management. In vehicle to grid integration (V2G), energy storage system (ESS) is connected with the grid through bidirectional converters. The topology for V2G integration consists of ESS, switching bidirectional buck-boost converter, full bridge inverter, and grid. Now-a-days, hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is an attractive solution for EVs. In this work, a topology for V2G with HESS is proposed. This topology comprises of an active HESS in which Li-ion battery is connected to the super capacitor via a bidirectional dc-dc half bridge converter, and full bridge inverter. The fuzzy logic controller using triangular membership functions and hysteresis current controller are proposed for inverters and bi-directional dc-dc converter respectively. The simulation of proposed topology is developed in MATLAB 2021 and the performance is verified.

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Vehicle to grid system(V2G), hybrid energy storage system, switching bi-direction buck-boost converter, Li-battery, Supercapacitor (SC).

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The global reach of the internet and the proliferation of digital content have created immense difficulties for copyright enforcement in cyberspace. Copyright violations in the digital sphere, such as unauthorised distribution and digital piracy, are dangerous to content creators and rights holders. There is continuous concern regarding this violation and how it affects content industries' creative and economic incentives. There is a need to make new regulations because the interpretation and execution of the fair use doctrines in the digital sphere continue to be unresolved and controversial. The international domain of copyright protection cannot be ignored as the internet transcends geographical boundaries. The development of international norms is necessary to address the transnational nature of the digital content distribution. An overview of the complex problems with copyright protection in the digital era is given in this abstract, along with some possible solutions. Moreover, copyright protection in cyberspace also intersects with technological advancements. Emerging technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence make developing an effective copyright enforcement regime necessary. The methodology used in this article is doctrinal. This abstract emphasises copyright protection in cyberspace as an evolving research domain, including economic, legal, technological, and cultural aspects. To address these challenges, a concerted effort is required by researchers and policymakers to strike a balance between protecting copyright holder's rights and respecting user rights in the changing digital landscape.

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Cyberspace, Digital Rights Management, Blockchain technology, Copyright Infringement, Intellectual Property.

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Pharmaceutical products made of hydrogels are a subset of polymeric materials. They have a greater capacity to absorb water. Excellent antibacterial properties, strong biocompatibility, water retention, swelling, high oxygen permeability, and other characteristics are all present in antibacterial hydrogel. bacterial and fungal illnesses caused by microbes. Hydrogels that possess antibacterial qualities can be used to combat germs. Antimicrobial hydrogels are used to stop the spread of diseases and stop bacterial development. Hydrogels that are made to stop bacterial development and illnesses are known as antibacterial hydrogels. These hydrogels often contain antibacterial substances that function likes including by rupturing bacterial cell walls or preventing the action of bacterial enzymes. Several examples of frequently employed antibacterial substances, incorporating nanoparticles into antimicrobial hydrogels can enhance their efficacy. This article provides an overview about General characteristics, classification, material employed, preparation, application, advantages & disadvantages and future scopes of anti-microbial hydrogel.

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Hydrogels, Microbial, Antimicrobial, Bacterial, Nanoparticles

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electrometric techniques used in the analysis of atomic energy materials. This abstract examines its underlying principles - Potentiometric Titration, Conductometric Titration, Plarography, Amperometry. In any electrometric method, two electrodes are required; however, in many methods only the electrochemical phenomena associated with one electrode are useful. This electrode is referred to as the "sensi- tive," or "working," electrode of the pair; the other electrode is the reference or counter electrode.

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ELECTROMETRIC METHODS

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In recent decades, women have faced significant obstacles in their pursuit of equal opportunities compared to men. Just a quarter-century ago, disparities between women and men were prevalent in various spheres including education, the workplace, and even within households. However, progress has been made, and the lives of women and girls worldwide have markedly improved in many aspects. Across both affluent and developing nations, women now attend school more regularly, live longer lives, secure better employment opportunities, and enjoy increased legal rights and protections

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Womens empowerment visavis economic development

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The article introduces two models for evaluating public policies: the idealistic and the pragmatic. In the idealistic model, social progress is defined by changes that align societal organization and public authority conduct with idealized standards. Conversely, the pragmatic model defines social progress by comparing the current societal state, post-changes, with the previous state, pre-changes, based on specific judgment criteria. The article contends that the adoption of different models poses a primary challenge to clarity in public discourse regarding policy implementation, as it obscures points of disagreement. Advocating for the pragmatic model, the article suggests it aligns better with the use of scientific criteria for assessing policy effectiveness.

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Social progress; Public policy; Evaluation; Ideal theory; Idealistic; Pragmatic

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BJT,H-bridge, Speed control

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This study seeks to investigate the relationship between Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with consumer credit and investment in the Indian economic setting, establishing whether a positive relationship occurs and how Unified Payments Interface affects the customer's consumer credit and online investments. Surveying with the working professionals of society irrespective of gender and age through a well-structured survey, the study carries out primary data through a quantitative research design that uses descriptive method. The analysis shows that the UPI, enjoys a comparative advantage over its competitor and therefore the likelihood that it will capture a larger market share is high as it has a cost-saving mechanism, and the facilitation of online and offline transfers is made easy. Moreover, the effectiveness and the rate of UPI payments and their possible role in financial inclusion in India are analyzed to consider a complete picture of its current functioning and potential in credit and investment options. This research validates the opportunity digitalization which has transformed the terrain of banking practices. The study summarizes that using UPI does not only correspond with the manifestations of global financial market digitalization, but also offers a new framework within which the future of the banking transaction could take shape.

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UPI, Consumer Credit, Online Investment, UPI Credit, Wilks' Lambda.

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Abstract: The Padmashalis are the third largest community in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. They are spread all over the world. The rise of Moghul rule and there after Britishers who came to India for doing cloth business has lot of impact on weaving technology. The cloth manufactured at Brimingham, England can sell at cheaper rate in India and the qualities of their cloth were much better than our hand-woven cloths on Gunta Maggam (Pit-loom). Since there is no buyer for our hand-woven cloths, the domestic textile industry suffered losses. The Britisher established East India Company at Calcutta and spread their business across the India. They have also ruled our country till 1947. The impact of cloth business compelled Padmashalis to move to different places in India. Maharashtra is adjacent to Telangana, Andhra Pradesh; most of them started moving in search of their livelihood. Earlier days there were no transportation available; people started walking from Telangana and stayed for days together wherever in the en-route to Mumbai. In this course some of them even settled in most parts of Maharashtra like Nanded, Jalna, Aurangabad, and Nasik, Ahmednagar, Sholapur, Pune and even interior parts of the villages. The community people are economically backward. They were even idle. Their basic occupation was weaving; hence most of them have chosen weaving job in cotton mills. Gradually the strength has increased and it can be witnessed that about 400 to 500 Padmashalis could be seen in each mill in Mumbai. Most of the people in Sholapur are started their Textile. They were economically backward and their motto is to earn and live and therefore they could not give much importance to education. Thus, they are very much backward in Education.

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Padmashalis,Markandeyapuranam,Telangana state ,Migration Maharashtra, Socio Economic status of Padmashalis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition